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8/3/2019 CCNA Exp3 - Chapter01 - Lan Design
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Chapter 1: LAN Design
CCNA Ex loration 4.0
Please purchase apersonal license.
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Overview
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Hierarchical Network Model
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Switched LANs, access layer overview
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• The hierarchical design model includes the following 3 layers:1. The access layer provides users in workgroups access to the
network.
2. The distribution layer provides policy-based connectivity.3. The core layer provides optimal transport between sites.
• The core layer is often referred to as the backbone.• By separating the various functions that exist on a network, the
network design becomes modular, which facilitates scalability and
performance
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Access Layer
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• The main purpose of the access layer is to provide a means ofconnecting devices to the network and controlling which devices areallowed to communicate on the network.
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Access layer switches
• Access layer switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model and provideservices such as VLAN membership.
• Access layer functions also include MAC layer filtering and microsegmentation.
– MAC layer filtering allows switches to direct frames only to the switch portthat is connected to the destination device.
– The switch creates small Layer 2 segments called microsegments. Thecollision domain can be as small as two devices
• An access layer switch should provide this functionality with low cost and high
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por ens y.
– Catalyst 1900 series
– Catalyst 2820 series
– Catalyst 2950 series
– Catalyst 4000 series
– Catalyst 5000 series
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Distribution Layer
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• The distribution layer controls the flow of network traffic using policies anddelineates broadcast domains by performing routing functions between virtualLANs (VLANs) defined at the access layer. – VLANs allow you to segment the traffic on a switch into separate
subnetworks.
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Extra:Distribution Layer
• The ur ose of this la er is to rovide a boundar definition in which acket
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manipulation can take place.• Networks are segmented into broadcast domains by this layer.
• Policies can be applied and access control lists can filter packets.
• The distribution layer also prevents problems from affecting the core layer.
• Switches in this layer operate at Layer 2 and Layer 3.
• The distribution layer includes several functions such as the following: – Aggregation of the wiring closet connections
– Broadcast/multicast domain definition
– Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing
– Any media transitions that need to occur – Security
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Distribution layer switches
•
2926G6500
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switches.• The switch must be able to accommodate the total amount of traffic from the
access layer devices.
• The distribution layer combines VLAN traffic and is a focal point for policydecisions about traffic flow.
• For these reasons distribution layer switches operate at both Layer 2 andLayer 3.
• The following Cisco switches are suitable for the distribution layer:
– Catalyst 2926G
– Catalyst 5000 family
– Catalyst 6000 family
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Extra:Core Layer
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• The core layer is a high-speed switching backbone.
• If they do not have an associated router module, an external router isused for the Layer 3 function.
• This layer of the network design should not perform any packet
manipulation.• Packet manipulation, such as access list filtering, would slow down the
switching of packets.
• Providing a core infrastructure with redundant alternate paths givesstability to the network in the event of a single device failure.
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A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business
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A Hierarchical Network in a Medium-Sized Business
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Benefits of a Hierarchical Network
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Hierarchical Network DesignPrinciples
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Network Diameter
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Bandwidth Aggregation
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Extra: EtherChannel
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Redundancy
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Extra: High Availability
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Extra: High Availability
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Extra: High Availability
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What is a Converged Network ?
Small and medium-sized businesses are embracing theidea of running voice and video services on their data
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.
(VoIP) affect a hierarchical network.
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Advanced Technology
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• One benefit of a converged network is that there is just one network tomanage.
• Another benefit is lower implementation and management costs.
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New Options
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• You can accomplish the same function using special softwareintegrated with a personal computer. Softphones, such as the Cisco IPCommunicator, offer a lot of flexibility for businesses.
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Extra: Cisco IP Communicator
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• Cisco IP Communicator—a software-based application that deliversenhanced telephony support through the PC —is designed to meetdiverse customer needs by serving as a supplemental telephone when
traveling, a telecommuting device, or as a primary desktop telephone.• With Cisco IP Communicator, remote users don't just take their office
extension with them; they also enjoy access to the same familiar phoneservices that they have in the office.
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Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks
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Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks
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Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks
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Separate Voice, Video and Data Networks
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• Using a properly designed hierarchical network, and implementing QoSpolicies that prioritize the audio data, voice data can be converged ontoan existing data network with little to no impact on audio, video quality.
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Traffic Flow Analysis
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• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/nmp/netflow/partners/freeware/index.shtml
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User Communities Analysis
User communityanalysis is the processof identifying various
groupings of users and
their impact on networkperformance
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User Communities Analysis
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Data Stores and Data Servers Analysis
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Topology Diagrams
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Extra: Server Placement
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• An enterprise server supports all the users on the network by offeringservices, such as e-mail or Domain Name System (DNS) that everyone in anorganization would need because it is a centralized function.
• A workgroup server supports a specific set of users, offering services such asword processing and file sharing.
• Enterprise servers should be placed in the main distribution facility (MDF).• Workgroup servers should be placed in the intermediate distribution
facilities (IDFs) closest to the users accessing the applications on theseservers.
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S it h F F t
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Switch Form Factors
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Port Density
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Port Density
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Forwarding Rates
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Forwarding Rates
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Link Aggregation
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Link Aggregation
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Power over Ethernet
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Power over Ethernet
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Power over Ethernet (PoE)allows the switch to deliver
power to a device over theexisting Ethernet cabling
Layer 3 Functions
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Layer 3 Functions
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Access Layer Switch Features
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Access Layer Switch Features
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Distribution Layer Switch Features
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Distribution Layer Switch Features
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Core Layer Switch Features
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Core Layer Switch Features
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Switches for SMB
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Switches for SMB
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• Activity 1.2.4.1
Test your knowledge
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Test your knowledge
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Activity 1.2.4.2
Test your knowledge
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Test your knowledge
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Summary
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Summary
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