Factors Impeding Effective Delivery of Adult Literacy

Programs in Rural Areas of PNG: A Case Study on Usurufa

Community”.

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Presenter: Joel Sefo

 CDS Department

University of Technology, Laejsefo@cds.unitech.ac.pg

Order of Presentation

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ProblemAdult Literacy programs in Rural Areas of PNG were never implemented effectively.

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PurposeTo evaluate the adult literacy program .

Factors impeding effective adult literacy programs .

An alternate approach to delivering adult literacy programs.

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Research Questions

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Definitions1. Adult Literacy – adults age ranging from age of

15 and over; the ability to understand and evaluate meaning through reading and writing, listening and speaking, viewing and representing, (UNDP, Workshop Materials, 2012).

2. Action Research (Participatory Action Research) – is a research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a community of practice to improve the way they address issues and solve problems, www.web.ca/robrien/papers/arfinal.html

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Literature ReviewNew Field in PNGFramework of the Study

Communication for DevelopmentAction ResearchWork of Paulo Freire (Critical Pedagogy, Smith,

1997,2002)UNESCO ; Basic/Functional Literacy; (UNESCO, 1989)

Literature by PNG ResearchersProblem (Saikia, 2009’ Sinclair, 1984; Temu, 1984).Modern Technology (Watson, 2010) Tailored Literacy (Sefo, 2012)

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Research MethodologyResearch Paradigm:

Qualitative ResearchQuantitative

Action Research Design:Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)InterviewResearch Schedules

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Data Collection & Analysis Methods

Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)Village mapping Focus Group DiscussionProblem Tree

Informal InterviewsInformal interviews with participants from

Moife and other Usurufa villagesResearch Schedules

Researcher assisted schedulesAnalysis Methods

Data According to categories (categorisation)Annotation and Tabulation

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Research PopulationFour people (focused group)

purposively selected (a women included for gender balance).

Ages range from 21 to 46 yearsTwenty people; two from each

village (total of 7 villages) randomly selected for informal interviews including 4 of the focus group and 1 coordinator and 1 facilitator).

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Focused Group

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Results

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Question 1Villages No Status

V1 2 1 defunct, 1 Bible but ineffective

V2 0V3 0V4 1 Bible but ineffectiveV5 1 Defunct nowV6 1 Converted to elementaryV7 0

Results Cont…Question 2

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Results Cont…Question 3

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ConclusionEnglish Language were the major factor.

Translating from English to vernacularUse of English and Pidgin Creole to deliver

programsUnfamiliar content in unfamiliar language;

e.g. sawing machine.

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SummaryFindings thus:

Great Need for Literacy ProgramInconsistency in Running it.Administration IssuesLanguage ImpedimentLiteracy Program Run from the context of Reading Bible .

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Recommendations

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ReferencesSaikia, K. (2009. Communication Problems in Rural Areas of Developing Countries. Online Articles, Retrieved 11th August, 2012 from

www.fao.org/sd/CDdirect/CDre0055b.htmSefo, J. A. (2012). Tailoring Adult Literacy to People’s Everyday Needs in Rural Areas of PNG: Usurufa Case Study, Unpublished Research Thesis, UNITECH, PNG.Sinclair, J. (1984). Uniting a Nation – The Postal and Telecommunication Services of PNG. Melbourne: Oxford University Press

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Reference Cont…Smith, M. K. (1997-2002). 'Paulo Freire and informal education', The encyclopedias of informal education. Retrieved November 29, 2012 from www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htmTemu, D. (1984). The Information Needs of Two Papuan Village Communities – Kapari and Viriolo: A Case Study. Masters Degree Thesis, Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Press. UNDP, (2012). Adult Literacy, Workshop Materials.

UNESCO, (1989). Division of Primary Education, literacy and Adult Education and Education in Rural Areas. Paris, French: UNESCO. 

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Reference Cont…Watson, A. H. A. (2009). New

Communication Technology in Developing Countries: The Role of Mobile Telephony and Change in Rural Papua New Guinean Communities. Eprints.qut.edu.au/32787

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EndQuestions?Comments!

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