CDF 8/28/2015 1 NSF Site Visit 1.UC has long History with CDF - since before the beginning (Cronin)- design, construction (innovative trigger system),

CDFCDF

04/19/23 1NSF Site Visit

1. UC has long History with CDF - since before the beginning (Cronin)- design, construction (innovative trigger system), management, leadership, postdoc and student education;

2. Unique physics opportunity- have entered the Higgs sensitivity region, less material near beam pipe, low-mass region is where EWK precision data say the SM Higgs is (if it is- my bet is no).

3. Unique leverage (it’s 50 miles by car away, not so political, and we are already invested);

4. Consequently lots of bang per buck (BPB*). We have a chance make a big contribution. High risk, but high, influential, and satisfying payoff.

* Sheldon- can we mutually make a BPB table?

CDF Chicago Level-1 GroupCDF Chicago Level-1 GroupCarla Grosso-Pilcher, Dan Krop, Scott Wilbur, Carla Grosso-Pilcher, Dan Krop, Scott Wilbur,

Henry FrischHenry Frisch

Level 1 Trigger:Level 1 Trigger:Selects electrons, muons, Selects electrons, muons,

tracks, jets and missing tracks, jets and missing energyenergy..

Our responsibilities:Our responsibilities: DevelopmentDevelopment CommissioningCommissioning MaintenanceMaintenance MonitoringMonitoring

Designed-in Flexibility:Designed-in Flexibility: Included other triggers Included other triggers

(TOF, BBC, diffractive)(TOF, BBC, diffractive) Improved resolution of Improved resolution of

missing energy, used at missing energy, used at Level 2.Level 2.

•Dataflow of CDF “Deadtimeless”

•Trigger and DAQ

Detector

•L1 Trigger

•L2 Trigger

•L1 Accept

•L2 Accept

•7.6 MHz Crossing Rate•132 ns clock cycle

•Level1:•7.6MHz Synchronous pipeline•5544ns latency•<35 kHz Accept rate

•Level2:•Asynchronous 2 stage pipeline•~20µs latency•800Hz Accept rate

•L1 + L2 Rejection: >2000:1

•L1 Storage Pipeline:•42 Clock Cycles deep

•L2 Buffers:•4 Events

•DAQ Buffers

04/19/23 NSF Site Visit 2

•Hardware very robust, no failures since initial debugging.•Performance vs luminosity: Linit. increased by a factor of 10.•Trigmon good monitor:

• -> find problems with the detector.• -> prompt response during data taking.

•Trigger cross section for electron/photon ET>12 GeV

•Note: constant versus L.

•One store ( time)

•<- noise

24/7 Trigger Monitoring (Carla Grosso-Pilcher)


•24 hour online monitoring of trigger front-end performance.•Almost always NOT trigger problems, front-end electronics in collision hall (not UC) sensitive to glitches due to radiation.

•Entries in bottom plots correspond to errors in the tower energy sent to the trigger.

24/7 Trigger Monitoring (Carla Grosso-Pilcher)


Trigger UpgradesTrigger Upgrades(Dan and Carla)(Dan and Carla)

Commissioned new L2 decision PC’s.Commissioned new L2 decision PC’s. Decreased algorithmic latency.Decreased algorithmic latency. Expanded test-stand capabilities and Expanded test-stand capabilities and

improved checkout procedure.improved checkout procedure. Commissioned replacement boards.Commissioned replacement boards.

Improved operator and expert Improved operator and expert documentation.documentation.

Identified and corrected system Identified and corrected system errors.errors.


AnalysisAnalysis Focus has been on three areasFocus has been on three areas

`surgical’ measurements of low mass states in EWK `surgical’ measurements of low mass states in EWK events (non-SM Higgs, e.g.)events (non-SM Higgs, e.g.)

Events with gauge bosons and 3Events with gauge bosons and 3rdrd generation fermions generation fermions Very h;gh-Pt W’s and Z’s (no longer competitive with Very h;gh-Pt W’s and Z’s (no longer competitive with

LHC)LHC) Two on-going analyses and one just published:Two on-going analyses and one just published:

Same-sign and cross-generation multi-lepton Same-sign and cross-generation multi-lepton signatures in W and Z events (`lepton-jets’)- Scott signatures in W and Z events (`lepton-jets’)- Scott Wilbur’s thesisWilbur’s thesis

33rdrd analysis of ttbar-gamma and lgmet analysis of ttbar-gamma and lgmet Three PhD’s- all 3 superb, and very effective on Three PhD’s- all 3 superb, and very effective on

CMS or ATLASCMS or ATLAS


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- LoginovLoginov Andrei Loginov’s Thesis:Andrei Loginov’s Thesis:

Signature-based lepton+gamma+met (looking for Signature-based lepton+gamma+met (looking for more eeggmet events, gauge-mediated SUSY, more eeggmet events, gauge-mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley whatzits, …. (follow up to Jeff Hidden Valley whatzits, …. (follow up to Jeff Berryhill’s lgmet thesis, Dave Toback’s dileptop +X Berryhill’s lgmet thesis, Dave Toback’s dileptop +X analysisanalysis

Top pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) eventsTop pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) events Top a good place to look for decay chains involving photons- Top a good place to look for decay chains involving photons-

e.g. Gauge Mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley, etc.,..e.g. Gauge Mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley, etc.,.. Calibration channel for ttbar+Higss (small sigma!)Calibration channel for ttbar+Higss (small sigma!)


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- ShreyberShreyber Irina Shreyber’s Thesis:Irina Shreyber’s Thesis:

Ttbar gamma with more luminosity, Ttbar gamma with more luminosity, and also ratio to ttbarand also ratio to ttbar

Interesting story- Irina’s degree was in Steel Interesting story- Irina’s degree was in Steel Alloys (Metallurgical Institute)- now at Alloys (Metallurgical Institute)- now at SaclaySaclay


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- ParamonovParamonov Sasha Paramonov’s Thesis:Sasha Paramonov’s Thesis:

Signature-based high Pt Z’s and W’s search found a Signature-based high Pt Z’s and W’s search found a `bump’ in Z+jets at 174 GeV- even tho it looked like `bump’ in Z+jets at 174 GeV- even tho it looked like a fluctuation we took it seriouslya fluctuation we took it seriously

Bump went away with more data, and analysis Bump went away with more data, and analysis morphed into a neutral-current search for top -> morphed into a neutral-current search for top -> Z+charmZ+charm


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- ParamonovParamonov :Sasha, Florencia, Mrenna, D’onofrio took :Sasha, Florencia, Mrenna, D’onofrio took

advantage of top to Zc to do a detailed advantage of top to Zc to do a detailed study of Z-jet balancing, looking toward study of Z-jet balancing, looking toward LHCLHC| (measure Zpt precisely, look at one jet opposite and | (measure Zpt precisely, look at one jet opposite and calculate response)calculate response)


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- Auerback, Loginov, Schreyber, Auerback, Loginov, Schreyber,

TiptonTipton Ben Auerbach’s Thesis (Tipton student):Ben Auerbach’s Thesis (Tipton student): Top pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) eventsTop pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) events

Measure ttg/tt; use tt and Wg as control channelsMeasure ttg/tt; use tt and Wg as control channels


Physics Analysis- Physics Analysis- Scott Wilbur, Dan Krop, Scott Wilbur, Dan Krop,

CarlaCarla Scott Wilbur’s Thesis (est: by end of July):Scott Wilbur’s Thesis (est: by end of July): Signature-based lepton+gamma+met (looking for Signature-based lepton+gamma+met (looking for

more eeggmet events, gauge-mediated SUSY, Hidden more eeggmet events, gauge-mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley whatzits, …. (follow up to Jeff Berryhill’s lgmet Valley whatzits, …. (follow up to Jeff Berryhill’s lgmet thesis, Dave Toback’s dileptop +X analysisthesis, Dave Toback’s dileptop +X analysis

Top pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) eventsTop pair radiative (ttbar-gamma) events Top a good place to look for decay chains involving photons- Top a good place to look for decay chains involving photons-

e.g. Gauge Mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley, etc.,..e.g. Gauge Mediated SUSY, Hidden Valley, etc.,.. Calibration channel for ttbar+Higss (small sigma!)Calibration channel for ttbar+Higss (small sigma!)


Physics Analysis-Physics Analysis-CarlaCarla

Can K/pi identification help on identifying b-Can K/pi identification help on identifying b-quark and bbar-quark in top decays, and then quark and bbar-quark in top decays, and then lead to better resolution in the top mass??lead to better resolution in the top mass??

Best measurement from Lepton + jets channel, with tagging of b-quarks from Best measurement from Lepton + jets channel, with tagging of b-quarks from displaced vertices. Leaves two-fold ambiguity. displaced vertices. Leaves two-fold ambiguity.

-> look at using flavor tagging by identifying K in jets with TOF, -> look at using flavor tagging by identifying K in jets with TOF, will allow to pair the b-jet candidates with the corresponding W from a t-quark.will allow to pair the b-jet candidates with the corresponding W from a t-quark.

04/19/23 13

Work in progress (not as easy as it sounds)

1 sigma pi-K separation

EDUCATIONEDUCATIONOpportunity to Educate Hands-On: then move to Opportunity to Educate Hands-On: then move to

LHC analysisLHC analysis StudentsStudents: Redlinger (first reconstruction of : Redlinger (first reconstruction of

masses from tracks in jets at Tevatron), Kopp masses from tracks in jets at Tevatron), Kopp (first precise W/Z ratio, W width), Saltzberg (first precise W/Z ratio, W width), Saltzberg (first precise W mass and method), Romano (first precise W mass and method), Romano (first top dileptons), Toback, Berryhill (first (first top dileptons), Toback, Berryhill (first signature-based searches), Loginov, Shreyber signature-based searches), Loginov, Shreyber (first measurement of ttbar-gamma), .. (also (first measurement of ttbar-gamma), .. (also Tsai, Snider, Derwent, Wahl, Paramonov-plus Tsai, Snider, Derwent, Wahl, Paramonov-plus Incandela and Somalwar (monpoles)- all Incandela and Somalwar (monpoles)- all hands-on types)hands-on types)

PostdocsPostdocs- Myron Campbell, Tony Liss, Dan - Myron Campbell, Tony Liss, Dan Amidei, Claudio Campagnari, Sarah Eno, Amidei, Claudio Campagnari, Sarah Eno, Greg Sullivan, Peter Wilson, Ray Culbertson, Greg Sullivan, Peter Wilson, Ray Culbertson, Bruce Knutson, Un-Ki Yang, Maria Bruce Knutson, Un-Ki Yang, Maria Spiropoulu, Spiropoulu,


Bang For Buck- Bang For Buck- Group (Carla) plays a key role in 24-7 Group (Carla) plays a key role in 24-7

monitoring of the trigger and detector monitoring of the trigger and detector (quote JJ)(quote JJ)

2 of last 3 students (Loginov, Shreyber) 2 of last 3 students (Loginov, Shreyber) were not paid by NSF-Really good were not paid by NSF-Really good Russian student applying in fall (have had Russian student applying in fall (have had 3 in a row- this would be 43 in a row- this would be 4thth). ).

Quality of post-docs has been high- expect Quality of post-docs has been high- expect to continue to be attractive to the best to continue to be attractive to the best (we got Wetstein: (unpaid by NSF) joint (we got Wetstein: (unpaid by NSF) joint with ANL on Psec)with ANL on Psec)

Adding Rosner (we hope)- like having 2 Adding Rosner (we hope)- like having 2 more gears (tell Z story of Run 0 over a more gears (tell Z story of Run 0 over a beer)beer)


Next 3 years – if no Run Next 3 years – if no Run IIIIII

Difficult time to knows the future of CDF right Difficult time to knows the future of CDF right now- we would like to plan for both casesnow- we would like to plan for both cases

Base Plan (assume at least one more year of Base Plan (assume at least one more year of data- followed by 2 of analysis) (as orig. data- followed by 2 of analysis) (as orig. submitted):submitted): Carla, Frisch, ,1 postdoc, 2 students, 1 undergradCarla, Frisch, ,1 postdoc, 2 students, 1 undergrad Finish present analyses, possibly one more if find Finish present analyses, possibly one more if find

something useful-publish (takes at least 1 year);something useful-publish (takes at least 1 year); Continue detector monitoring, fixing as long as Continue detector monitoring, fixing as long as

neededneeded Plan would be to focus on the SM light Higgs Plan would be to focus on the SM light Higgs

and keep an (a priori) eye open for non-SM and keep an (a priori) eye open for non-SM HiggsHiggs


Fermilab 3/4/2010 17

`Your Vision of a Future `Your Vision of a Future Tevatron Program’ (Tevatron Program’ (request from request from

ChrisChris))Henry FrischHenry FrischUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of Chicago

•Patrick Huber

We played a role in the Run III `saga’- truly deeply concerned about Fermilab’s next 3 years with little physics, schedule creep, and non-competvness

CDF Group Budget as orig. CDF Group Budget as orig. proposedproposed

(pre Run III possibility)(pre Run III possibility) Senior Personnel (Carla + 2mo of Henry)Senior Personnel (Carla + 2mo of Henry) 105,383105,383 PostdocPostdoc 53,000 53,000 Graduate StudentsGraduate Students 92,275 92,275 SecretarialSecretarial 5,799 5,799 Local Business CenterLocal Business Center 1,365 1,365 Domestic TravelDomestic Travel 6,000 6,000 Foreign TravelForeign Travel 0 0 Materials and SuppliesMaterials and Supplies 15,000 15,000 Permanent EquipmentPermanent Equipment 25,000 25,000 TuitionTuition 46,388 46,388 Total with all lunatic fringe etcTotal with all lunatic fringe etc 546,971546,971

18

Next 3 years- Run 3Next 3 years- Run 3 If Run III goes ahead will there be additional If Run III goes ahead will there be additional

NSF support in addition to DoE support? NSF support in addition to DoE support? (HEPAP and P5 represent both);(HEPAP and P5 represent both);

Run III Plan (assume 3 more years of data- Run III Plan (assume 3 more years of data- followed by 1 of analysis, addl. univ. followed by 1 of analysis, addl. univ. support):support): Carla, Frisch, Rosner, 2 postdocs, 2 students, 1 Carla, Frisch, Rosner, 2 postdocs, 2 students, 1

undergrad, 2 visitorsundergrad, 2 visitors Work on energy-flow jet resolution for SM H-Work on energy-flow jet resolution for SM H-

>bbar exclusion across the whole mass range- >bbar exclusion across the whole mass range- need critical mass (Kuhlmann, others- many need critical mass (Kuhlmann, others- many years of work so far);years of work so far);

Continue detector monitoring, fixing as long as Continue detector monitoring, fixing as long as neededneeded


04/19/23 20

The Development of Large-The Development of Large-Area Thin Planar Psec Area Thin Planar Psec

PhotodetectorsPhotodetectorsHenry FrischHenry Frisch

NSF Site Visit

04/19/23 21

1. Large-Area Low-Cost Photodetectors with good correlated time and space resolution (target 10 $/sq-in incremental areal cost)

2. Large-Area TOF particle/photon detectors with psec time resolution ( < 1psec at 100 p.e.)

3. Understanding photocathodes so that we can reliably make high QE, tailor the spectral response, and develop new materials and geometries (QE > 50%?, public formula)

NSF Site Visit

Three Goals of a New (1 Three Goals of a New (1 yr-old) Collaborative yr-old) Collaborative

Effort:Effort:

04/19/23 22

The Large-Area Psec Photo-detector The Large-Area Psec Photo-detector CollaborationCollaboration

3 National Labs, 6 Divisions at Argonne, 3 US small companies; electronics expertise at UC Berkely, and the Universities of Chicago and HawaiiGoal of 3-year R&D- commercializable modules.

DOE Funded (100K$/yr NSF)

NSF Site Visit


4 Groups4 Groups + + Integration and Management Integration and Management


Parallel Efforts on Specific Parallel Efforts on Specific ApplicationsApplications

..

LAPD Detector Development

PET(UC/BSD,

UCB, Lyon)

Collider(UC,

ANL,Saclay.

Mass Spec

Security

(TBD)

Drawing Not To Scale (!)

ANL,Arradiance,Chicago,Fermilab, Hawaii,Muons,Inc,SLAC,SSL/UCB, Synkera, U. Wash.

Explicit strategy for staying on task

All these need work- naturally tend to lag the reality of the detector development

DUSEL

(Matt, Mayly, Bob,

John, ..)

Muon Cooli

ngMuons,Inc

(SBIR)

K->(UC(?))


MCP development- use modern fabrication processes MCP development- use modern fabrication processes to control emissivities, resistivities, out-gassingto control emissivities, resistivities, out-gassing

Use Atomic Layer Deposition for emissive materialUse Atomic Layer Deposition for emissive material (amplification) on cheap inert substrates (glass capillary (amplification) on cheap inert substrates (glass capillary

arrays, AAO). Scalable to large sizes; economical; pure – i.e. arrays, AAO). Scalable to large sizes; economical; pure – i.e. chemically robust and (it seems- see below) chemically robust and (it seems- see below) stablestable

Readout: Use transmission lines and modern chip Readout: Use transmission lines and modern chip technologies for high speed cheap low-power high-technologies for high speed cheap low-power high-density readout.density readout.

Anode is a 50-ohm stripline. Scalable up to many feet in Anode is a 50-ohm stripline. Scalable up to many feet in length ; readout 2 ends; CMOS sampling onto capacitors- length ; readout 2 ends; CMOS sampling onto capacitors- fast, cheap, low-power (New idea- make MCP-PMT tiles on fast, cheap, low-power (New idea- make MCP-PMT tiles on single PC-card readout- see below)single PC-card readout- see below)

Use computational advances -simulation as basis for Use computational advances -simulation as basis for designdesign

Modern computing tools allow simulation at level of basic Modern computing tools allow simulation at level of basic processes- validate with data. Use for `rational design’ processes- validate with data. Use for `rational design’ (Klaus Attenkofer’s phrase).(Klaus Attenkofer’s phrase).

Detector Development- 3 Detector Development- 3 ProngsProngs


Micro-channel Plates PMTsMicro-channel Plates PMTsSatisfies small feature size and homogeneity Satisfies small feature size and homogeneity

Photon and electron paths are short- few mm to microns=>fast, uniform Planar geometry=>scalable to large areas


Simplifying MCP Simplifying MCP ConstructionConstruction

Chemically produced and Chemically produced and treated Pb-glass does 3-treated Pb-glass does 3-functions:functions:

1.1. Provide poresProvide pores2.2. Resistive layer supplies Resistive layer supplies

electric field in the poreelectric field in the pore3.3. Pb-oxide layer provides Pb-oxide layer provides

secondary electron emissionsecondary electron emission

Conventional Pb-glass MCP

OLD

Incom Glass Substrate

NEW

Separate the three functions:

1.Hard glass substrate provides pores;

2.Tuned Resistive Layer (ALD) provides current for electric field (possible NTC?);

3.Specific Emitting layer provides SEE


Where we are with glass Where we are with glass substratessubstrates

Have received multiple samples of 10-micron, 20-micron, 40-micron Have received multiple samples of 10-micron, 20-micron, 40-micron glass substrates from Incom in 3/4”-sq and 33 mm round formats – glass substrates from Incom in 3/4”-sq and 33 mm round formats – will show results after ALD below. First 8” plates also have been will show results after ALD below. First 8” plates also have been received.received.

Two developments at Incom (our glass folks)- 1) 2Two developments at Incom (our glass folks)- 1) 2nd nd gen 8” plates are gen 8” plates are being fabricated and the process improved, and 2) replacement of being fabricated and the process improved, and 2) replacement of some multis with solid islands (`pads’) for installation of mechanical some multis with solid islands (`pads’) for installation of mechanical spacers. Idea is low cost amplification section - so far so good spacers. Idea is low cost amplification section - so far so good (hesitate to quote a # yet).(hesitate to quote a # yet).

.075”~150 20 pores

INCOM glass substrate

Hexagonal bundle of capillaries is called a `multi’. Each multi has ~15,000 capillaries

Many many multis in an 8”-square plate.

Incom, IncCharlton, MA


ALD for Emissive CoatingALD for Emissive Coating

29

Daimond? Other unexplored materials?

possible discrete dynode structure (speed!)

Conventional MCP’s: Alternative ALD Coatings: (ALD SiO2 also)

Jeff Elam , Zeke Insepov, Slade Jokela


ALD for Emissive CoatingALD for Emissive Coating

30

Daimond? Other unexplored materials?

possible discrete dynode structure (speed!)

Conventional MCP’s: Alternative ALD Coatings: (ALD SiO2 also)

Jeff Elam , Zeke Insepov, Slade Jokela


Atomic Layer Deposition Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Thin Film Coating (ALD) Thin Film Coating

TechnologyTechnology

Atomic level thickness controlDeposit nearly any materialPrecise coatings on 3-D objects (JE)

Jeff Elam pictures

•Lots of possible materials => much room for higher performance


High (multi-GHz) ABW High (multi-GHz) ABW readoutreadout

Note signal is differential between ground (inside, top), and PC traces (outside)

Anode development has been NSF project.


•Large Area Photodetector Development Collaboration

Simulation (crosses all groups)Simulation (crosses all groups)Valentin Ivanov, Zeke Insepov, Zeke Yusof, Sergey Valentin Ivanov, Zeke Insepov, Zeke Yusof, Sergey

Antipov, Matt Wetstein (joint apptment- ANL Antipov, Matt Wetstein (joint apptment- ANL funded)funded)

•33

•10μm pore

•40μm spacing

•Funnel (!)


UCB Concept ‘B’ 8” UCB Concept ‘B’ 8” Tube DesignTube Design

•3 Mar 2010 •34

•Jason McPhate•Experimental Astrophysics Group

•Space Sciences Laboratory •University of California, Berkeley


The 24”x16” The 24”x16” `SuperModule`SuperModule

Sealed Tube (Tile) Sealed Tube (Tile) ConstructionConstruction


•All (cheap) glass•Anode is silk-screened•No pins, penetrations•No internal connections•Anode determines locations (i.e. no mech tolerancing for position resolution)•Fastens with double-sticky to readout Tray: so can tile different length strings, areas•Tile Factory in works (ANL)


Fabricated per unit cost estimates

30 1000 3000 10,000 100,000

Window (1@) $18 13 11 10 8

Side wall (1@) $78 55 52 48 40

Base plate (1@) $20 13 11 10 8

Rod Spacers (75@) $7 3 2 1.20 .80

Total $641 $306 $224 $158 $116

The above prices are for water jet cut B33 glass, tol. +- 0.010, except rod spacers +000 -0.004

---------Quotations--------- -----------------------Cost estimates----------------------

8” Glass Package Component Costs

To this add 2 8” plates (@250?), ALD (Bulk), PC, assembly

Rich Northrop

PSEC-2 ASICPSEC-2 ASIC


•130nm IBM 8RF Process•This chip 4 channels, 256 deep analog ring buffer•Sampling tested at 11 GS/sec•Each channel has its own ADC- 9 bits eff (?)•The ADCs on this chip didn’t work due to leakage (silly, didn’t simulate slow easy things) - resubmitted, and test card out for fab with external ADC - will use 1 of 4 chnls•We’re learning from Breton, Delagnes, Ritt and Varner (Gary is of course a collaborator)

Chicago- Hawaii


ANL-UC Glass Hermetic Packaging ANL-UC Glass Hermetic Packaging GroupGroup Proceed in 3 steps: 1) hermetic box; Proceed in 3 steps: 1) hermetic box;

2) Add MCP’s, readout, (Au cathode); 2) Add MCP’s, readout, (Au cathode); 3) Add photocathode3) Add photocathode

BoxBox

Box+ 8” MCPsBox+ 8” MCPs

Box+MCP+PCBox+MCP+PC

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

Possible Au anode

At colliders we measure the 3-momenta of At colliders we measure the 3-momenta of hadrons, but can’t follow the flavor-flow of hadrons, but can’t follow the flavor-flow of quarks,quarks, the primarythe primary objectsobjects that are colliding. 2-orders-of- that are colliding. 2-orders-of-magnitude in time resolution would all us to magnitude in time resolution would all us to measure measure ALLALL the information=>greatly enhanced the information=>greatly enhanced discovery potential.discovery potential.

Application to Application to CollidersColliders

t-tbar -> W+bW-

bbar-> e+ nu+c+sbar+b+bbar

Specs:Signal: 50-10,000 photonsSpace resolution: 1 mmTime resolution 1 psecCost: <100K$/m2:

A real top candidate event from CDF- has top, antitop, each decaying into a W-boson and a b or antib. Goal- identify the quarks that make the jets. (explain why…)

New Idea (?)-New Idea (?)-Differential TOFDifferential TOF

Rather than use the Start time of the collision, measure the difference in arrival times at the beta=c particles (photons, electrons and identified muons) and the hadrons, which arrive a few psec later.


Application 2- Neutrino Application 2- Neutrino PhysicsPhysics

Spec: signal single photon, 100 ps time, 1 cm Spec: signal single photon, 100 ps time, 1 cm space, low cost/m2 (5-10K$/m2)*space, low cost/m2 (5-10K$/m2)*

(Howard Nicholson)

New Idea:Hi-res HNew Idea:Hi-res H22O O Spatial Res of <1cm plus >50% Spatial Res of <1cm plus >50%

coverage would allow working close coverage would allow working close to the walls => greater Fid/Tot ratio;to the walls => greater Fid/Tot ratio;

Also would make curve of Fid/Tot Also would make curve of Fid/Tot flatter wrt to symmetry- could make flatter wrt to symmetry- could make a high, long, narrow (book-on-end) a high, long, narrow (book-on-end) detector at smaller loss of F/T;detector at smaller loss of F/T;

Cavern height cheaper than width; Cavern height cheaper than width; robust tubes can stand more robust tubes can stand more pressurepressure

Narrow may allow magnetic field (!)Narrow may allow magnetic field (!)


New idea: Hi-Res HNew idea: Hi-Res H220-0-continuedcontinued

100 psec time resolution is 3cm space 100 psec time resolution is 3cm space resolution ALONG photon direction;resolution ALONG photon direction;

Transverse resolution on each photon Transverse resolution on each photon should be sub-cm;should be sub-cm;

Question- can one reconstruct tracks?Question- can one reconstruct tracks? Question- can one reconstruct Question- can one reconstruct

vertices?vertices? Question- can one distinguish a pizero Question- can one distinguish a pizero

from an electron and 2 vertices from from an electron and 2 vertices from one? (4 tracks vs 1 too)one? (4 tracks vs 1 too)


Question: Can we reconstruct the first 3 Question: Can we reconstruct the first 3 radiation lengths of an event with radiation lengths of an event with resolution ~1/10 of a radiation length?resolution ~1/10 of a radiation length?

Handles on pizero-electron separation: 2 vs Handles on pizero-electron separation: 2 vs 1 vertices; no track vs 1 track between 1 vertices; no track vs 1 track between primary vertex and first photon conversion; primary vertex and first photon conversion; 2 tracks (twice the photons) from the 2 2 tracks (twice the photons) from the 2 conversion vertices; conversion vertices;

Know photon angle, lots of photons-fit to Know photon angle, lots of photons-fit to counter dispersion, scattering;counter dispersion, scattering;

Book-on-end aspect ratio helps against Book-on-end aspect ratio helps against dispersion, scattering-have to look at whole dispersion, scattering-have to look at whole picture.picture.


New idea: Hi-Res H20-continued

•Can localize source along line of flight.

•Time of flight information reduces noise in images.

•Variance reduction given by 2D/ct.

•500 ps timing resolution 5x reduction in variance!

•c = 30 cm/ns•500 ps timing resolution

7.5 cm localization

•Time of Flight Provides a Huge Performance Increase!•Largest Improvement in Large Patients

•Time of Flight Provides a Huge Performance Increase!•Largest Improvement in Large Patients

•D

Application 3- Medical Imaging (PET) •Bill Moses Slide

(Lyon)



Application 3- Medical Application 3- Medical Imaging (PET)Imaging (PET)

Depth in crystal by Depth in crystal by time-differencetime-difference

Heejong Kim Heejong

Kim

Can we solve Can we solve the depth-of-the depth-of-interaction interaction problem and problem and also use also use cheaper faster cheaper faster radiators?radiators?

AlternatinAlternating radiator g radiator and cheap and cheap 30-50 psec 30-50 psec planar planar mcp-pmt’s mcp-pmt’s on each on each sideside

Depth in crystal by Depth in crystal by energyenergy- asymmetryasymmetry

Simulations by Simulations by Heejong Kim Heejong Kim (Chicago)(Chicago)


A radical idea driven by A radical idea driven by sampling calorimeters sampling calorimeters

based om thin cheap fast based om thin cheap fast photodetectors with photodetectors with

correlated time and space correlated time and space waveform samplingwaveform sampling

Give up on the 511 KeV energy cut for bkgd Give up on the 511 KeV energy cut for bkgd rejection (!?), Give up on the Compton fraction rejection (!?), Give up on the Compton fraction (!??), and instead use cheaper faster lower-density (!??), and instead use cheaper faster lower-density scintillator, adaptive algorithms, and large-area to scintillator, adaptive algorithms, and large-area to beat down background.beat down background. Question for wkshp- candidate scintillators (Ren-Question for wkshp- candidate scintillators (Ren-yuan suggests BaF2- even lower density yuan suggests BaF2- even lower density candidates?) candidates?)

Alternating radiator Alternating radiator and cheap 30-50 and cheap 30-50 psec thin planar psec thin planar mcp-pmt’s on each mcp-pmt’s on each sideside

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

BGOLuAPLSO

LuYAPGSO

LuI3

BaF2

LaBr3RGB

NaI

LaCl3

Relative EfficiencyS

cin

tilla

tor

Bill Moses (Lyon)

•Both Photons Deposit >350 keV


Medical Imaging (PET)-Medical Imaging (PET)-cont.cont.

However- truth in advertising- there is a long way to go (see Bill Moses’s talk at Clermont.) It looks promising, as it may be possible to produce large panels with better spatial and time resolution than possible with photomultipliers, and our initial estimates are that MCP-PMT’s may be as much as a factor of 10 cheaper. However, the development will take a collaborative effort on measurements and simulation (see papers by Heejong Kim et al on web). Talks are also underway among Clermont, Strasbourg, Lyon, and Chicago. N.B. independent funding now.

Spec: signal 10,000 photons,30 ps Spec: signal 10,000 photons,30 ps time resolution , 1 mm space time resolution , 1 mm space resolution, 30K$/m2, and resolution, 30K$/m2, and commercializable for clinical use.commercializable for clinical use.

SUMMARY


Application 4- Cherenkov-sensitive Application 4- Cherenkov-sensitive Sampling Quasi- Digital Sampling Quasi- Digital

CalorimetersCalorimeters

A picture of an em shower in a A picture of an em shower in a cloud-chamber with ½” Pb plates cloud-chamber with ½” Pb plates (Rossi, p215- from CY Chao)(Rossi, p215- from CY Chao)

A `cartoon’ of a fixed target geometry A `cartoon’ of a fixed target geometry such as for JPARC’s KL-> pizero such as for JPARC’s KL-> pizero nunubar (at UC, Yao Wah) or LHCbnunubar (at UC, Yao Wah) or LHCb

•IIdea: planes on one side read both Cherenkov and scintillation light- on other only scintillation.


Can one build a `Quasi-digital’ Can one build a `Quasi-digital’ MCP-based Calorimeter?MCP-based Calorimeter?

Electron pattern (not a picture of the plate!)- SSL test, Electron pattern (not a picture of the plate!)- SSL test, Incom substrate, Arradiance ALD. Note you can see the Incom substrate, Arradiance ALD. Note you can see the multi’s in both plates => ~50 micron resolution multi’s in both plates => ~50 micron resolution

Note- at high gain the boundaries of the multi’s go away

Idea: can one saturate pores in the the MCP plate Idea: can one saturate pores in the the MCP plate s.t.output is proportional to number of pores. s.t.output is proportional to number of pores. Transmission line readout gives a cheap way to Transmission line readout gives a cheap way to sample the whole lane with pulse height and sample the whole lane with pulse height and time- get energy flow. time- get energy flow.

Oswald Siegmund, Jason McPhate, Sharon Jelinsky, SSL (UCB)

More Information:More Information:


• Main Page: http://psec.uchicago.edu

• Library: Collaboration Meetings, Godparent Reviews, Milestones, Image Library, Document Library, Year-1 Summary Report, Links to MCP, Photocathode, Materials Literature, etc.;

• Blog: Our log-book- open to all (say yes to certificate Cerberus, etc.)- can keep track of us (many companies do, we have found);

• Wish us well- goal is in 3 years (2 from now) to have commercializable modules- too late for the 1st round of LBNE, but maybe not too late for a 2nd or 3rd-generation detector.

http://psec.uchicago.edu/

NSF Funding Contributions NSF Funding Contributions to LAPPDto LAPPD


•HJF Summer Salary (Spokesman- ( N.B. NSF-Leadership role)) (LAPPD+CDF)•97K$ Supplement this year for EDG and UCEC engineering work on anodes•No students (Eric Oberla is on a GANN)•No postdocs (Matt Wetstein is paid for by ANL Director’s funds)•Limited to one specific project- anodes- based on the (transformational) Chicago ideas (Tang, Genat, Grabas, Frisch, Sanders)- US Patent 2007/0187596 and US Provisional Application 61/339,865 (one more through ANL).

NSF Funding Contributions NSF Funding Contributions to LAPPDto LAPPD


1-yr Anode Supplement

3-yr Grant

Needed Equip to buy (request)

~100K/yr start-up funding- crucial intellectual and technical base to work from for big DOE proposal

A Continuing NSF Role in A Continuing NSF Role in LAPPD?LAPPD?


•NSF support has played a crucial role in the intellectual and technical groundwork•LBNE needs 100,000 PMT’s- list price in small quantities is > 3K$ each/ hope is 1-2K$/each, so cost of PMT’s is somewhere between 100M$ and 300M$•Big gains possible in QE for photocathodes (not discussed here, but one of the impetuses (impeti?) for the being-proposed National Center for Advanced Detectors and Sensors.)•Muon cooling application (measure mv by TOF)- future of US HEP? (SBIR with MuonsInc)•Medical Imagining- PET, hadron therapy (with Clermont, Lyon, Saclay, BSD)- could have major societal impact (aka outreach).

A Continuing NSF Role in A Continuing NSF Role in LAPPD?LAPPD?


THE ASK:

WE BELIEVE THAT THIS IS THE KIND OF INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING THE FOUNDATION SHOULD BE ENCOURAGING: LEADS TO US JOBS, SMALL BUSINESS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES

THE PITCH:


The End-The End-

BackupBackup



Put it all together- the Put it all together- the `Frugal’ MCP`Frugal’ MCP

Put all Put all ingredients ingredients together- flat together- flat glass case glass case (think TV’s), (think TV’s), capillary/ALD capillary/ALD amplification, amplification, transmission transmission line anodes, line anodes, waveform waveform samplingsampling

Glass is cheap, Glass is cheap, and they make and they make vacuum tubes vacuum tubes out of it- why out of it- why not MCP’s?not MCP’s?


GodParent Review PanelsGodParent Review Panels•Packaging Group

•MCP Group •Photocathode Group

•Electronics Group

•Karen Byrum•K.Arisaka•J. Elam•D. Ferenc•J.F. Genat•P. Hink•A. Ronzhin

• Bob Wagner

• K.Attenkofer

A. Bross• Z. InsepovA. Tremsin• J. Va’vra

• A. Zinovev

• Gary Varner• J. Buckley• K. Harkay• V. Ivanov

A. Lyashenko• T. Prolier

• M. Wetstein

• Zikri Yusof• B. Adams

• M. Demarteau

• G. Drake• T. Liu

• I. Veryovkin

• S. Ross


Advanced Photocathode Advanced Photocathode GroupGroup

III-V have the potential for high III-V have the potential for high QE, shifting toward the blue, and QE, shifting toward the blue, and robustness i.e. they age well, robustness i.e. they age well, high-temp)high-temp)

Opaque PC’s have much higher Opaque PC’s have much higher QE than transmission PC’s- we QE than transmission PC’s- we have the geometryhave the geometry

Many small factors to be gained Many small factors to be gained in absorption, anti-reflection- in absorption, anti-reflection- see papers by Townsend and see papers by Townsend and talk by Fontaine on our web sitetalk by Fontaine on our web site

Quantum Effic. Of 60% have Quantum Effic. Of 60% have been achieved in bialkalisbeen achieved in bialkalis

Moving to understanding the physics

Big payoff if we can get >50% QE robust Photocathodes, and/or more robust (assembly). Also want

to get away from `cooking recipes’ to rational design.

Klaus Attenkofer, Sasha Paramonov, Zikri Yusof, Junqi Xi, Seon Wu Lee, UIUC, WashU, ….

CDF Wedge- front face CDF Wedge- front face belowbelow


Hidden Higgs Decaying Hidden Higgs Decaying To Lepton JetsTo Lepton Jets

Model motivated byModel motivated by Astrophysical Astrophysical

anomalies (dark anomalies (dark matter)matter)

Light Higgs Light Higgs suggested by suggested by electroweak electroweak precision fit but precision fit but hidden from LEP hidden from LEP searches.searches.•arXiv:1002:2

952v2[hep-ph]



I. Run the Tevatron I. Run the Tevatron Until Until We Are SureWe Are Sure We Don’t Need We Don’t Need

ItIt1. There are key precision measurements that it will be a very

long time, if ever, before they are done better at the LHC than at the Tevatron – e.g. the W mass and the top quark mass.

2. Even if the LHC is able to measure these more precisely, the systematics of the measurements at the LHC and the Tevatron will be quite different- there is a good chance that the tension between the EWK precision fits and the LEP limit on the Higgs mass will endure, and being sure that there is no problem in MW or Mtop is critical.

3. There are many models that have light new physics- the Tevatron is a better match to MET ~ MW/4 and light masses (few GeV to EWK scale) for track-based triggering and soft electron reconstruction, among other soft (low Pt) things.

4. We have finally entered the realm of diboson and Higgs cross-sections- still many signatures to explore. The SM Higgs is only one of many possibilities, e.g.- and tools are still getting better. Why quit now?


II. Make adiabatic II. Make adiabatic improvements and improvements and

necessary necessary replacements/upgrades replacements/upgrades

1.Systematic program to get detector efficiencies to PRL (not to tape) up to 90% (`hammering down highest nails’)- many small nagging losses.

2.Make tests of luminosity leveling- opposition was from b-physics, but would help in quality of high-Pt data, analysis, and (I still believe, but could be wrong) efficiency.

3.I don’t know about silicon lifetime- need to ask experts- I think other sub-systems are ok (e.g. CEM goes down slowly but steadily, COT and magnet seem to be holding up)


III. Assign technical staff to III. Assign technical staff to run the detectors instead of run the detectors instead of

constant shuffling of constant shuffling of responsibilities responsibilities 1.Heard often that `there aren’t enough people to

run the detectors’.• This is true in the present model, which is mind-

blowingly inefficient. In the present model, institutions are still responsible for sub-systems built years (decades in some cases) earlier. Maintaining these systems is neither interesting nor easy to do well- yet we persist at it. Not surprisingly, it’s hard to find enough people to do it. The ones we do find are completely unskilled and are short-term.

• The lab needs to make a new model, the `John Roof’ model, in which permanent staff are assigned to run, maintain, and improve the operation of the detectors. This is possible- it would only take a management decision that this is a priority.


IV. Make qualitative IV. Make qualitative improvements in capability improvements in capability

(i.e. non-adiabatic) (i.e. non-adiabatic) • EXAMPLES (these need evaluation by collaboration godparent committees or equiv.- these are ones I know a little about, probably good others)

1.New silicon systems with better spatial resolution (cancelled by previous management)

2.New TDC’s for the COT for faster readout (cancelled by previous management), less deadtime (more b-physics data)

3.3-10-psec TOF for K-pi separation for quark-flavor identification (e.g. ttbar -> e nu b bbar c sbar).

4.New SVT track-based trigger.• Build on ILC detector development advances-

incorporate them into the Tevatron program. (takes careful evaluation)


V. Go for USA as Number 1 V. Go for USA as Number 1 AgainAgain

(we owned the podium- want it (we owned the podium- want it back).back).

• Go for the energy frontier- that’s where the big questions will be answered, if at all.

• Go back to 1984 pbar workshop at UC, and (one) start of the SSC tragedy. Pbarp at 1033 and 42 TeV reaches 21 TeV in q-qbar vs 7.8 for pp at 1034.

Documents

CDF 8/28/2015 1 NSF Site Visit 1.UC has long History with CDF - since before the beginning (Cronin)- design, construction (innovative trigger system),