CECS 130 EXAM 1

To declare a constant (read only) value:const int x = 20;const float PI = 3.14;

Can we do this? const int x;

TYPE SIZE VALUES

bool 1 byte true (1) or false (0)

char 1 byte ‘a’ to‘z’ , ‘A’ to ‘Z’, ‘0’ to ‘9’, space, tab, and so on

int 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

short 2 bytes -32,768 to 32,767

long 4 bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

float 4 bytes + - (1.2 x 10^-38 to 3.4 x 10^38)

double 8 bytes +- (2.3 x 10^-308 to -1.7 x 10^308)

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>main(){

printf(“\nC you later\n”);system(“pause”);

}

Serve to control program execution and functionality. Must end with a semicolon(;) with the exception of:

Comments: /* */ Preprocessor Directives: #include or

#define Begin and end program identifiers:

{ } Function definition beginnings: main()

Functions allow you to group program statements under one name

C and C++ are case-sensitive so main(), MAIN(), and Main() are all different functions.

The main function is special because the values it returns are returned to the operating system

Most main functions in this course do not take or pass information to the operating system

#include <stdio.h> Using a directive to include a header file

stdio.h = standard input output header file

stdlib.h = ‘system’ commands Iostream.h= Input/Output stream

header libraryMath.h= The Math library header file

Definition: Escape sequences are specially sequenced characters used to format output

\” Ex: printf(“ \ “This is quoted text \ “ “);

\’ Ex: printf(“ \n A single quote looks like \’ \n”);

\* *\ Comment Block

Character - %c Integer - %d Float (decimal)- %f String - %s Printf Format Tags:

%[flags][width][.precision][length]specifier

%[.precision]specifer -> %.2f

#include <stdio.h>

int main() { int x; for ( x = 0; x < 10; x++ ) {

printf( "%d\n", x ); }

getchar(); }

int main(){ printf (“%c %c \n", 'a', 65); printf ("%d %ld\n", 1977, 650000L); printf (" %10d \n", 1977); printf ("%010d \n", 1977); printf ("floats: %4.2f \n", 3.1416); printf ("%s \n", "A string"); return 0; }

}

printf (“%c %c \n", 'a', 65); aAprintf ("%d %ld\n", 1977, 650000L); 1977650000printf (" %10d \n", 1977);

1977printf ("%010d \n", 1977); 0000001977printf ("floats: %4.2f \n", 3.1416); 3.14

printf ("%s \n", "A string"); A string

Can you create a tabular data using printf?

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int iOperand1 = 0;int iOperand2 = 0;

printf(“\n Enter first operand: “);scanf(“%d”, &iOperand1);printf(“\n Enter second operand: “);scanf(“%d”, &iOperand2);

printf(“The result is %d \n”, 24/(iOperand1 * iOperand2)+6/3);

}

#include <stdio.h>

main(){

int x = 4;int y = 9;

int result1, result2;

result1 = y/x;result2 = y%x;

printf(“The result is %d.%d \n”, result1, 25*result2);

}

x++; Tells the function to use the current value of x and increment it by 1.++x; Increment the value of x by 1 and use the new value for calculations.

x--; Tells the function to use the current value of x and decrease its value by 1.--x; Decrease the value of x by 1 and use the new value for calculations.

x=0;printf(“The Value of x is: %d”, x++);printf(“\n The Value of x is: %d”,++x);

Would results in: The Value of x is: 0The Value of x is: 2

Do you know the answers to these?A. !( 1 || 0 ) B. !( 1 || 1 && 0 ) C. !( ( 1 || 0 ) && 0 )

A. !( 1 || 0 ) ANSWER: 0

B. !( 1 || 1 && 0 ) ANSWER: 0 (AND is evaluated before OR)

C. !( ( 1 || 0 ) && 0 ) ANSWER: 1 (Parenthesis are useful)

What’s the syntax of While(Logical Condition){ } Do{ } While(Logical Condition)

What’s the difference between While and

Do- While()?

while ( condition ) { Code to execute while the condition is true }

do { } while ( condition );

Do{} while() executes code at least once!

Use when the number of iterations is already known

Syntax:for ( variable initialization; condition; variable increment/decrement) { Code to execute while the condition is true }

Write a program using a FOR Loop to display all of the multiples of 5 from 0 to 100.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() { int x; for ( x = 0; x < =20; x++ ){

printf( "%d\n", x*5 ); }

getchar(); }

Use to manipulate flow in loopsWhat does a Break statement do

when executed within a loop?What does a Continue statement do

when executed within a loop?

#include <stdio.h>

main() { int x; for ( x = 10; x >5;

x-- ){ if (x==7) break;

} printf( “\n %d \n ”, x );}

#include <stdio.h>

main() { int x; for ( x = 10; x >5;

x-- ){ if (x==7) continue;

printf( “\n %d \n ”, x );

}}

Function Prototype Syntax

return-type function_name ( arg_type arg1, ..., arg_type argN)

Function Prototypes tell you the data type returned by the function, the data type of parameters, how many parameters, and the order of parameters

Function definitions implement the function prototype

Where are function prototypes located in the program?

Where do you find function definitions?

Where are function prototypes located in the program? Answer: before the Main(){} Function!

Function Definitions are self contained outside of the Main(){} function

#include <stdio.h> int mult (int,int);

int main() { int x; int y;

printf( "Please input two numbers to be multiplied: " ); scanf( "%d", &x ); scanf( "%d", &y ); printf( "The product of your two numbers is %d\n",

mult( x, y ) ); getchar();

}

int mult (int a, int b) { return a * b; }

#include <stdio.h> Void printReportHeader();

main(){

printReportHeader;}

void printReportHeader(){

printf(“\n Column1\tColumn2\tColumn3\tColumn4 \n”);}

#include <stdio.h>

void printNumbers();int iNumber;

main() { int x;

for(x=0, x<10,x++){printf(“\n Enter a number:”);scanf(“%d”, &iNumber);printNumbers();

}}

void printNumbers(){

printf(“\n Your number is: %d \n”, iNumber);}

Variable scope defines the life time of a variable

Local Scope: defined within functions and loses scope after function is finished. Can reuse in other functions (ex. p.123)

Global Scope: defined outside of functions and can be accessed by multiple functions