CCNA Dis1 - Chapter02 - Operating System [Compatibility Mode]

8/3/2019 CCNA Dis1 - Chapter02 - Operating System [Compatibility Mode]

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Chapter 2 - Operating Systems

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Objectives

Describe the purpose of an OS and identify commonoperating systems available.

Perform an actual or simulated installation of an operatingsystem and prepare the computer to participate on the

network. Maintain the operating system

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Purpose of an Operating System

Operating System is a special type of computer program that helpssystem components and peripherals to work together to perform aspecific task.




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The OS acts like a translator between user applications and thehardware.

When a computer is powered on, it loads the OS, normally from a diskdrive, into RAM.

The portion of the OS code that interacts directly with the computer

hardware is known as the kernel. The portion that interfaces with the applications and user, is known as

the shell. The user can interact with the shell using either the commandline interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI).




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Hardware




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Kernel




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Shell




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Operating systems have complete control of local hardware resources.2.1.1.3




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Operating System Requirements




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Operating System Requirements

Operating systems require a certain amount of hardware resources.These resources are specified by the manufacturer and include suchthings as:

Amount of RAM

Hard disk space required

Processor type and speed Video resolution




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Operating System Selection

The first step in selecting an OS is to ensure that the OS beingconsidered fully supports the requirements of the end user.

Next, conduct research to make sure that sufficient hardwareresources are available to support the OS.

Another consideration is the level of human resources needed to

support the OS




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Operating System Selection




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OS Installation Methods




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OS Installation Methods

Clean Install A clean install is done on a new system or in cases where no

upgrade path exists between the current OS and the one beinginstalled.

Upgrade

If staying within the same OS platform, it is often possible to do anupgrade

Multi-boot It is possible to install more than one OS on a computer to create a

multi-boot system

Virtualization Virtualization is a technique that is often deployed on servers. It

enables multiple copies of an OS to be run on a single set ofhardware, thus creating many virtual machines




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Preparing for OS Installation

A pre-installation checklist helps ensure that the installation process issuccessful.

1. Verify that all hardware is certified to work with the selected OS.

2. Verify that the hardware resources meet or exceed the published

minimum requirements.

3. Confirm that the appropriate installation medium is available.

4. If the OS is to be installed on a system that already contains data:(a) Use system diagnostic tools and utilities to ensure the current OSinstallation is in good condition, free of malicious or damaging files andcodes; (b) Complete a full backup of all important files.

5. If performing a clean-install, verify that all application software isavailable for installation.




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Preparing for OS Installation

Before starting the installation, it is necessary to determine the partitionstructure that best meets user requirements.

Commonly used file systems include FAT16/32, NTFS, HPFS, ext2,ext3




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Configuring a Computer for the Network




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Configuring a Computer for the Network

Manual IP Configuration Dynamic IP Configuration




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Computer Naming




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Network Name and Address Planning

As a network grows in size and complexity, it becomes increasinglyimportant that it is well planned, logically organized and welldocumented.

Help with troubleshooting when problems arise.




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Why and When to Apply Patches

A patch is a piece of program code that can correct a problem orenhance the functionality of an application program or OS. They areusually provided by the manufacturer to repair a known vulnerability orreported problem.

it is important to keep it up to date with the latest patches.




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Applying OS Patches

Options for downloading and installing updates include: Automatic installation Prompt for Permission Manual




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Applications Patches and Updates

Patches are usually released by the manufacturer, to repair a detectedvulnerability in the application that could lead to undesirable behavior

OS and applications patches are generally found through themanufacturer's website. The installation process may requestpermission to install the update and to verify that any supportingsoftware is present.




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Summary

An operating system is the most important software in a PC. It isresponsible for making all of the components and software applicationswork together.

An OS is installed in a disk partition. To participate in a network, a computer requires an IP address, subnet

mask and default gateway. An OS must be kept up-to-date with the latest revisions, or patches. Before installing a wireless network an installation plan should be

created.




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CCNA Dis1 - Chapter02 - Operating System [Compatibility Mode]