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CCS10803 COMPUTER TROUBLESHOOTING
Chapter 9: PCs on a Network
Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn: About different types of physical network
architectures
How networking works with Windows
How to install a network card and a network protocol using Windows
Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections
How to connect networks to each other
Physical Network Architectures
Network adapter, usually an expansion card called a network interface card (NIC), connected to a PCI slot
Communications follow rules called network protocols
Network communication is layered
Data is transmitted in packets, datagrams or frames
Ethernet
10-Mbps Ethernet
100-Mpbs Ethernet or Fast Ethernet
1000-Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet
10-Gigabit Ethernet
Ethernet (continued)
Ethernet (continued)
Ethernet Topology
Ethernet Topology (continued)
Ethernet Topology (continued)
Wireless LANs
Use radio waves or infrared light
Direct connection or through a LAN
Access points are placed for node access
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IEEE are various standards
Security is accomplished with filtered MAC addresses of the wireless NICs and encryption
Wireless LANs (continued)
Token Ring and FDDI Older technology
Transmits at 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps
Star ring topology
Workstations contain Token Ring LAN card
Universal Data Connector or IBM Data Connector
FDDI provides data transfer at 100/1000Mbps
How NICs Work
Internal NIC Plugs into the motherboard
Provides ports for connection to a network
External NIC can use a PC Card slot or a USB port
Network Card and device drivers are the only components in PC aware of the type of physical network being used
How NICs Work (continued)
How NICs Work
Different networks have different ways of identifying network nodes
Media Access Control (MAC) address
Ethernet, WLAN and Token Ring
6 byte hex addresses unique to card
Also called hardware, physical, adapter or Ethernet addresses
Segmenting a Network
Bridge Routes traffic
Learns more information as it is used
Will broadcast packets
Switch Also uses table of MAC addresses of devices
attached to it
Does not broadcast packets
Windows on a Network
Small network (10 or less PCs) can be peer-to-peer
Windows peer-to-peer is a workgroup
Large networks use client/server model
Windows network use domain controller
The network model is the domain
Windows on a Network (continued)
TCP/IP used on the Internet, should be used if you want an Internet connection
IPX/SPX is an NWLink protocol for Novell NetWare operating system
NetBEUI is a proprietary Windows protocol used only by Windows computers
Addressing on a Network
MAC address
IP address
Character-based names
Port address
IP Addresses
Four sets of four numbers separated by periods
Each set is called an octet representing 8 bits
First part identifies the network
Last part identifies the host
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP
Get information from network administrator
Dynamic or static IP
If static, identify IP addresses, subnet mask, and default gateway
DNS information
Proxy server information
Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP
To set TCP/IP properties
Windows XP: open Network Connections
Windows 2000: open Network and Dial-up Connection
Right-click Local Area Connection
Select Properties
Select TCP/IP and click Properties
Installing a Wireless NIC
Use NIC’s configuration software to specify wireless parameters
Range between access point and computer is determined by wireless technology
Higher speed, shorter range
Installing a Wireless NIC (continued)
Configuration settings Mode
SSID
Tx Rate
PS Mode
Encryption
TCP/IP or NetBEUI
Troubleshooting a Network Connection
Symptoms of NIC problems
Connection cannot be made to the network
My Network Places or Network Neighborhood does not show any other computers on the network
Error message while installing the NIC drivers
Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)
Device Manager with a yellow exclamation point or a red X beside name of the NIC
No lights showing a physical connection between the NIC and the network
Problem with the network cable, the card, or the hub
Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)
Some NIC solutions Check other computers on network Make sure the NIC and drivers are installed For a legacy network card, the problem might be
an IRQ conflict Check network cables Try a different port on the hub Check motherboard BIOS version Check for user ID and password
Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued)
Test TCP/IP configuration and connectivity
To display a working TCP/IP configuration: Windows NT/2000/XP: enter ipconfig/all at the command
prompt
Windows 9x: enter winipcfg in the Run dialog box
This will display the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway along with adapter address
Connecting Networks
Routers
Responsible for data traveling across interconnected networks
Routers that connect networks belong to more than one network
Brouter functions as bridge and router
Bandwidth Technologies
Bandwidth - how much data can travel over a given communication system in a given amount of time
Measured in bits per second (bps), or thousands of bits per second (Kbps) or millions of bits per second (Mbps)
Bandwidth Technologies (continued)
Bandwidth Technologies (continued)
Bandwidth Technologies (continued)
Summary Different types of physical network
architectures
Networking with Windows
Installing a network card and network protocol using Windows
Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections
How to connect networks to each other