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Types of Steel Members• Hot Rolled & Built-Up

Structural Steel Members

Steel FabricationOf Built-Up Steel Members

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3

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Jobsite #1 - Holman GMC & RV Dealership Location: Batavia, OH

Significant Activities

Raising – Lift member with crane into position and bolt temporarily.

Fitting – Secure proper alignment and tighten bolts. Check level and tension guy cables.

Fastening – Make final connections meet specifications.

ResourcesHuman Skills:Crane OperationBolting Connections

Equipment and tools:Socket & Open Ended Wrenches, Electric Impact WrenchCrane/SlingsMan cranes – Body Harness, Hard Hats, Gloves, Eye Protection

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Materials:Steel – Columns, Ceiling BeamsBolts/NutsCable (Guy Wires)Fuel Truck

Temporary Facilities/Utilities:Temporary ElectricRestroomsDumpstersTrailers

Jobsite #2 - Crossroads Christian Church Location: Lexington, KY

Significant Activities

Raising – Lift member with crane into position and bolt temporarily.

Fitting – Secure proper alignment using hammers and tighten bolts with pneumatic drill.

Fastening – Make final connections meet specifications (torque wrench).

ResourcesHuman Skills:Crane OperatorIron WorkersWelders, Bolt Connections

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Equipment and tools:Pneumatic Wrench, Torque Wrench, HammersCrane/SlingsMan Lifts – Hard Hats, GlovesCompressors, Welders

Materials:Steel – W-shaped trusses, clear span trusses, bar joists, beams, columnsConnections: Bolts/Nuts, Welds

Temporary Facilities/Utilities:Temporary ElectricRestroomsTrailersDumpstersStorage Units

Design Details/Configurations (Site#1)

Design Details/Configurations (Site #2)

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Five Salient Requirements

ASTM A36 – Carbon Structural SteelASTM A242 – High Strength Low-Alloy Structural SteelASTM A194 – Standard Specs for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature SurfacesASTM A325 – High Strength Bolts for Steel StructuresASTM A992 – 50 KSI Yield Steel

Steel Arrives

Steel Available to Unload

Space Available Unload Steel

Steel Ready to

Lift

Steel Ready for Shake-out

Spotter Available

Shake-out Steel

Lift Steel

Crane Available

Steel Ready to

PlacePlace Steel

Iron Workers Ready

Align Steel Tighten Connections

Re-position Crane

Work Sampling (Site #1)SUNNY – MID 60’s

Direct Work – 42.3 %Lifting Steel, Bolting Steel, Placing & Aligning Steel

Support Work – 52.5 %Equipment Travel, Getting Equipment, Receiving Instructions, Waiting while another crew member is receiving instructions.

Delays – 5.2 %Walking empty handed, personal time, breaks

Construction Site 1 (Work Sample)

42%

53%

5%

Direct WorkSupport WorkDelays

Work Sampling (Site #2)Rainy – MID 50’s

Direct Work – 50.5 %Lifting Steel, Bolting Steel, Placing & Aligning Steel

Support Work – 43.1 %Equipment Travel, Getting Equipment, Receiving Instructions, Waiting while another crew member is receiving instructions.

Delays – 6.4 %Walking empty handed, personal time, breaks

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Construction Site 2 (Work Sample)

51%

43%

6%

Direct WorkSupport WorkDelays

Comparison

Similarities – Small Projects, Time of Samples.Differences – Weather, Crew Sizes, Physical Limits

6%5%Delay

43%53%Support

51%42%Direct

Site #2Site #1

Heaviest Item (Site #1)

Steel Joist: 1,500 – 2,000 lbs

Heaviest Item (Site #2)

W-shaped Truss: 50,000 lbs

Largest Item Installed (Site #1)

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Largest Item Installed (Site #2) Hazards to Quality

Column Lines/Control PointsPlumbing Welding – Field Welds (QC)Steel/Iron WorkersStorage (Keep off ground)Fire Protection

Hazards to Safety

Steel Erection is extremely hazardous.Potential Hazards:FallsContact with foreign objectsTransportation AccidentOverexertionHarmful Exposure

Potential Site Hazards:Inclement Weather – Windy, Wet, IcyDirt, Oil, Loose Debris, Wet Paint

All Construction - (2003)

TransportationIncidents

Assaults & ViolentActs

Contact w ith Objects &Equipment

Falls

Exposure to HarmfulSubstances

Fires and Explosions

Fatalities - OSHASteel Workers - (2003)

TransportationIncidents

Assaults & ViolentActs

Contact w ith Objects &Equipment

Falls

Exposure to HarmfulSubstances

Fires and Explosions