CCIE Study sheets

9803xg.fm Page 2 Friday, October 23, 2009 3:33 PM

A

P

P

E

N

D

I

X

G

Key Tables for CCIE Study

Chapter 1

Table 1-2

Ethernet Cabling Types

Type of Cable Pinouts Key Pins Connected

Straight-through

Cross-over

Table 1-3

Ethernet Header Fields

Field Description

Preamble (DIX)

Preamble and Start of Frame Delimiter (802.3)

Type (or Protocol Type) (DIX)

Length (802.3)

Destination Service Access Point (802.2)

Source Service Access Point (802.2)

Control (802.2)


4 Appendix G: Key Tables for CCIE Study

Organizationally Unique Identifier (SNAP)

Type (SNAP)

Table 1-4

Three Types of Ethernet/MAC Address

Type of Ethernet/MAC

Address Description and Notes

Unicast

Broadcast

Multicast

Table 1-5

I/G and U/L Bits

Field Meaning

I/G

U/L

Table 1-6

Ethernet Type Fields

Type Field Description

Protocol Type

DSAP

SNAP

Table 1-3

Ethernet Header Fields


Chapter 1 5

Table 1-8

Ethernet Standards

Type of Ethernet General Description

10BASE5

10BASE2

10BASE-T

DIX Ethernet Version 2

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.2

IEEE 802.3u

IEEE 802.3z

IEEE 802.3ab

Table 1-9

Switch Internal Processing

Switching Method Description

Store-and-forward

Cut-through

Fragment-free



Chapter 2

Table 2-2

Private VLAN Communications Between Ports

Description of Who Can Talk to

Whom

Primary VLAN

Ports

Community VLAN

Ports

1

Isolated

VLAN Ports

1

Talk to ports in primary VLAN (promiscuous ports)

Talk to ports in the same secondary VLAN (host ports)

Talks to ports in another secondary VLAN

Table 2-3

VTP Modes and Features

Function

Server

Mode

Client

Mode Transparent Mode

Originates VTP advertisements

Processes received advertisements to update its VLAN configuration

Forwards received VTP advertisements

Saves VLAN configuration in NVRAM or vlan.dat

Can create, modify, or delete VLANs using configuration commands

Table 2-4

VTP Configuration Options

Option Meaning

domain

password

mode

version


Chapter 2 7

pruning

interface

Table 2-5

Valid VLAN Numbers, Normal and Extended

VLAN Number

Normal or

Extended?

Can Be Advertised

and Pruned by VTP

Versions 1 and 2? Comments

0

1

2–1001

1002–1005

1006–4094

Table 2-6

VLAN Configuration and Storage

Function When in VTP Server Mode

When in VTP Transparent

Mode

Normal-range VLANs can be configured from

Extended-range VLANs can be configured from

VTP and normal-range VLAN configuration commands are stored in

Extended-range VLAN configuration commands stored in

Table 2-4

VTP Configuration Options

Option Meaning



Table 2-7

Comparing ISL and 802.1Q

Feature ISL 802.1Q

VLANs supported

Protocol defined by

Encapsulates original frame or inserts tag

Supports native VLAN

Table 2-9

Trunking Configuration Options That Lead to a Working Trunk

Configuration Command on

One Side

1

Short Name Meaning

To Trunk, Other

Side Must Be

switchport mode trunk

switchport mode trunk

;

switchport nonegotiate

switchport mode dynamic desirable

switchport mode dynamic auto

switchport mode access

switchport mode access

;

switchport nonegotiate


Chapter 3 9

Chapter 3

Table 3-2

Three Major 802.1d STP Process Steps

Major Step Description

Elect the root switch

Determine each switch’s Root Port

Determine the Designated Port for each segment

Table 3-3

Default Port Costs According to IEEE 802.1d

Speed of Ethernet Original IEEE Cost Revised IEEE Cost

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

10 Gbps

Table 3-4

IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Interface States

State

Forwards Data

Frames?

Learn Source MACs of

Received Frames? Transitory or Stable State?

Blocking

Listening

Learning

Forwarding

Disabled



Table 3-5

PortFast, UplinkFast, and BackboneFast

Feature Requirements for Use How Convergence Is Optimized

PortFast

UplinkFast

BackboneFast

Table 3-7

PAgP and LACP Configuration Settings and Recommendations

PAgP Setting LACP 802.1AD Setting Action

On On

Off Off

Auto Passive

Desirable Active

Table 3-8

RSTP Link Types

Link Type Description

Point to point

Shared

Edge


Chapter 3 11

Table 3-9

RSTP and STP Port States

Administrative State STP State (802.1d) RSTP State (802.1w)

Disabled

Blocking

Listening

Learning

Forwarding

Table 3-10

RSTP and STP Port Roles

RSTP Role Definition

Root Port

Designated Port

Alternate Port

Backup Port

Table 3-12

Protocols and Standards for Chapter 3

Name Standards Body

RSTP

MST

STP

LACP

Dot1Q trunking

PVST+

RPVST+

PagP



Chapter 4

Table 3-13

IEEE 802.1d STP Timers

Timer Default Purpose

Hello

Forward Delay

Maxage

Table 4-2

Classful Network Review

Class of

Address

Size of Network

and Host Parts of

the Addresses

Range of

First Octet

Values

Default Mask for

Each Class of

Network

Identifying Bits at

Beginning of

Address

A

B

C

D

E

Table 4-12

RFC 1918 Private Address Space

Range of IP Addresses Class of Networks Number of Networks

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Table 4-13

NAT Terminology

Name

Location of Host Represented by

Address

IP Address Space in Which Address

Exists

Inside Local address

Inside Global address

Outside Local address


Chapter 4 13

Name

Location of Host Represented by

Address

IP Address Space in Which Address

Exists

Outside Global address

Table 4-14

Variations on NAT

Name Function

Static NAT

Dynamic NAT

Dynamic NAT with overload (PAT)

NAT for overlapping address

Table 4-15


Name Standardized In

IP

Subnetting

NAT

Private addressing

CIDR

Table 4-17

IP Header Fields

Field Meaning

Version

Header Length

Table 4-13

NAT Terminology



Field Meaning

DS Field

Packet Length

Identification

Flags

Fragment Offset

Time to Live (TTL)

Protocol

Header Checksum

Source IP Address

Destination IP Address

Optional Header Fields and Padding

Table 4-18

IP Protocol Field Values

Protocol Name Protocol Number

ICMP

TCP

UDP

EIGRP

OSPF

PIM

Table 4-17

IP Header Fields


Chapter 5 15

Chapter 5

Table 5-2

Comparing RARP, BOOTP, and DHCP

Feature RARP BOOTP DHCP

Relies on server to allocate IP addresses

Encapsulates messages inside IP and UDP, so they can be forwarded to a remote server

Client can discover its own mask, gateway, DNS, and download server

Dynamic address assignment from a pool of IP addresses, without requiring knowledge of client MACs

Allows temporary lease of IP address

Includes extensions for registering client’s FQDN with a DNS

Table 5-3

SNMP Version Summaries

SNMP Version Description

1

2

2c

3

Table 5-4

SNMP Protocol Messages (RFCs 1157 and 1905)

Message Initial Version

Response Message Typically Sent By Main Purpose

Get

GetNext



Message Initial Version

Response Message Typically Sent By Main Purpose

GetBulk

Response

Set

Trap

Inform

Table 5-5



ARP

Proxy ARP

RARP

BOOTP

DHCP

DHCP FQDN option

HSRP

VRRP

GLBP

Table 5-4

SNMP Protocol Messages (RFCs 1157 and 1905)


Chapter 6 17

Chapter 6

CDP

NTP

Syslog

SNMP Version 1

SNMP Version 2

SNMP Version 2c

SNMP Version 3

Table 6-2

Matching Logic and Load-Balancing Options for Each Switching Path

Switching PathTables that Hold theForwarding Information Load-Balancing Method

Process switching

Fast switching

CEF

Table 6-3

Facts and Behavior Related to InARP

Fact/Behavior Point-to-Point Multipoint or Physical

Does InARP require LMI?

Is InARP enabled by default?

Can InARP be disabled?

Ignores received InARP messages?

Table 5-5





Chapter 7

Table 6-5

MLS Layer 3 Interfaces

Interface Forwarding to Adjacent Device Configuration Requirements

VLAN interface

Physical (routed) interface

PortChannel (switched) interface

PortChannel (routed) interface

Table 6-7



Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Frame Relay Inverse ARP (InARP)

Frame Relay Multiprotocol Encapsulation

Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

Table 7-2

EIGRP Feature Summary

Feature Description

Transport

Metric

Hello interval

Hold timer


Chapter 7 19

Update destination address

Full or partial updates

Authentication

VLSM/classless

Route Tags

Next-hop field

Manual route summarization

Multiprotocol

Table 7-3

EIGRP Features Related to Convergence

EIGRP Convergence Function Description

Reported distance (RD)

Feasible distance (FD)

Feasibility condition

Successor route

Feasible successor (FS)

Input event

Local computation

Table 7-2

EIGRP Feature Summary

Feature Description



Table 7-4

Options on the

eigrp stub Command

Option This Router Is Allowed To. . .

connected

summary

static

redistributed

receive-only

Table 7-5 EIGRP Route Load-Balancing Commands

Router EIGRP

Subcommand Meaning

variance

maximum-paths {1..6}

traffic-share balanced

traffic-share min

traffic-share min across-interfaces

No traffic-share command configured

Table 7-7 EIGRP Message Summary

EIGRP

Packet Purpose

Hello

Update

Ack

Query


Chapter 8 21

Chapter 8

1 Default on Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces.

2 Default on Frame Relay physical and multipoint subinterfaces.

Reply

Goodbye

Table 8-2 OSPF Messages

Message Description

Hello

Database Description (DD or DBD)

Link-State Request (LSR)

Link-State Update (LSU)

Link-State Acknowledgement (LSAck)

Table 8-3 OSPF Network Types

Interface Type

Uses

DR/

BDR?

Default

Hello

Interval

Requires a

neighbor

Command?

More than Two Hosts

Allowed in the Subnet?

Broadcast

Point-to-point1

Nonbroadcast2 (NBMA)

Point-to-multipoint

Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast

Loopback

Table 7-7 EIGRP Message Summary

EIGRP

Packet Purpose



Table 8-4 OSPF LSA Types

LSA

Type Common Name Description

1 Router

2 Network

3 Net Summary

4 ASBR Summary

5 AS External

6 Group Membership

7 NSSA External

8 External Attributes

9–11 Opaque

Table 8-5 OSPF Stubby Area Types

Area Type

Stops Injection of

Type 5 LSAs?

Stops Injection of

Type 3 LSAs?

Allows Creation of Type 7 LSAs

Inside the Area?

Stub

Totally stubby

Not-so-stubby area (NSSA)

Totally NSSA

Table 8-6 Stub Area Configuration Options

Stub Type Router OSPF Subcommand

NSSA

Totally NSSA

Stub

Totally stubby


Chapter 8 23

Table 8-7 OSPF Authentication Types

Type Meaning

Enabling Interface

Subcommand

Authentication Key Configuration Interface

Subcommand

0

1

2

Table 8-8 Effect of the area authentication Command on OSPF Interface Authentication Settings

area authentication Command Interfaces in That Area Default to Use. . .

Type 0

Type 1

Type 2

Table 8-9 Configuring OSPF Authentication on Virtual Links

Type Command Syntax for Virtual Links

0

1

2

Table 8-10 Protocols and Corresponding Standards for Chapter 8

Name Standard

OSPF Version 2

The OSPF Opaque LSA Option

The OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) Option

OSPF Stub Router Advertisement

Traffic Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2

Graceful OSPF Restart



Table 8-12 OSPF Timer Summary

Timer Meaning

MaxAge

LSRefresh

Hello

Dead

Wait

Retransmission

Inactivity

Poll Interval

Flood (Pacing)

Retransmission (Pacing)

Lsa-group (Pacing)

Table 8-13 OSPF Neighbor States

State Meaning

Down

Attempt

Init

2WAY


Chapter 9 25

Chapter 9

ExStart

Exchange

Loading

Full

Table 8-14 OSPF Numeric Ranges

Setting Range of Values

Single interface cost

Complete route cost

Infinite route cost

Reference bandwidth (units: Mbps)

OSPF PID

Table 9-6 Administrative Distances

Route Type Administrative Distance

Connected

Static

EIGRP summary route

EBGP

EIGRP (internal)

IGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

RIP

EIGRP (external)

iBGP

Unreachable

Table 8-13 OSPF Neighbor States

State Meaning



* OSPF uses cost 20 when redistributing from an IGP, and cost 1 when redistributing from BGP.

* For E2 routes whose metric ties, OSPF also checks the cost to the advertising ASBR.

Table 9-7 Default Metrics and Route Metric Types in IGP Route Redistribution

IGP into Which Routes Are Redistributed

Default Metric Default (and Possible) Metric Types

RIP

EIGRP

OSPF

IS-IS

Table 9-8 IGP Order of Precedence for Choosing Routes Before Considering the Metric

IGP Order of Precedence of Metric

RIP

EIGRP

OSPF

IS-IS L1, L2, external

Table 9-9 OSPF Route Summarization Commands

Where Used Command

ASBR

ABR

Table 9-10 Four Methods for Learning Default Routes

Feature RIP EIGRP OSPF

Static route to 0.0.0.0, with the redistribute static command

The default-information originate command

The ip default-network command

Using summary routes


Chapter 10 27

Chapter 10

*Cisco changed the IOS default for BGP auto-summary to be disabled as of Cisco IOS Software Release 12.3.

Table 10-2 BGP Neighbor Summary Table

BGP Feature Description and Values

TCP port

Setting the keepalive interval and hold time (using the bgp timers keepalive holdtime router subcommand or neighbor timers command, per neighbor)

What makes a neighbor internal BGP (iBGP)?

What makes a neighbor external BGP (eBGP)?

How is the source IP address used to reach a neighbor determined?

Defined with the neighbor update-source command; or, by default, uses the outgoing interface IP address for the route used to reach the neighbor

How is the destination IP address used to reach a neighbor determined?

Explicitly defined on the neighbor command

Auto-summary* Off by default, enabled with auto-summary router subcommand

Neighbor authentication MD5 only, using the neighbor password command

Table 10-3 BGP Neighbor States

State

Listen for

TCP?

Initiate

TCP?

TCP

Up?

Open

Sent?

Open

Received? Neighbor Up?

Idle

Connect

Active



*NEXT_HOP is a BGP PA that denotes the next-hop IP address that should be used to reach the NLRI.

Open sent

Open confirm

Established

Table 10-4 BGP Message Types

Message Purpose

Open

Keepalive

Update

Notification

Table 10-5 Key Features of the BGP network Command

Feature Implication

No mask is configured

Matching logic with no auto-summary configured

Matching logic with auto-summary configured

NEXT_HOP of BGP route added to the BGP table*

Maximum number injected by the network command into one BGP process

Purpose of the route-map option on the network command

Table 10-3 BGP Neighbor States

State

Listen for

TCP?

Initiate

TCP?

TCP

Up?

Open

Sent?

Open

Received? Neighbor Up?


Chapter 10 29

*Rule is relaxed or changed as a result of using route reflectors or confederations.

Table 10-6 Summary: Injecting Summary Routes in BGP

Command

Component Subnets

Removed Routes It Can Summarize

auto-summary (with redistribution)

aggregate-address

auto-summary (with the network command)

Table 10-7 BGP ORIGIN Codes

ORIGIN Code

Cisco IOS

Notation

Used for Routes Injected Due to the Following

Commands

IGP i

EGP e

Incomplete ?

Table 10-8 Summary of Rules Regarding Which Routes BGP Does Not Include in an Update

iBGP and/or eBGP Routes Not Taken from the BGP Table

Routes that are not considered “best”

Routes matched by a deny clause in an outbound BGP filter

iBGP-learned routes*

Routes whose AS_PATH includes the ASN of the eBGP peer to which a BGP Update will be sent

Table 10-9 Conditions for Changing the NEXT_HOP PA

Type of

Neighbor Default Action for Advertised Routes

Command to Switch to

Other Behavior

iBGP

eBGP



Table 10-10 BGP Subcommands Used for Confederations

Purpose Command

Define a router’s sub-AS

Define the true AS

To identify a neighboring AS as another sub-AS

Table 10-11 Types of Neighbors to Which Prefixes Are Reflected

Location from Which a

Prefix Is Learned

Are Routes Advertised to

Clients?

Are Routes Advertised to

Nonclients?

Client

Nonclient

eBGP

Table 10-13 BGP PAs

Path Attribute Description Characteristics

AS_PATH

NEXT_HOP

AGGREGATOR

ATOMIC_AGGREGATE

ORIGIN

Path Attribute

ORIGINATOR_ID

CLUSTER_LIST


Chapter 11 31

Chapter 11

Table 10-14 Summary: Methods to Introduce Entries into the BGP Table

Method Summary Description

network command

Redistribution

Manual summarization

default-information originate

neighbor default-originate

Table 11-2 NLRI Filtering Tools

BGP Subcommand

Commands

Referenced by

neighbor Command What Can Be Matched

neighbor distribute-list (standard ACL)

access-list, ip access-list

neighbor distribute-list (extended ACL)

access-list, ip access-list

neighbor prefix-list ip prefix-list

neighbor filter-list ip as-path access-list

neighbor route-map route-map

Table 11-3 AS_PATH Segment Types

Component Description

Delimiters

Between ASNs

Character

Enclosing the

Segment

AS_SEQUENCE

AS_SET



1 Not advertised outside the confederation.

1 If preceded by a value in parentheses, the logic applies to the preceding string listed inside the parentheses, and not just to the preceding character.

2 This character is an underscore.

AS_CONFED_SEQ1

AS_CONFED_SET1

Table 11-4 Regex Metacharacters Useful for AS_PATH Matching

Metacharacter Meaning

^

$

|

_

.

?

*

+

(string)

[string]

Table 11-5 Example AS_PATH Regex and Their Meanings

Example Regex What Type of AS_PATH It Would Match

.*

^$

Table 11-3 AS_PATH Segment Types

Component Description

Delimiters

Between ASNs

Character

Enclosing the

Segment


Chapter 11 33

^123$

^123

^123.

^123+_

^123*

^123*_

^123?

^123_45$

^123_.*_45$

^123_.*45

(^123_45$)|(^123_.*_45$)

^123_45$|^123_.*_45$

^123(_[0..9]+)*_45





^{123

[(]303.*[)]

Table 11-6 Definitions of Path Attribute Classification Terms

Term

All BGP Software

Implementations

Must Support It

Must Be Sent

in Each BGP

Update

Silently Forwarded If Not

Supported

Well-known mandatory

Well-known discretionary

Optional transitive

Optional nontransitive

Table 11-9 Proprietary Features and BGP Path Attributes that Affect the BGP Decision Process

PA/Other Description BGP PA Type

NEXT_HOP

Weight1

LOCAL_PREF

AS_PATH length

ORIGIN

MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED)

Neighbor Type1




Chapter 11 35

1 This value is not a BGP PA.

IGP metric to reach

NEXT_HOP1

BGP RID1

Table 11-10 Key Features of Administrative Weight

Feature Description

Is it a PA?

Purpose

Scope

Default

Changing the defaults

Range

Which is best?

Configuration

Table 11-11 Key Features of LOCAL_PREF

Feature Description

PA?

Purpose

Scope

Default

Changing the default

Range

Table 11-9 Proprietary Features and BGP Path Attributes that Affect the BGP Decision Process

PA/Other Description BGP PA Type



Which is best?

Configuration

Table 11-12 Features that Impact the Total Number of ASs in the AS_PATH Length Calculation

Feature Description

AS_SET

Confederations

aggregate-address command

neighbor remove-private-as command

neighbor local-as no-prepend command

AS_PATH prepending

bgp bestpath as-path ignore command

Table 11-13 Key Features of MED

Feature Description

Is it a PA?

Purpose

Table 11-11 Key Features of LOCAL_PREF

Feature Description


Chapter 11 37

1 LOCAL_AS is the Cisco term; RFC 1997 defines this value as NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED.

Scope

Default

Changing the default

Range

Which is best?

Configuration

Table 11-15 Comparing Standard and Extended Community List

Feature Standard Extended

List numbers

Can match multiple communities in a single command?

Can match the COMMUNITY PA with regular expressions

More than 16 lines in a single list?

Table 11-16 COMMUNITY Values Used Specifically for NLRI Filtering

Name Value Meaning

NO_EXPORT FFFF:FF01

NO_ADVERT FFFF:FF02

LOCAL_AS1 FFFF:FF03

Table 11-13 Key Features of MED

Feature Description



Chapter 12

*The terms “CS0” and “Default” both refer to a binary DSCP of 000000, but most Cisco IOS commands allow only the keyword “default” to represent this value.

Table 12-2 IP Precedence Values and Names

Name Decimal Value Binary Value

Routine

Priority

Immediate

Flash

Flash Override

Critic/Critical

Internetwork Control

Network Control

Table 12-3 Default and Class Selector DSCP Values

DSCP Class Selector Names

Binary DSCP Values

IPP Binary Values IPP Names

Default/CS0*

CS1

CS2

CS3

CS4

CS5

CS6

CS7

Table 12-4 Assured Forwarding DSCP Values: Names, Binary Values, and Decimal Values

Queue Class Low Drop Probability Medium Drop Probability High Drop Probability


Chapter 12 39

1

2

4

5

Table 12-5 Marking Field Summary

Field Location Length

IP Precedence (IPP)

IP DSCP

DS field

ToS byte

CoS

Discard Eligible (DE)

Cell Loss Priority (CLP)

MPLS Experimental

Table 12-7 set Configuration Command Reference for CB Marking

Command Function

set [ip] precedence ip-precedence-value

set [ip] dscp ip-dscp-value

set cos cos-value

set qos-group group-id

set atm-clp

set fr-de

Table 12-4 Assured Forwarding DSCP Values: Names, Binary Values, and Decimal Values

Queue Class Low Drop Probability Medium Drop Probability High Drop Probability



Also note that Cisco recommends not to use more than four or five different service classes for data traffic. By using more classes, the difference in behavior between the various classes tends to blur. For the same reason, do not give too many data service classes high-priority service

Chapter 13

Table 12-9 RFC-Recommended Values for Marking

Type of Traffic CoS IPP DSCP

Voice payload

Video payload

Voice/video signaling

Mission-critical data

Transactional data

Bulk data

Best effort

Scavenger (less than best effort)

Table 12-10 Where to Use the qos pre-classify Command

Configuration Command Under Which qos pre-classify Is Configured VPN Type

interface tunnel

interface virtual-template

crypto map

Table 13-2 Key Comparison Points for Queuing Tools

Feature Definition

Classification

Drop policy

Scheduling

Maximum number of queues

Maximum queue length


Chapter 13 41

1 WFQ can be used in the class-default queue or in all CBWFQ queues in 7500 series routers.

Table 13-3 CBWFQ Functions and Features

CBWFQ Feature Description

Classification

Drop policy

Number of queues

Maximum queue length

Scheduling inside a single queue

Scheduling among all queues

Table 13-5 Reference for CBWFQ Bandwidth Reservation

MethodAmount of Bandwidth Reserved by the bandwidth Command

The Sum of Values in a Single Policy Map Must Be <= . . .

Explicit bandwidth

Percent

Remaining percent

Table 13-6 Queuing Protocol Comparison

Feature CBWFQ LLQ

Includes a strict-priority queue

Polices priority queues to prevent starvation

Reserves bandwidth per queue

Includes robust set of classification fields

Classifies based on flows

Supports RSVP

Maximum number of queues



Chapter 14

Table 13-7 WRED Discard Categories

Average Queue Depth Versus Thresholds Action

WRED Name for Action

Average < minimum threshold

Minimum threshold < average depth < maximum threshold

Average depth > maximum threshold

Table 14-2 Shaping Terminology

Term Definition

Tc

Bc

CIR

Shaped rate

Be

Table 14-3 CB Shaping Calculation of Default Variable Settings

Variable Rate <= 320 kbps Rate > 320 kbps

Bc

Be

Tc


Chapter 14 43

Table 14-4 Policing Actions Used CB Policing

Command Option Mode and Function

drop

set-dscp-transmit

set-prec-transmit

set-qos-transmit

set-clp-transmit

set-fr-de

transmit

Table 14-5 Single-Rate, Two-Color Policing Logic for Categorizing Packets

Category Requirements Tokens Drained from Bucket

Conform

Exceed

Table 14-6 Single-Rate Three-Color Policing Logic for Categorizing Packets


Conform

Exceed

Violate

Table 14-7 Two-Rate, Three-Color Policing Logic for Categorizing Packets


Conform

Exceed

Violate



Chapter 15

Table 14-8 Setting CB Policing Bc and Be Defaults

Type of Policing Configuration Telltale Signs in the police Command Defaults

Single rate, two color

Single rate, three color

Dual rate, three color

Table 15-2 HDLC and PPP Comparisons

Feature HDLC PPP

Error detection?

Error recovery?

Standard Protocol Type field?

Default on IOS serial links?

Supports synchronous and asynchronous links?

Table 15-3 PPP LCP Features

Function Description

Link Quality Monitoring (LQM)

Looped link detection

Layer 2 load balancing

Authentication

Table 15-4 Point-to-Point Payload Compression Tools: Feature Comparison

Feature Stacker MPPC Predictor

Uses LZ algorithm?

Uses Predictor algorithm?


Chapter 15 45

Supported on HDLC?

Supported on PPP?

Supported on Frame Relay?

Supports ATM and ATM-to-Frame Relay Service Interworking (using MLP)?

Table 15-5 Frame Relay LMI Types

LMI Type Source DocumentCisco IOS lmi-type Parameter

Allowed DLCI Range (Number)

LMI DLCI

Cisco

ANSI

ITU

Table 15-6 Frame Relay FECN, BECN, and DE Summary

Bit Meaning When Set Where Set

FECN

BECN

DE

Table 15-8 Comparing Legacy and Interface FRF.12

Feature Legacy FRF.12 FRF.12 on the Interface

Requires FRTS?

Interleaves by feeding Dual FIFO interface high queue from a shaping PQ?

Interleaves by using either Dual FIFO or a configured LLQ policy-map on the physical interface.

Config mode for the frame-relay fragment command.

Table 15-4 Point-to-Point Payload Compression Tools: Feature Comparison

Feature Stacker MPPC Predictor



Chapter 16

Table 16-2 Some Well-Known Reserved Multicast Addresses

Address Usage

224.0.0.1

224.0.0.2

224.0.0.4

224.0.0.5

224.0.0.6

224.0.0.9

224.0.0.10

224.0.0.13

224.0.0.22

224.0.0.25

224.0.1.39

224.0.1.40

Table 16-3 Multicast Address Ranges and Their Use

Multicast Address Range Usage

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255

224.0.1.0 to 224.0.1.255

232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255


Chapter 16 47

233.0.0.0 to 233.255.255.255

239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Remaining ranges of addresses in the multicast address space

Table 16-4 Important IGMPv2 Timers

Timer Usage Default Value

Query Interval

Query Response Interval

Group Membership Interval

Other Querier Present Interval

Last Member Query Interval

Version 1 Router Present Timeout

Table 16-3 Multicast Address Ranges and Their Use

Multicast Address Range Usage



Chapter 17

Table 16-5 CGMP Messages

Type

Group Destination Address

Unicast Source Address Meaning

Join

Leave

Join

Leave

Leave

Leave

Table 17-2 Summary of PIM-DM Messages

PIM Message Definition

Hello

Prune

State Refresh

Assert

Prune Override (Join)

Graft/Graft-Ack


Chapter 17 49

Table 17-3 Comparison of Methods of Finding the RP

Method RP Details Mapping InfoRedundant RP Support?

Load Sharing of One Group?

Static

Auto-RP

BSR

Anycast RP

Table 17-4 Comparison of PIM-DM and PIM-SM

Feature PIM-DM PIM-SM

Destination address for Version 1 Query messages, and IP protocol number

Destination address for Version 2 Hello messages, and IP protocol number

Default interval for Query and Hello messages

Default Holdtime for Versions 1 and 2

Rule for electing a designated router on a multiaccess network

Main design principle



SPT or RPT?

Uses Join/Prune messages?

Uses Graft and Graft-Ack messages?

Uses Prune Override mechanism?

Uses Assert message?

Uses RP?

Uses source registration process?

Table 17-7 mroute Flags

Flag Description

D (dense)

S (sparse)

C (connected)

L (local)

P (pruned)

R (RP-bit set)

F (register flag)

T (SPT-bit set)

Table 17-4 Comparison of PIM-DM and PIM-SM

Feature PIM-DM PIM-SM


Chapter 18 51

Chapter 18

1 Radius originally defined port 1645 as the well-known port, which was later changed to port 1812.

J (join SPT)

Table 18-2 Comparing RADIUS and TACACS+ for Authentication

RADIUS TACACS+

Scope of Encryption: packet payload or just the password

Layer 4 Protocol

Well-Known Port/IOS Default Port Used for authentication

Standard or Cisco-Proprietary

Table 18-3 Authentication Methods for Login and Enable

Method Meaning

group radius

group tacacs+

group name

Table 17-7 mroute Flags

Flag Description



1 Cannot be used for enable authentication.

enable

line1

local

local-case

none

Table 18-4 Port Security Configuration Commands

Command Purpose

switchport mode {access | trunk}

switchport port-security [maximum value]

switchport port-security mac-address mac-address [vlan {vlan-id | {access | voice}}

switchport port-security mac-address sticky

switchport port-security [aging] [violation {protect | restrict | shutdown}]

Table 18-5 Cisco IOS Switch Dynamic ARP Inspection Commands

Command Purpose

ip arp inspection vlan vlan-range

Table 18-3 Authentication Methods for Login and Enable

Method Meaning


Chapter 18 53

[no] ip arp inspection trust

ip arp inspection filter arp-acl-name vlan vlan-range [static]

ip arp inspection validate {[src-mac] [dst-mac] [ip]}

ip arp inspection limit {rate pps [burst interval seconds] | none}

Table 18-8 Examples of ACL ACE Logic and Syntax

Access List Statement What It Matches

deny ip any host 10.1.1.1

deny tcp any gt 1023 host 10.1.1.1 eq 23

deny tcp any host 10.1.1.1 eq 23

deny tcp any host 10.1.1.1 eq telnet

deny udp 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 lt 1023 any

Table 18-9 IP ACE Port Matching

Keyword Meaning

gt

lt

Table 18-5 Cisco IOS Switch Dynamic ARP Inspection Commands

Command Purpose



Chapter 19

eq

ne

range x-y

Table 19-2 MPLS LSR Terminology Reference

LSR Type Actions Performed by This LSR Type

Label Switch Router (LSR)

Edge LSR (E-LSR)

Ingress E-LSR

Egress E-LSR

ATM-LSR

ATM E-LSR

Table 19-3 MPLS Header Fields

Field Length (Bits) Purpose

Label

Experimental (EXP)

Bottom-of-Stack (S)

Time-to-Live (TTL)

Table 18-9 IP ACE Port Matching


Chapter 19 55

Table 19-4 LDP Reference

LDP Feature LDP Implementation

Transport protocols

Port numbers

Hello destination address

Who initiates TCP connection

TCP connection uses this address

LDP ID determined by these rules, in order or precedence

Table 19-5 Control Protocols Used in Various MPLS Applications

Application FECControl Protocol Used to Exchange FEC-to-Label Binding

Unicast IP routing

Multicast IP routing

VPN

Traffic engineering

MPLS QoS



Chapter 20

Table 20-2 IPv6 Address Types

Address Type Range Application

Aggregatable global unicast

Multicast

Anycast

Link-local unicast

Solicited-node multicast

Table 20-3 IPv6 Multicast Well-Known Addresses

Function Multicast Group IPv4 Equivalent

All hosts

All Routers

OSPFv3 routers

OSPFv3 designated routers

EIGRP routers

PIM routers

Table 20-4 ND Functions in IPv6

Message Type

Information Sought or Sent Source Address Destination Address

ICMP Type, Code

Router Advertisement (RA)

134, 0


Chapter 20 57

Router Solicitation (RS)

133, 0

Message Type ICMP Type, Code

Neighbor Solicitation (NS)

135, 0

Neighbor Advertise-ment (NA)

136, 0

Redirect 137, 0

Table 20-5 OSPFv3 LSA Types

LSA Type Common Name Description

Flooding Scope

1

2

3

Table 20-4 ND Functions in IPv6

Message Type

Information Sought or Sent Source Address Destination Address

ICMP Type, Code



4

5

8

9

Table 20-6 Summary of Tunneling Methods

Tunnel Mode Topology and Address Space Applications

Automatic 6to4

Manually configured

IPv6 over IPv4 GRE

ISATAP

Automatic IPv4-compatible

Table 20-5 OSPFv3 LSA Types

LSA Type Common Name Description

Flooding Scope


Chapter 20 59

Table 20-7 Cisco IOS Tunnel Modes and Destinations

Tunnel Type Tunnel Mode Destination

Manual

GRE over IPv4

Automatic 6to4

ISATAP

Automatic IPv4-compatible


Documents

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