~.. ~-. - ~ SA

Mr. Ezekiel MphabJele. fDrmerlyliterary edit or of "Drum" maga­zine , now on the staff of a blabschool in N igeria , was one of therepresentatives of the Sou t bAfrican A.N.C. at th e Acaa

conference.

G hana Prime Minister, Dr. Kwame Nknunah, addresses th e Pan -A frica n Conference in Accra. The banner in the backKround reads:"We Prefer Independenco with Danaer to Se"itu de in Tran quillity."

Chief Lutu li leads the A.N .C.conference in SODi at the endof one of its sessions in Dur­ban recen tly. On the platformwith Chie f are, from the lef t,Alfred Nzo, Diu Putioi,A.N.C. Chaplain, Oliver Tam ­bo, G. S. D. Nyembe and

Mo ses Mabhida.

1

Tom Mbo ya, Kenya African

6d leader, Who was chairman of the• Ac:c:ra conference.

Police Bid to top ANCelegates Reach-ng Durban

THE gross interference withdelegat ions going t o t h e

A.N .C. Na tional Conference inDurb an las t week test ifies to thealarming growth of imm ora l andcorrupt prac tices in the civil ser­vice and police force in S.A. toda y.Vast sums of the tax-payers' mon eyare spent to deploy police to be onthe alert for delegates going toCongr ess conferences, to arre stsuch delegates on flimsy charg es.to delay them or preve nt theirreaching conferences alto gether.

The expe riences of the delega­tions fr om the Easter Cap e provideyet an othe r example of arbitra ryand corrupt behaviour which mustno t be regarded as "normal" bu tshould be exposed and fought byth e peop le of Sou th Africa .

Arrangements had been made totransport delegates from the Ea st­ern Ca pe to Durban in lor ries,and the impression was given bythe local Transportation Board,Port Elizabe th, that permi ts wouldbe gran ted . The delega tes wererequ ired to submit their names andalso their tax receipts. Th ese con-

(Con tinued on page 3)

SOUTHERN EDITION Thursday, December 25, 1958

. Vol. 5, No. 10 R egistered at the G.P.O. as a NewspaperI

ConferenceDiary

By Our Special R epresentative

G:~:~ w~:tpai~~:m~~2ine within sight of the sea, is

(Continued on page 8)

T~~~~r~n~~~ic~heco~~f~~~ii~ ~~~~ a~eA~~~~aw~~p~e~:been hailed as an event of the greate st importance.

"A n important milestone in the forw ard march of the Afri canpeople who have suffere d terribly from the colonial oppr essors ",said the Soviet pap er Izves tia. "A great inspiration to the Africanpeo ple who have been stra ngled by the imperialists for hundreds ofyears by the worst oppression and racial discrimination". said Ira q's

Al Bilad.

Attended by del egates from 62orga nisations represe nting 200 mil- , . ,' :lion Africans the conferenceado pted a series of resolutionsaim ed at increasing unity andmutual help in the fight to speedthe lind of imperialist dominationin Africa.

Paying special attention to SouthAf rica, the conference called for abo ycott of tbe Unio n's productsand set up a permanent secretariatin Accra to give material aid totb e oppressed peoples of SouthAfr ica.

NEW AGE, WHICH WASIN VITED TO ATIEND THECON FE RE NCE, WAS PRE­VE NTED FROM DOI NG SOBY THE GO VERNMENTSREFUSAL TO ISSUE PASS­POR TS TO OUR T WO REPRE­SENTATIVES, GOVAN MBEKIAND BRIAN BUNTING.

Nevertheless special arr ange­ments were mad e for newscoverage , and the following is anon the spot account of the con­ference:

CC ACONFE ENCE-AMIL STONEI-- -I CAN

RY

- 2 NEW AGB. THURSDAY, DECBMBER 25. 1958

WHO ARE THE INCITERSOF VIOLENCE ?

EDI1VRIAL .

NATIONALIST Cabinet Ministers and clerics indulged intheir customary orgies on Dingane's Day, which they call

the Day of the Covenant.They have made it a religious holiday, but the sentiments

they expressed can hardly be described as Christian.Verwoerd himself, and many of his underlings, declared

that the Afrikanervolk stood before a second Battle of BloodRiver.

"We fight for our very existence," said Verwoerd at BloodRiver. "We stand with our backs to the wall and jight for thelife 0{ the yolk and our descendants .. . May the Blood Riverof the future - and perhaps the Blood River of the world ­be a victory without bloodshe d."

But the implicati on is clear - if necessary blood will beshed to preserve White Supre macy. And not only in SouthAfrica but also on a world scale, Verwoerd calls for the Whiteman to be ready for war. if necessary, to prevent his "sub ­mergence" by the Non-White s.

This is indeed a philosoph y of violence and despair. Withthis attitude, the Nationalis t Government can never bringpeace to South Africa . On the contr ary, they guarantee conflict,because they would rather fight and die than share their pri­vileges with the Non-Whites.

The Nationalist Government continually accuses those whooppose its rule of inciting to violence or, in extreme cases,even of planning to overthrow the Government by force andviolence.

But it is clear that it is the Natonalist Government itselfwhich, by refusing to meet the reasonable wishes of the people,is the main source of all pro vocation to violence.

All democrats desire peaceful change and progress; butthe Nati onalist Government prepa res for a second BloodRiver. Clearly, it is the Nati onalists who are the warmongers,and they must be exposed and brand ed as such.

Passes Like DogTickets

Last Week's Donatl onsCape Town:

Ray and Jack £5, Sister £2,Irish Students £3 lOs., Ch il­dren's Party £16 9s. 4d.,H a r 0 I d £4, Anonymous£1 4s. 6d.• A. R. lOs., Rex £1,F. J. £1.-£34 135. 10d.Johannesburg:

Bob £10, Bernie £10, Mrs.F. £5, T. Collections £19. T.Sale £45 8s. Johannes 6s.•Harry £3, W. Collections £25,Eddie Monthly £1, Issy £2,Friends £20.-£140 145. Od.

TOTAL £175 7s. 10d.

so many wonderful donors con­stantly help to appease ourneed for the £1000 which isrequired every month to suc­cessfully produce the people'sbaby. For make no mist akeabout it New Age is the babyof the great majority of thepeople of South Africa and itis up to them to see to it thatit is and remains a good anJhealthy one .

Ch ristmas is upon us andthe New Year is just around thecorner. Our need is greaterthan ever . Instead of the nib­ble which only whets ourappetite, how about everyone ofyou giving N ew Age a nicehefty slice of a donation"whichwill ensure that we are aroundand kicking well into the NewYear. Send your Xmas don a­tion now!

PREG A T 0 ENUNDERSTA D

p~;~~~rs; an~o:~~rs:~Jthe finan cial needs of New Ageprob abl y better than any othersect ion of our community. Itis said that at one stage orother du ring pregnancy womenget an uncontro llable urge forsome littl e tit-bit with which toappease their appetite. Thebara ssed husband searches highand low to procure it so as tosatisfy this need of his wifesince he is afraid that by fail­ing to do so the proper develop­ment of the unborn child maybe affected. Quite recently avery good friend of ours inLondon wrote urgently for halfa po und of unsugared mebosto be sent from here to hispregna nt wife who was cravingfor th is particular delicacy. Wesent her several pounds of thestuff just to be on the safe side.Many other mothers will vouchfor the authenticity of suchcases. They say that it is anawful feeling- a sort of empti­ness which simply must befu lfilled .

They are lucky. Invariablytheir needs are satisfied andall is well. New Age is notso bles sed . That horrible,emp ty feeling is never com­plet ely gra tified in our case. Itis a pe rmanent fea ture of ourlives. There is always a bigvo i<;t in the coffers of our news­pape r, in spite of the fact that

Women Injured inBaton Charge

On November 24th, 1958, allAfrican women in Evaton weretold by N. A. D . police to go tothe N.A.D. Pass Office where theywould ,be issued with reference

Police Need Better Identity Cards and ~he~~s·re~r~n~li:or~dw~:l3 ~~Training Passes the aged women to receive their

I suggest that a new school be - A .d . . pensions.bu ilt for train ing better police who whit~ ~;~~~ i~a~~ fJ~ti~e~a:d wo~~~ b~~~~~e~~nkl~dt~~ ::;wou ld be instructed on a model and that ~ about all: It .ISnot con- posed camps. as the residents ofof human s.yrnpathy and ~ot only nected With Items like mcome. tax Evaton did during the time of the

~:o~~~neth~~ ~~~~~g ~~I~a~~n~: ~~1Cho:oe~e~eif:i:~ ~e;~~a~~or~ ~~i~~e~:"b~~~~~ ~~~ s}.~:~:afte r an electr ic hare . It appears fact an identity card is a great phathwa." ,

~i1c:~doe~~~r.in:r;ae ~fe~~~~~ ~:;~t and advantage in any coun- da~n m~::n:~~ t~~m~~~~~

b~:!Vi~~~Ii : 't6~d«;rJ M~;e~~I~ ve~ ~i~:~~~ bAo~el:res~c~e~~~~ _~a:~:t~~~e i~~~~~e~~dt~~~ r:ti::hav e rea lised that I~ quell ing d!s- includes the profession or place dated by police. Some of themtur ba!,!ces of any kind any w~lte of work of the holder, resid ence, were arrested while some receivedman In th e strt:et can be recruited tax and- other things. This im- injuries from baton charges.as long as he IS capable of usmg plies that as soon as every Af rican Their case was on December

a ~~~n'can we live as neighbours ~f~~~c:s b~~kct;:e t~o~::s~ll 15th, and is sti~ p~~~el~~~Gwhe n th e other ~arty IS pressing have to be stopped in the streets Evaton. .

~fn~th~i~e d~ie~s ~~ t~~li:~cu!fb~ ~tdw~~f:s~:~anadr;~Jrf~ ~~~pol ice should remembe.r they are who cannot produce them, sepa-

~~~~;:~{~~sofo:h~e~~~!: ;~:pe~: ~~~ble~ro~f c~~:~n ab~~:o ~~: Complaint Againstand inti midators. READER lested by the police. . Maseru OfficialsSekhukhuneland. GEORGE T. DLAMINI On December 1, I went to visit

* * Mr. Lebera at the Central Jail,BUILD A NATION Maseru. Mr. Tsepiso Lebera was

It is apparent that Africans are Africanists Wasting ~~~i~~~taWy ~~k.j~e~ect~~iv~ddisun ited . To achieve our national there I was permitted to see himfreedo m and independence in this Time by an African warder. A few

b~~tl:~s w:ndubtuildm~;oJ!:thb[a~k In the press of this country ~in~~~ lr:~e~~il1lwt>so~1kith~nat ion statements have been made by superintendent of the jail arrivedWh~n building up this nation we Africanists, saying, ~The great and asked what I wanted. When

mus t com mit to memory that a leade~, of the ANC Will close his I told him I had come to see Mr .nat ion is not created by any legal shop. Lebe ra he told me to get out ofen actm ent. All that can be said The .Africanists ar~ iust. wast il.Ji the place. B~fore 1 could do so he

~~~:~p\~a~~~ ~ilr c~~~ :-c b;::. ~h~nt~~d~yb~U~rC~I~s~~s~~i ~~~ei~dat~i:t~d~r~~~;~:r~u~~~J~~~h4, :~J ~~~C;;.g,~~?~~~:n:ru?: ~nrp~~tin:lgi~edto£~~e:u:hge:~~~~v~a~gi~in:o~\~~ey~~o:~~have a country of their orig in and too late. deported, you damn press re- L- _

Our sentimen ts will therefore nor- We of the Congresses do not porter." When I was outside, ~I

fu:al~~~~~ relation to this speci- ~~~i~~~rit:, ~~~~~~e~r ~~~~;~o~; ~Ianc~. ir~ .~~e S~uY~a~ar:a~ ~A~ A FAREWELL TO PASTERNAKlea~~s t~~kp:~~~t~e~:l:; ::onOg~~ ~h/:~eaii~~:yas aCo~~!s~~in~ on ~r6l~e~~ Jail for Sl~ m.onths or Mr. John Cooper's nois y, slightly . Mr. Cooper ur ges .all .who enjoy

Afnc ans. We must hold national The ANC is a great giant .1 y.rent to seh the plStrIet Com- r!t~~~r~~~s h~~ t~ t~~~'lig~~~~ ~~t~a~t~~ le~~l~~~~ .li~~i..t~~Iy~ee~~rgSp~~iR~~u~~r~~~I~~ndrances ~~ehel~ roars the opposition ru~ ~~~s~~s~e~, ~h~ Dire~~~~dorp~s~~~: why Pasternak's Dr. Zhivago has and utterly.

Barberton T~I:HO XABASHE NatalsP~it, Tvl. K. ~~ri:e~e~ft~~ t~~e ~i~~~~~tdI~h~~ ~e:~y "~~~~ed~b~~tth~re~d~~~' ~~ ch~r::dl a~~s wOr~~~~k~ate~o~~c~, I told him of the incident he said much hot angrv writing abo u t the essary is a hatred of the system,

I had had no right to visit the "material conditions of free dom" not of the people or even of ind i-

ILL jail on weekdays although I also -but Mr. Cooper and h is pals viduals . As such they are onlysaid I had been told by the Afri- will ban any actual freedom to victims of nature 's laws. After allcan warders that I could visit Mr. dispute with them. At first st irring quite often the exploit ed bec omeLebera at that time. Mr. Farqu- of freedom to ask what fre edom the exploiters.harson was not keen to discuss the is, or what the "material condi- Only a clear concept of dial ecticsmatter further. tions" of freedom realty ar e, or will explain thes e paradoxes and. I want to know from the Bri- whether freedom has re ally onl y a clear conc ept and u nde r-

tish ~overnment whether we have happe~ed, they reac~ f?r their sta nding of our fellow men can

~i~te;~g~ j~ii. o'::uis ~[O~~i: sot: ;~;,r;t~~~~ to extinguish the ~~d ~~:t irsdi:~~alent~ie iii~i%Basutoland? Now comes the case of Past ernak gather and ut ilise all his resourc es

JACK MOSIANE and again you are on the side of to secur e his lib erty.Maseru, Basutoland, the silencers and the suppressors. Mr. Cooper, ca rri ed away by his

Pasternak has his weak nesse s. but emo tion, has missed the po inthis geniune integrity. his wisdom made by Mr. Bunting in his article :and his sense of life (Bunting the amazing fact of a man whoscarcely quotes him fairly) ar e un - has lived all his life in the Sovietmistakeable - one cannot d oubt Union and has been unable to fre ethat he is a nobler and profounder h imself of ancient outmoded ideasman than Mr. Cooper or even and habits of pre - revolu tionary

As from the 17th of last month Mr. Bunting. The naiv e and phi - times and now , to the grea t delightI have been observing women listine lite rary theories whic h ~re of t~e capitalists, has buil t him~elftaking these " Dom passes," lome put forward w~el! cond7mnll~g a wishv-washy Ivory-towere~ Wish­from the farms, some from town 109 him have strikingly failed 10 ful- thinking dr eamland 10 theand even those staying inside tho forty year s to produce a cornnar- fo rm of a book.loca tion of Ermelo. They to ok able writer. No wonder the con- F. M . JOYN~R.the passes with no hurt in their formist Soviet Writers' U nion Matatiele.minds and hearts. 1 really felt attacks him with such savae erv ! (This correspondence is nowthat they lack organisation. J . E. STEWART. c1osed.- Ed.)

1 am even sh ocked to find th at R oma, Basu toland,school-children ar e paying for [Dr . Zh ivago, an adulterer, a

~~:sec:~~~~nie~:es~in~:h~y d~~ cltildr:~owh~~n~~~s ~!:st~~~ a~i~ Pen Pals Wantedmo::~ ~ot~~~s,t h:::nd~g~~ers are r:~P'h~~oa~W;s~~se~ah1son~:~~i ~ friend in. Sweden !Ias j';lst

~~~u~bt c\~t~e g~o~oe~~~ph;: ~~~; h~;~edn~e~~o:~~g~asmi~~t ~~i:~ ;~~t~~n S~e~= ~h~o~~~l~oik;X:~heads. What is the meanin~ of conscience but wants only to live get m. touch With S~uth Afrlc~n

~~:~? ~oe:r~hem~~;:~fen~u~~~ i~~ r~r::~i~~ti~nn b7d~~crit:dc~s o~ faez~-.fr;~li~~Csw:~d~~rldt~ffe::;~ In

they have hu ng these ··dom noble figure . however much one Those mterested sho l,lld writepas.ses" like do g's tickets around may pity him or ad mire th e to. Mr. Karl Gunna r Knutson•• 10theIr necks. talent of his creator. F n herrceatan, Stockh~lm .Va ~lmg-

Women do not need pass es, As for Soviet wri ters. were by, Sweden, and he Will dlstnbuteVerwoerd. Gorkv, Sholokhov, To lstoi , M~va- all letters .

R. MNISI kovsky no t fit to win a Nobel ENOCH S. MOROKOPri ze7-Ed.] Box 1641, Johannesburg.Io----- ------------ - - - ---J Ermelo, TvI.

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1958

(Continued from pa ge 1)dition s, although of doub tfu l legal­ity, were complied with . On theday the delegates were sup posedto leave. the Board infor med themthat th ey could not issue permitsuntil the Native Commissioner wasconsulted.

The delegates went to see theNative Commissioner, who inform­ed them tha t he had noth ing what­soe ver to do with the issue ofpermits to transpqrt persons fromODe area to another. He thenphoned the Transportation Boardin the pres ence of the delegatesand was inform ed that the Boardhad Dever sent the delegates tobimU

De legates then sough t othermeans of getting to conference.The delega tions had to be con­side rabl y cut down an d priv atecars wer e found which were pre­par ed to transport delega tes. Allalong the way police had beendeplo yed to stop and inter fere withthe movement of delegat es. Twoor thre e groups were ar rested inCofimvabo in the Transkei on theprete xt tha t they had no perm itsto enter th e area. The fact that

I delegates were Transkeian-bornmeant noth ing to the police. Infact in one instance the delegatewas in his own ho me whenarr ested!

The y were thrown out of theI Transkei an d had to get to DurbanI via Bloem fontein. which added

hundreds of miles to the journey.I Del egates who had left P.E. on

Friday afte rn oon arrived on Snn­day morning.

It was an epic struggle whichlihowed how determined our peo le'are to reach their own parliam ent.

NEW~1I111111111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 11 1111 1 111 111 11 11 11111111111111111J~

! Argument I

I sP:::: :::ch I

Members of the spec ial branch arguin2 with the chairman, Mr.G. S. D. Nyembe, at the A.N .C. Confere nce after being askedto vacate seats in the hall durina: the pu blic session so thatA.N .C. members could be seate d. The chairman was Dot in aposition to help them and they remained stan ding at tbe back of

the hall almost throughout con ference.

The people burst int o so~ "Mayihambe Le Van geli Igyib Ilizwe Zonke" (Let this Gospel spreadtbroughout the whol e country) after the reso lutio n to organise a Dew cam paip 8Pinst the pass law.

was Passed.

sh ip target for the tra de Congress attached h) th e resolutionun ions. The Conference calls on passes.

~~~~tsb~i~h~e~ ~~r~dfi~ft~~; THE BROAD (~ANVAS -months. AFR!CA

PLAN REQUIRED de~~i~~e ~~so~~~d~c[e~h~r~~gl~!:To those who have known Con- stru ggle under its poli cy as set out

gress Con feren ces over some year s in the Freedom Charter . and call­- the stormy sessions, the fiery ing upon the N .E. C. to strengthenemotional speec hes that were fratern al ties in th e Congresspoured forth . the wrangling and alliance. conference fort ified thethe shaking of fists - the greate r incoming N.E .C. with a mandatepart of th is Conference must have th at should en able the m to actapp eared dull. It was against this swiftl y and ruthlessly againstback ground that the delegates remnants of wrecker elements­calml y resolved to refer the most the Africanists and also the wholeburning issue in the life of the paraphernalia of well -paid rene-

§!III IIIII IIIIIIIIJlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ ~~~ea~~~~enz~r~it~ ~e~~~~=~~

~NEW EXECUTIVE ~ ~~v~~\;a:~~~iv~: i~'ft,c~a~o~~~~ ELECTED ~ ~i~~~~~~ ~~;~an:g~i: ~~o;~~:~:~ Th e following is a full list~ ~~:iro~:~~iS~~~~~n activities within

~~~q1~'~~~. ;::~ffi~~ ~~~~~i~ fo~~n ~;o~solu~f\~~rs ~pes~~h~~~§ an~ those who have tl? be ap- § unbroken closed session, a flood of§pomted br.the execu tive such § humanity poured into the hall. It:: as Organising Secret ary and§ was the public - Africans, Euro­§Spea~er. .. § peans, Indians. They had stood:: Chief A. J . Lutuli, Presldent§ for hours outs ide. With every§Gen~ral; O. R. Ta m bo, Depu ty"§ available space occu pied, with::Presldent-General; Duma N ok-§ hundreds standing ins ide and out-

~~~tel;,ec~:~~~~~~~G:~~r~' ¥:~ ~it~h~~n~:~~~sg~~:~ti~n~f C~:f§Mqota; J? Nyembe; A. Nzo;§ A. J. Luthuli as Presid ent-Genera l

~~ay~~~~I~ak. TRe:h~;uW. ~:~ ~~~ot~: :;;l~~~~~e years with thun-

§Conco. § But the most lasting impression5111111 111 11 11111111 11 11 11 11 11 1 111 11 11111111111111 11 111 1 111 111~ one had of the whole conference

Afri can, the m ost h.ated instru men t ~oa~f;~:~c~n ~~~i~eCs~l n:h~ess:,~c~t~~

~ ~::~::~~ t~U~lph~~e:i ~o~rf. ~it~m~1 ~~t~:e s:~~~ ~~i~hr:~;cil, There was no talk of burD1n~ unfold in the course of 1959.

~l~~s:\~a~t t~~e tf~~gh~~ ~~: t~ as I~~~ ~~~c~:g~fnW~e~:ti~nni:' ~~~k~h: ~~~dsy~f:::.st the rigour s ~~~leh~~e~;~~e~~:~P;Vri~~\t~il:def~~~~lc~~~f:edofat~~e~l:f' ~~ li_'o_n_s _fo_r _ce_n_tu_ri_es_. .--- - ------- _

for the branches to ensur e that I d bwhen the time comes to carry out p. B· T 5 tsuch a plan a certa in meas ure of 0 Ice loa 0 ageorganisat ional efficiency will ha ve

~~~~r~~~ai~t~~c~~r:.ll ~:lsd~~s:~~ ANC Conferenceto reach mini mum membershiptarg ets within a given time is anind icat ion of the im porta nce which

ANC CONFERENCE MARKSSTAG I FREEDOM STRUGGLE

SET DETERMINATIONBut the organisation 's m ood an d

set determination to carry thestruggle for freedom a stag e fur­ther is reflected in the resolu tion s I

the conference passed. Thr ee ofth ese which were passed in theclosed session. attended by dele­gates only, call for spec ial atten ­tion ..

• The Conference established aPlanning Council to recom­mend a comprehens ive planto fight the passes both formen and women.

The resolution sets a timelimit within which th e recom­mendations of the PlanningCouncil shoul d be ready andpresented at a Speci al Con ­ference. The National Exe­cutive is given five monthswith in which to convene thespecial conference.

* A det ailed resolution for themounting of a nation-wideeconomic boy cott of Nationa­list products also calls uponthe National Executive to askthe libe rat ory movements inthe whole of Africa to bo y­cott Nationalist products. Thisresolution ha s fortunately co­incided with a similar resol u­tion passed at the AccraConference.

• The third resolution calls uponCongress branches to fulfilmem bers hip ta rgets and alsoto pa rticipate in a special driveto ensure a minimum member-

From Govan Mbe ki

T~~nf::e~ce ~n~~:~.~giO;:~probably more significant than anysimilar one held in recent yea rs.It took place after the organisa­tion had gone through one of themost t rying times. At no othertime in its histor y did it ever ha veto face up to such well-time d andwell- prepared plan s to wreck itfrom with in as it encountered dur­ing this year.

Th e Nationalist govern ment syn­chr onised its pressure from with­out with the activities of a fifthcolum n within an d at tacked on anumber of fronts. Th e inte nsi­fication of the issue of passes towomen, the poli ce terro rist tact icsin ru ral and urban are as, the masstrials, were part of a b igger planto destroy the A.N .C. On someof these fronts the organisa tio nsuffered temporary set-backs . add­ing to the confused stat e whichsui ted the activities of disruptersand held out pro mising signs forthe a postles of ap art heid to deliverthe knock-out blow.

Against this background theNa tionalists rai sed Dr. Verwoerdto the leadership of their party.

RE- ORGANISATIONAfte r the Cong ress membership

ha d taken firm action to weed outthe fifth column it immediatelyturned its attention not only to theproblem of re-or ganis at ion but alsoto ra llying the people aro und Itspolicy which is gain ing the supportof millions of people in this coun ­try an d other lan ds.

The impatient and unwaveringmann er in which the dele gate sdealt with any stray elements fromthe ranks of the disrupters sho wedthat Congress membership hadlearnt a lesson from recent events.

The two delegat ion s from theWestern Nati ve Township Branchwere dealt with firmly. The y wereordered to go back and settl e the irown internal affairs. Th e T rans ­vaal Provincial Executive was also

, curtly told to see to it that itsmo othed bran ch troubles at home .

A handful who came fro m EastLondon were ordered out by theCa pe deleg ation even befo re con­ference was aware that they hadcome. A similar group whichcalled itself New Brighton Cen tralBranch was also ordered ou t.

NBW AGB, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 25,1958

THE JUDGES' REPORT

Dilemma

Wake Up, Africa

CaD for SacrificG

Awake, awake, put on thystrength, 0 Zion; reject theweakness of missionari es whoteach neither love nor brother­hood, but chiefly the virtues ofprivate pro fit from capital, stolenfrom your land and labo ur. Afri­ca awake, put on the beautifulrobes of Pan-African Socieliam!

You have nothing to lose butyour Chains I

You have a cont inent toregain I

You have freedem and human'di gni ty to attaiDl

This is the grea t dilemmawhich faces Africans today; facesone and all: Give up individualrights for the needs of MotherAfrica; give up tribal indepen­dence for the needs of the na­tion. Forge t nothing but seteverything in its rightful place:the G lory of the six AshantiWars against Britain : the wisdomof the Fan ti Confedera tion; thegrowth of Nigeria; the song ofthe Songhay and Hausa ; the re­bellion of the Mahdi and thehands of Ethiopia; the greatnessof the Basuto and the fighting ofChaka; the revenge of Mutessiand many other happen ings andmen; but above all - Africa,Mother of ~en.

Your nearest frien ds andneighbours are the colouredpeople of China and India, therest of Asia, the Middle Eastand the sea isles, once closebound to the heart of Africa andnow long severed by the greedof Europe. Your bond is notmere colour of skin but thedeeper experience of wage sla­very and contempt. So too. yourbond with the white world isclosest to those who suppo rt anddefend China and help India andnot those who exploit theMiddle East and South America .

As I have said , this is a .allfor sacrifice. Grea t Goe the sang,"Thou shal t forego, Shalt dowithou t." If Africa uni tes, it willbe because each par t, each na­tion, each tribe gives up a partof its heritage for the good ofthe whole. That is what unionmeans; that is what Pan-Africanmeans: When the child is borninto the tribe the price of hisgrowing up is giving over a partof his freedo m to the tribe. Thishe soon learn s or dies. Whenthe tribe becomes a union oftribes, the individual tribe sur­renders some part of its freedomto the paramount tri be.

When the natio n arises, theconstituent tribes , clans andgroups must yield power andsome freedom to the demands ofthe nation or the nation dies be­fore it is born. Your local tribal,much -loved languages must yieldto the few world tongues whichserve the lar gest number ofpeople and promo te understand­ing and world literature .

Great Decision

You can not only beat downthe price of capital as offered bythe united and monopolis edwestern priva te cap italists, but atleast today you can comparetheir offers with those of socialistcountries like the Soviet Un ionand China, which with infinitesacrifice and pouring out ofblood and tears, are at last ableto offer weak nations capital onbetter terms tha n the west.

The supply which socialist na­tions can at present spare issmall compar ed with that of thebloated mon opolies of the west,but it is large an d rapidly grow­ing. Its acceptance involves nobonds which a free Africa maynot safely assume. It certainl ydoes not involve slavery andcolonial control which is theprice which the west has de'manded and still demands. Todayshe offers a compr omise, but oneof which you must beware: Sheoffers to let some of yoursmarter and less scrup ulousleaders become fellow capitali stswith the white exploiters if inturn they induce the nation'smasses to pay the awful cost.This has hap pened in the WestIndies and in South America.Th is may yet ha ppen in theMiddle East and Eastern Asia.

Strin agBinst it with eve!rYfibre of your bodies and souls. Abody of local private capitalists,even if they are black. can Dnelfree Atria; they will simply sellit iDte new slavery to old mastersoverseas.

Here then, my Brothers, youface your great decision: Willyou for temporary advantage ­for automobiles, refrigerators andParis gowns - spend your in­come in paying interest on bor­rowed funds, or will you sacri­fice your presen t comfort andthe chance to shine before yourneighbours, in order to educateyour children, develop such in­dustry as best serves the greatmass of people and makes yourcountry strong in ability, self­support and self-defence?

Such union of effort forstrengt h calls for sacrifice andself-denial , while the capitaloffered you at high price by the!colonial powers like France, Bri·tain, Holland. Belgium and theUnite d State s will prolong f-a131colonial imperialism, from whichyou have suffered slavery, serf­dom and colonialism.

You are not helpless. You arethe buyers, and to continue exist­ence as sellers of capital, thesegreat nations, former owners ofthe world, must sell or face ban­kruptcy. You are not compell edto buy all they offer now. Youcan wait. You can starve a whilelonger rather than sell your greatheritag e for a mess of westerncapitalistic pottage.

Socialist Offers

stopp ing socialism by force an d 'not 0{ surren dering the fata l mi!f­takes of private upitalism.Eithe r cap ital belongs to all orpower is denied to all.

When now, with a certainsuddennes s, Africa is whirled bythe bitter struggle of dying pri­vate capitalis m into the la stgreat battle-ground of its deaththroes, you are being temptedto adopt at least a passing pr i­vate capitalism as a step to som epartia l socialism. Thi s would bea grave mistake. For four hu n­dred years Europe and N orthAmer ica have built their civilisa­tion and comfort on theft ·ofcoloured labo ur an d the landand mate rials which rightly be­long to those colonial people s.Th ey are still today determ inedto make most of the world 'speople work for the comfort ofthe few: this is today true inLondon , Paris and New York.

The dominant exploitinK na ­tions are willing to yield more tothe demands of the mass of menthan were their fathers. But theiryielding takes the fonn of shar­ing the loot - not of stoppin~the looting. It takes the form of

On the other hand, the Af ri­can tribe, whence all of yousprung , was communistic in itsvery beginnings. No tribesmanwas free. All were servan ts ofthe tribe of whom the chief wasthe father and voice. There is notrace of priva te enterpris e or in ­dividual initiative. It was thetribe which carried on trade andthe chief was the mouth piece of~he common will.

Sweated Labour

in the sitting room str uck twelvemidnight. A lazy mood hadfallen on the kitchen where thefire was slumberi ng - and o nthemselves. The meeti ng hadfallen into the past. An easy re­laxed comradeship lay betweenthem and they reache d eac hother easil y, and with fewwords . Th e old man was srnok­ing his pipe, sitting with half­closed eyes-tired aft er the day 'shappen ings. The wind waswhistling thro ugh the electr icwires and moa ning in the eaves.

"Do you think the petit ionwill be of any use, Les?"

"It' s a begi nning, Pa . Some­thing has to be done . . . ."

The old man pulled at his pipeand closed his eyes. "You know I

Les, I always thought my corpsewould be led fr om this house tomy last resting place... . Butthis high wind," said the oldman, caressing the image withsorrow. Then he smiled. "I' veheard told tha t Chaka sent hisimpis to stay the waves-trai ningthem for the enemy that wouldcome across the seas. It wouldbe fine, Les, if we slew the wind.When we first came here thewind used to send spouts ofbrown dust to the sky which bitinto the lungs, but we stuck outto the very end...."

"We must fight, Pa . .. . Youtaught us that Pa, remembe r? "

"Yes , Les. Slaying high windsis for young men We are get­ting old, Les," But now therewas no regret. "Goodnight, son."

They stood listening to thewind moaning in the eaves.Another wind, far more ter rible,was blowing thr ough the land.

SOCIALISM OR CAPITALISM­AFRICA MUST CHOOSE

as ever, prepar ing to speak. "M r.Chairman, we have heardspeeches about the charr ed andtwisted beginnings of this town­ship ; of the gallant sacrifi ces.. . . And we have heard, too ,how thi s is being taken away ...." He surveyed the meet ing."Mr. Chairman, we must not beswept away by fiery speeches;we must be on guard aga instquislings and adventurers in ourmidst. . . ." The crowd writhedand twisted.

"Come to the point I""That's the point .. . We must

boycott...." Vente r loo ked atthe people around him andshifted uneas ily. His voiceboomed with fury. "We must beprepared to defend our homeswith our lives, with our bloodand sho w •. . show " Un-certain clapping then thecrowd keened and tightened it­self up. A flying squad car slidto the side of the meet ing, itsaerial wagging like a switch.Venter swallowed hard . "Yes,show .. . show . .." He dippedhis eyes to the ground . "Thegovernment can have no idea ofthe suffering . . . . The govern­ment cannot have forgotten thatwe Coloured people have alwaysbeen law-abidin g; never causingany trou ble; hard-w orking andco-operative. ..." He had bur stinto a sweat . "Do n't be misledby adve nturers' ta lk about . .."

"Shut up, Venter . . .."Venter gathered the shreds of

his digni ty, his face a sicklymuddy-brown and walked awayfrom the meeting, brushing closeto the police car.

They still sat when tho clock

choice between Capitalism andSocialis m. The whole world, in­cluding capita list countries, ismoving towar ds socialism, in­evitably, inexorably. Yo u canchoose between blocs 01 militaryalliance, you can choose betweengroups of poli tical union, youcannot choose between Social­ism and Private Cap italism be­cause Private Capi talism isdoomed!

But what is Socialism? It is adisciplined economy and politi­cal organisati on in which the firstdut y of a citizen is to serv e thestate; and the state is not aselected aris tocracy, or a groupof self-seeking oligarchs whohave seized wealth and power.No! The mass of worker s withhan d and brain are the oneswhose collective destiny is thechief object of all effort.

Grad ually every state is com­ing to th is concep t of its a im.The great Comm unist sta tes likethe Soviet Uni on and Chinahave surren dered completely tothis idea. Th e Scandinaviansta tes have yielded pa rtially;Britain has yielded in som e re­spects, France in part and eventhe Uni ted States adopted th eNe w Deal which was largelysocialis m! though today furtherAmerican socialism is held atbay bv 60 great grou ps of cor­pora tions who control individualcapitalists and the trade unionleaders.

No Choice

Dr. du Bois.

of this townsh ip-s-the jewel ofthe Colou red people-the model. . . You built it with your ownhands. You filled the holes andbuilt homes on what was oncea charred, twisted, wretchedpiece of earth . . . ."

Old man Wil\iams looked athis son and blinked his eyes,wondering how Leslie knewthese things, knew them with hisheart. . . . As if his own hands .hac nursed the earth back tohealth : as if he kDew that everybrick had been an undert aki ng.. . . As if the knowledge hadcome from his loins an d withhis mother's milk. . . .

Old man Williams who hadraised his hand without know­ing it, felt a slight shock whenLeslie said, "Mr. Willi ams."

"Mr. Chairman . .." Th e oldman cast a glance at the valley.And twenty-five years of toiloverwhelmed him. He trembled.Lesie nodded . "We built this,"he sa id, sweeping the valleywith his knotted hand, "with ourSWelt. My son . . . the Chair­mal has told you - with ourSWelt. . . ." He looked at hisfin~rs for a lon g time and itbecun e a persona l grie f, shrunkto a measure of his own sacrificeand loss. "Now it' s being takenaway from us. . • . No w whenwe are old and finished. . . ."His arms flopped tiredly to hisside. He bowed h is head andplucked a tear from each eyeand flicked it on to the ground.

"Shame I" It was a low moan,the lament for all the years .

"Mr. Chairman ..." Throughthe film of tears old man wn­Iiams saw Venter red and angry

First, I would emphas ize thefact that today Afnca has no

FELLOtW Afr icans , about 1735,my great-gr eat grandfather

was kidnapped on the coast ofWest Afr ica and taken by theDutch to the colony of NewYork in America, where he wassold in slavery . Abo ut the sametime a French Hugu enot, Jac­ques du Bois, migrated fro mFrance to America and hisgreat-grandson, born in WestInd ies and with Negro blood,marri ed the grealt.,grea(-gran{J­daughter of my black ancestor .I am the son of this couple,hence my French name and myAfrican loyalty.

I had hopes to deliver thisword in person, but this was notpossible. I have there fore askedmy wife, Shirle y Gr aham , toread it to you. It is simple anddirect. In this great crisis of theworld's history , when standingon the highest peaks of huma naccomplishment we look forwardto Peace and backwar d to War ;when we look up to Heaven anddown to Hell , let us mince nowords.

We face triumph or tragedywithout alternative. Afr ica, an­cient Africa has been called bythe world and has lif ted up herhands. Which way shall Africag0 7

a wind more terrible. ...Williams in his well-worn

black suit saw some five hundredpeople gath ered in the openspace. He felt sorry that his wifecould not come with him-s-corn­plain ing of a headache . The windthrew swirls of reddish browndust in his face. But treading hisway through the crowd, exchang­ing greeting s on every side , hefel t light. Men in their blacksuits , young men and women inwhile shorts and tennis racke ts,matrons in black dresses andbonnets of a byoone age. . . .Near-white faces , sharp noses indark faces, fiat noses in bro wnfaces . . . hair of all kinds oftexture ... Mrs . Bowers, who ather daughter 's coming-of-ageparty, had ti psily begun to "slaandie taal 't-e-to speak Zulu-to thedismay of everybody present •. •Peterso n whose home had beenpulled apart by re-classificatio n.. .. Th e meek Leonards wholived in exile because they weredar k. . .. And his eyes swept thevalley which had housed themall.

Leslie was sitting on the backof a lorry together with Willi eDu nn. The old man was on thepoint of waving at them whenhe caugh t sight of Venter 's PE:re­nially angry face turned to him .Anxiety tugged at the old man's

~i~r: :~uI~:e"tfu~finf~o tHtinkled, calling for silence. Heprepared himself to listen andfelt good to see Leslie in the

ch~~ meeting had been calledby the Coloured Organisation

~la~~~~~ a~~~~gt~h:~~b~a ~~~ec~:r;uia~:" rang a voicefrom the back and all headsturned as if blown by a contrarywind. "Is the Coloured Organi­satio n a pure Coloured orgam ­sation. . . .T" A slow hiss likewater through a newly burst piperose. "I'm asking, Mr . Chair­man, beca use it 's time weColoured people developed pr idein our race . . . ." He plunged

~~~hon~~di~:di~~ ~e :~~L-_---'------------------------- Inousgrowl. "Oth~~ise we'll lose

eUA~d=~~g' phal~nx of fists andvoices jabbed the sky. Awoman's shrill voice broke acurse , bespattering the crowd .

"Volksbon d dog !"The bell tinkled and tinkled

forlornl y . .. and slowly silencewas resto red.

"Mr. Chairman, my questionhasn 't been answered."

An angr y roar , a tumult ,dro wned his words . A woman,shouti ng a spray of spittle intoBruin tjie's face, was pushing hisnose with her finger. His facehad suddenly grown ashen , theblood drained out. Old man Wil­liams found himself in front ofBruint jies, his throat dry withfury , shaking his fist into hisface.

"Damn it all man I Da mnyow;, pure rubbish I Our homes

. 'Then he looked at the plat­form where Leslie was forlor nlytinkling the bell and stoppedshouting.

"Today you are angry-onlytoday! " Leslie's voice, throb­bing with anger , silenced thecrowd. "Is it because yourho m e s and property arethreatened ? Is it the first timethat this sort of th ing has hap­pened ? Don't you know aboutSophiatown which will soon bea name.. .. Don't you knowthat the Indian people have beenstaring ru in in the face for solong. . . ." His shoulders re­laxed and when he spoke againhe was no longer lashing atthem. His voice was sad, thewords drawn blood-hot from hisheart. ' 'You know the history

HARRY BLOOM .

R..B. VAN DBa Ross.

UYSKRIGB.

morrow by Martin Ru ssel con­tained the best writin g of allthe entries. The reaso n it didnot come higher in the pla cingswas that the story was ratherslight. It was a brilliant frag­ment, imbued with warm th andsincerity. Here too is a writerof real talent.

T. H. Gwala appears in theprizes again with The Knock­the story of the arrest of a manin the middle of the night forthe treason trial. Very skilfullyhandled, the characters neatlydrawn. and with that feeling ofovertones, and of a life goingon around and behind the storywhich marks all of Gwala'swriting.

Fifth place is shared by ThePot, again by Gwala, and ThePerfect Present by Emily Tho­thsla. Quite different in subjectand treatment, indica ting thegreat range covered by theentries, both these stories willbe enjoyed by New Agereaders.

His eye caught Lulu, pot inhand, looking at them with atender light in her eyes.

Leslie had arrived. Old manWilliams knew that the men hadbeen waitiQg for him and he re­membered Venter 's scornfultone. And yet, old grey men thatsome of them were, the y hadcome to him for advice.

"Where's your Coloured Orga­. nisation now!" It was Bruintjies-the jeering tones biting the air.

"Mine? If we stop ped wrang­ling in order to reach the- White'sun. ..."

"But Leslie ... The Govern­ment can't do this to us. . . ."

"Tha t 's what we had tho ught."Leslie, short and stocky and

with a very broad for ehead,spoke with a slight halt , with thesuggestion of a stutter . Helooked at the men, slowly sizingup every one. " Our tum hascome . . .. We thou ght we weresheltered in the hollow whereno winds would blow. Of coursewe were mistaken .. . as you cansee... ."

"Right, Les," said the old mannow standing in the doorway.

"But what do we do? Some­thing's ' got to be done. . . . Wecan't just sit and watch ourhomes being taken away fromus. .. ' .'

"That's for you to decide . . . •A meeting has been call ed for

~:~tinS~:' protes ts , peti tions. . . What do they help ... Lookhow tht: Mri~ have tried all

th'::Th~~n;~t .do you suggest?"said Leslie, quizzing an eyebrow.

A silence fell on the room.N ow the old man thought hecould hear the high wind moreclearly, the wind which was play­ing havoc while othe rs crouched,apprehensive, hopin g, prayingthat it would not blow th eir way.It was not the torna do whichhad destroyed Albertynsville, but

~rl-I EIN

people torn away from theirland and their homes by theGroup Areas Act. A trag icstory , yet one in which thetragedy is transformed intopurposefulness by the courageof a fe'W' of the participants.We hope that this award willcomfort and encourage Hut­chinson in his long, unorth odoxsafari through Africa.

The second prize goes toRoland Poala for Ie zebel. Thestory reveals an instinc tive giftfor narrative, the ability (sodifficult to achieve) to shapethe raw material into a storywithout destroy ing its grainand texture. We hear all toooften of the tsotsi gangs, thecar thie ves, the smart youngset of the urban townships.Here, these chara cters are pre­sented as real people, and theenvironment that lur es them.into the (to them) glamorouslife of crime cleverly depicted.Congratulations, Roland Poala .We hope to see your namesigned to many atoties in thefuture.

We thouah.t CorM BtlCk T()-

walked towards his home. Hefelt like a man grop ing in adar k room , the last of hismatches burnt out. He saw hispast, his str iving, his stint overthe years like a game of pop­huisie - a farce of fuss andbother . quick ly broken up andforgotten.

Angry voices rang out of hishouse- unnecessarily loud as ifdispelling a pressing fea r. As heentered the door, he caughtsight of Bruintjies and Hen­dr icks, lead ing figures in theKleur lingsvo lksbond. He couldnot control the urge to void hisbittern ess on the group of men.His green ish eyes twinkled mali­ciously. "This is the kind ofthing that will happen as longas we tear apart the haystack insearch of the pure-the sui werColoured needle. . . ." Heshrugged his tbin shoulders. "Ex­Cl?loured toda y . ',,' ex-every­th ing tomorrow. . ..

A deep sympathy settle d in theold man's eyes. He looked at themen , drowning now, clutchingblindly for any straw in the swirland felt sorry as if be were nota part of it all. The n it struckhim. It was a wind, a wind ofwild unreason and yet terr iblelogic that was blowing throughthe land , scattering everything-like a rogue elephant on therampage.

"Th ere's a wild wind that'sblowing over the land. ...Gentlemen, you'll excuse me fora moment. ..." Then he shruggedhis shoulders and went into thekitchen.. He found his wife sitting be­fore the stove , white-cheeked,with a tom look in he r eyes.He took her in his arms andstroked the humped shoulders."Don't worry , Bokki e, don'tworry . . ." he mum bled, notknowing what he was saying ."The high wind will blow over.••• But God, after all this .•. •"

The first prize goes to A.Hutchinson for his outstandingHigh Wind in the Vall ey. Thechoice was unanimous. Thi sstory , sharp as an etchi ng, un­forgettably captures the crisisand turmoil of a aro up of

AS usual, the New Age shortstory competition attra cted

a large number of entr ies, andthe judging was a reward ingexperience. Reading the storieswas like directing a searchlightinto the homes and lives ofpeople all over South Africa.Many of the competitors hadnever written fiction before, butbecause of the topica lity andsincerity of the stories - andthe live, potent nature of theraw material-the stories throb ­bed with life. The most fre­quent themes , as one wouldexpect, were injustice andpoverty-yet few of the storiescould be called depressing.Humour, optim ism, coura ge,and a kind of sardonic. wrywisdom - the very qualiti esthat sustain the people in theirhars h lives-gave the stories avibrant, vital quality.

out of everything. It was justlike him, the old man thought:blaming everybody else ; hintingdarkly that Africans were re­sponsible for the trag edies ofre-classificat ion; hinting, too,that the presence of Africans inthe township was conne cted withthe present uprooting. The oldman spat with disgust. Venterwas making him sick, Venterwith his anti-this, ant i-that,anti-teachers-on-his-staff . . .anti-even-his-Afr ican m o t he rwhom he pretended was a ser­vant when visitors call ed at hishouse.

The sparse lights glistening onthe tarmac brought up a load ofweariness as old man Willi ams

THE town ship lay in shadow, L:~i;~hoa h~dn~~~~;h::s~Kth e sun having set behind to a scamp and jail-bird . . . .

the fir es of the br ickfield. It Perhaps Lulu was like him, but

looked cont ented like a dusky ~~ ;:a: o~t~i~on~ ~eu~lit~ haid

cat curled up in the lap of the ~~:ec~~nse~~ ~~ ~o%eur;dvalley. An occasional motor organisation of which Leslie wascar an d th e cr ies of children the chairman. . . . People said

accentu ated the stillness, the }~~i1~~ ~~u.ldB~~in~dgr~~nto~~~

early sleepiness. liaV:n:~~O~~y c~~;~~~ing tha t

~~~b~hZ itfsl~k~~nt~~trJel, Africans were crowdi ng themred with anger , poked at the out of thei r buses, bios copes ...

~~RyOfa~ili~H~~~g~~::s~~~ §1l11111J111111111111111111111111111ll1l1l1l1l1ll1ll 1ll 1ll 1 1 11~

~~d~~~~s~ooor~stan:n~:yw~~: ~ This Story by ~~~~~ ;~~:t~~y :~~sd~~~~. : r' ~ALFRED ~gr~p~~m~~n,b~tth~;~~i~~d ~ HUTCHINSON~g1u..eso~, ~~:~Od, man," old ~ won First Prize ~~ki~~.Il~~;r:Il~:~~~~~~~~,~ ~ in the New Age ~do this to us. . . ." He cast an ~ ::

:~~t~h~~rl\~~\~t~esk;~ley, the ~ Short Story !do'~<;a~~tod~~~h~y~e~~v~;::~ ; Competition ~made kaffirs of us • • • What !i11111l11l111111111l1l111111111111111111111111111 11l 1 1ll1ll 1l 1l~

more . . . •""Af ricans," said the old man

still looking at the houses in thevalley .

"Africans .•." Ventershrug ged his shoulde rs carelessly.

The old man was loo king atthe valley, caressing it with histired greenish eyes . H is eyesmisted with recollect ion - thegrind, sweat and stint of manyyears. Lon g hours over a sewingmachi ne had caused a hump onTina's shoulders and aged herbefore her time.

Twenty-five years ago, wherenow the township stood , hadbeen a brickfield, torn andbleedi ng, plundered to bu ildhouse s in the city. It was as ifan epidemic of a ~argantuan poxhad swept over It, pitting and

~~~i:to~~, ~~~li~~omJga~~~ ,....----------------------------,Tacks. had halted on the crest ofthe hill as if petr ified by thecarnage in the valley,

A company bough t the hurtpiece of eart h for a song. Euro­peans did not want it and it walloffered to the Coloured people .Starve d for a place of their own ,they bought stands and stakedeveryt hing. It would be a homeafter all the years of homeless­ness; somewhere to return toafter the day in the city ; some­where to brin g UP one 's children• • . home . Williams and hisyoung wife had been among thepionee rs. Lorry- loads of garbageand bulldozers ' filled up andlevelled the holes. And the oncewretch ed valley responded to theloving care lavished on it andits wounds healed and sprouts ofgreen broug ht forgetful ness ofits for mer torment. Now only afew scars remai ned betraying thebitter brickfield origins.

"Da mn it all 1 It was not goodenough for them then . .. Nowit's too good for us1" Old manSeptem ber shook a parched fistat the sky.

"Th at's it." said old man Wil­liams . "Everythi ng's too goodfor us."

Peop le stood in knots in thedusk. The air was charged withpanic, with alarm . In the duskcame Les lie Williams and Willie tDunn, breathlessly dishing outleaflets .

Vent er let the leaflet twirl tothe ground without read ing it."What do they know? Do they

:~~in~~~~ to defend? A

Old man Williams was on thepoint of defending his youn gestson who had turned out differentfrom the others . . . differentfrom Philip who W3.I teachi ng inthe Ca pe; different from Joe .1-----------------------------..

t-'IG;'t VVIIID

NEW AGB, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1958

toColoured Workers Unite GrQup Areas Puts

Fe h Cinema Ban on19 t I.C. Act Aricans

*

*

*

into a whit e famil y, or a whit emarrying a non-white, bu t thePress repo rts of a farmer rais ingan Afr ica n ch ild as his own sonmade one get the im pressi onthat said farmer had ra ised somerare species of cattl e.

I suppose it's such an unusualth ing for South Africa, like rais­ing a rose th at has a differe nt

'I1Janks, too, to aD-who dldo'tforget tbb ADey when yOD lentyour Xmu cardJ. See yoo ID'59.

- .

UP MY ALLEY

~~::;er:;e~~~eaartreaden an d othe rs a vewwy* mewwy one and a pyospeyous

A~lte.eVeD th ftJh wouldn't ~::. Near and confound the

* *

IT;o;fe a~eo~i~~:~l~OIl~~~ing the ex ample of that n .R .C.preacher-man and get themselvestransfusions of gorilla blood. It 'sguaranteed to make you beatyour bre ast and roar with energy.However, one man 's blood isanother man 's poison , as thosewho plug the apartheid-in­transfusions line have sa id ; sowe are waiting for the m to stockup supplies of gorilla blood forthe use of n .R.C . boys bef oredelivering future Bloo d Riv erspeeches.

BUT in SPit:of al l th e bloody By ALEXspeeches it appears that the

~~:v~~ero;VM~rJl~M:~e ~: LA GUMAthe straight - laces of revisedbathing suits. * *A~m~~nt.~lt=::Jre :U~Jin the dlsmption of family life colour every day, th at we canmust have confused Karl Man expect som e race - consciouswIth th e Urbao Areas A ct . people to be sta rt led .

*"WEha~: ~;:l~~n o~at~: p gi~:Sf::~d~ ::=/:ag::,

::n~ha~a~~OJri~da~d ~tga~d said the Dir ector of the KWV.Chris tian," said Herr Verw oerd It most have lilt him like a Joltin a bloody speech at Blood of home·ma4e brandy.River.

After havinz proclaimed him­self a devil on one occasion, DO­body', goina to be impressed byhis pi ety.

INth~r~~uf:~~c:ti;~O~~~over a black boy bein g ta ken

of us all. Unless We unit e to fightfor our rights we will have thethings we fear most, such as in­security. unemployment , sta rvationan d depri vation of our righ tsforc ed upon us,"

The I.C. Act was immoral, eco­nomically unsound an d contraryto all modern industrial develop­ment, and above all undemocra­tic, t h e confe rence declared.Lar gescale indust rial developmentin South Africa on whic h thiscountry's prosperi ty was basedhad on ly been possible by draw­ing in to productive activity thelargest numbers of workers of allrac es an d colour an d any curtail­ment of th is trend must haveserio us effects on South Africa'seconom ic expansion.

I CITEMENT SENTENCESREDUCED

JOHANNESB~G.- Sen- the magistrate. Their sente ncestenc es BKalost eighteen Con- ha ve now been reduced to six

::s=e;nci~::en7e::a~:oi~c~ months.Ma gistra tes Court, were re- Sentences of three others ­duced on appeal by the Supreme Hubert Mekuto, C!t r Iat I n aCourt The charges arose from Matthews and J. Ma)ola-werethe Ap ril stay-at.home cam- reduced from six, five and thre epai gn. months to~ two and one

The re were twenty appeUants month respectively.al toge th er but two of them , The remaining thirteen wereMessrs. A. Jassat and Jacob all Kiven suspended sentences.Mo goran e, were successful on They are Messrs . A. Selby . M.appeal, Bhana, I. Bhana, D. Vka, G.

Ste pheu Segale, Transvaal Vawda, P Matthews. J. Alex­Presi dent of the Youth League, ander, J. Tsele, F Manamela,and Isaa c Hokala, ex-treason F. Mahudl and two wom en,trfaUs t, were both sentenced to Mrs. M. Guo and MJss M.twe lve mouths imprisonmeot by LoUan.

CAPE TOW N.

J.l CONFERENCE m C~loured workers and repre­

sentatives of trade onions em­bracing 40,000 people em­ployed in the Western Capepledged last Monday night towork for the removal of racialdiscrimination enforced by theIndustri al Conciliation Ad.

A resolution passed at the con ­ference declare d that it would"unite th e force s of all Non-Euro­pean Organisations in SouthAfrica to oppose the suggestedamen dments ta the Act and tocontinue working for the removalof discr iminatory clauses in th eAct"

The meeting expressed its reso -

CAPE TOWN . white llople to an inferior status.

"Right To Work Should Be Free To All" T~e~:i:'sofm-::ri~: ~~: ~eS~~dU~\~: ~~i~~ f:Oi~:tests fr om managers. cine ma-goers common struggle for human rights

lute opposition to the implementa- of other jobs to Coloured people and organisations alike . and justice for all people."tion of Sect ion 77 of the I.C. Act must make us realise that the time The ban , which has been in tro- A VICIOUS INSTRUMENTgiving the Minis ter of Lab ou r the is overdue when we must make duced under the Gro up Areas Act, "Th e Group Areas Act, an d tbepower to over -ride an In dustrial our voices heard in the protection mean s that Africans who wish to whole system of racial dlscrfmlna-

agreement. of our human rights." se~'I~ ~l~nse~i~oa~i~n~e~~:~ :::~::nt:::~~ntoispr:v:~~I~::RIGHT TO WORK FEAR thing," said the manager of one of N on-European people from risin g

Opening the conference the con- "Fear _ the meanes t of all a chain of Non-European cinemas to the ir rightful place as free peo-

:h~i~a~r~f ~ht~~heerFu~~gU:: human motives - is today master ~~e~ea~~n~~~~:r~Sh~yne~~~ ~:ca..ln ~~:, ~~~fJ:ntsa~~ ~~

~o~~~, ~~onio s~~~"~hed:~~~: §!1I111111111 III11111111I1111I IIII111111I11I11III1I111111IIIII§ ~:~~o~o~ro~~eSh~~~~oEV~~Y~~; ~~;c.A.~.C.th:tro~~f; c~:dv:n~

M~~n~:~~~~ t~~J~eih~~ ~~le )~':ft::: ~New Age Wishes~ ~h=:el~~s ~~d th~e':::vetdo~~j~:, ~:e=~:~ ::I:~~~~~:ti::trial Tr ibunal. which is supposed S S no matter whom they ha ve been of this new discrimi na tory move

~~rrr;oJ~i~n,a~att:sit:r~~t ~~::~ ~ All Readers the ~ i~t:~n;n~e~tf t~~r :~t~:er:!p-Y to :~~::. t~: ::t:nt~rel:::'Ptha:s~;:minations pro ved to us tha t it is S. § N O REASON FO R BAN gle for fnll equali ty for all people,the re only .to pro tect the interests ~Comhlt1nents 0 1 the~ .The ~anager of an .indepen~e~t Irrespective of ra~e or colC?u~of the white workers at our ex- == r 'J == cinema m Athlone said: "This IS The proclamation prohibiting

pense." ~ Season andAllthe ~ ~Ji'can~~~~~in~asth~bjbi~~~o~ r:~P~i~~~~~::sn~r:&s f:°No~~="The brutal ~ction taken a28inst ~ § As long as people, no matter who ber~ 1957. Cinema owners had

our trafBc police and the closlog == Best for 1n '9 == they ' ar e, pay their fare and be- until January, 1958 to app ly fo r§ 7J. E have themselvevs they are welcome. permits to allow different races to

;:--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - § 5 I can see no reason fo r th e ban. attend the sam e cinemas. In the;ffUlIlIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIUFc Not very many Africans do att end case of Afric ans these permits were

the cinema and to preven t th em refused by the Minister of the In­from doing so is . . ." He just terior about a month ago , and theshook his head . ban came into force. There are

In a statement the S.A Co lour ed about 20 No n-European cinemasPeople's Organisation expressed in the Peninsula.once more its comple te re jection Cinemas which catered forof the Group Areas Act . "Th e WhItes, Indians and Colouredbanning of Africans from cinemas patrons had to apply for permitsis proof of our repeated warn ing to allow mixed au diences and thesethat Group Areas mean th e divi - ha ve been gra nted with the pro­sion of the population into ra cial vision that sepa ra te entrances,pockets and will lead to ra cia l separate seating and cloakroomsantagonism. It is an other step must be provided. There are onlytowards the relegation of th e non- two such cioemas in Cape Town.

CAP E TOWN.Police in the country areas of

Paarl an d Saldaoha Bay have beendescen ding upon hundreds ofpeople there delivering summonsesdemandio gj that they appear incourt for no t payio2 the minimumpersonal tax of £1 for 1958.

To avoid appearing in courtmost of the vict ims of this sur ­prise mo ve by the revenue depart­ment and the police. have beencompelled to pay sums of be­tween £ 1 an d £2 as adm ission ofguilt fines, in addition to the tax.

Copies of the summonses to­gether with piles of adm ission ofguilt receip ts shown to New Ageby the Secretary of the Food andCanning Workers' Unio n , many ofwhose mem ber s hav e been af-

Pbone 69-1028

~~~s~~l:, fo~~c8~~1l2se'ltf~~ MR . & MRS. J . A. LA GUMA ~~~e~nY~;~~3~£12 Os. Od. wish all comrades , frien ds and this mon th to just on half a mil-

Also Set of Dictionaries, cost relatives the compliments of the lion, efficial statisti cs disclose.£25 Os. Od.• sell for £15 Os. Od. season and a very success ful New The industries which are hardest

• Phone: 69-8291 Year. hit are steel, coal and textile.

___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ NBW AGE. THURSDAY. DECEMBBR 25. 1958~OOOOOOOO"OOOOOOOO"~OO~OOOOOO~~OOOOOOOO~~"OOOO"OOmOOOOOOm~ B ~----------------------

~ PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI ~~ RECEIVES ALGERIAN DELEGATES ~

Crown Witness Admits He Told Liesney-G eneral's chambers at Nai ro­bi on 19th November, 1952. Itconfirmed the alleged offer to himof (a) an air passage to theUnited Kingdom at £278; (b) twoyears' course in Local Gov ernmentat a Universit y at £1,000; (c) sub­sistence for his family for twoyears at £250.

It also state d: "At the end ofthe two years ' course in LocalGovernment the above named willbe offered a post by the KenyaGovern ment."

In his stat ement, ma de in Ken ­ya on Nove mber 22 this year.Macharia adds tha t he was dulyflown to Lond on on January I,1953. within a fortnight of givingevidence at the trial. He took thetwo year s' course menti oned inthe letter , at Government expense.

"In view of the serious natu reof these allegations," said Mr.Mboy a, "I call on the Secreta ry ofState and the Kenya Gove rnmentto institut e at once an impartial,judici al, and public inqu iry, sothat the truth or falsehood of theseallegations can be ascerta ined."

Non-Basotho other than a limitedn u m b e r of missionaries andtraders.

To qualify for the vote a per­son must be a Basotho or a Non­Basot ho British subject or pro -tected person, 21 years old, whopaid tax and had been present inan electoral area for six mon ths.

The discussions began on No­vember 15th and finished lastThursday. The Basutoland delega­tion consisted of the chiefs GeorgeBereng, Kelebo ne Nkuebe, MopeliJonatha n, Leabua Jonathan andS. S. Matete, with Professor D. V.Cowen of the Cape Town Univer­sity, who draf ted the consti tutionproposed by the Basotho,

The delegation has ann ouncedtbat it is "deeply satisfied" withthe results of the talks.

ew Constitulion Is Announced

FRANCHISE

The orig inal proposal of th eBasutoland Council that the fran­chise be res tricted to Basotho only,has not been adhered to. Non­Basotho British subjects in theterritory will have the vote on thesame roll as the Basotho, but thisdoes not affect the existing lawsdisqualifying them from owningland, and prohibi ting the entry of

The Counc il will consist of 80members of whom half will beelected by the district councils.There will be an executive ofwhom fou r members will be elec­ted and fou r will be British offi­cials , one of them being the Resi­dent Com missioner, who will pre­side.

The position of the ParamountChief will remain unaltered.

In term s of the constitution aLegislative Council, to be calledthe Basutol and Na tional Council.will be established, but it will no thave full power- "certain legisla­tive and reserve powers will re­main with the British High Com ­missioner."

A~~Iwe~ at: e :rfJs:government and the BasotolandCouncil On the main features ofBasutoland's new C:OnstitntiODwhich, according to Lord Home,tbe Secretary of State for Com­monwealtb Relations, has "the ob­ject of placinK more power andgreater responnbiIity in tbe handsof the Basotho nation."

The extent of these limitationsis not yet known , and until th eyare availab le it is not possible tomake any estimate of the exten tof the new freedom gained by theBasotho people . With regard tothe sphere left in the hands of the 1 _

British , the Basutoland Councilwill have only the right "to dis­cuss those matters with the HighCommissioner."

BOY DEMANDS E QUIRYIN 0 KENYAT A TR L

quest, France has benefited bymilitary and financial aid fr om itsAtlantic allies , in par t icular fromthe United States. This aid sup­ports a war of extermination ofthe Algeri an people, an d dange­rousl y threatens world pe a c e .The Algerian people, with butfeeble means, are faced with a truecoaliti on of the imperia list forces."he said .

Knowing that the struggle ofAlgeria was part of the liberationmovement of the peoples of Asiaand Africa , he contin ued, the hn-

=~is~~:~~e;;.ut ~~ ~~w~Africa . " But the re, too, thepeoples will force them to acceptdefeat . Tbe day is not far 011whenall of Africa will return to theAfricans ," he concluded.

~i:e::a:dth~e t:~: ~11;:te i~~~f~ iliei~~~:ee: p~~s~;for an official enquiry into the in the commission of the offencesframe-up trial and conviction of with which they were charged andKenya 's liberatory leader, Jomo particularly with regard to anKenyatta, who has been held in alleged initiation ceremony on theprison since 1952. 16th of March, 1950, at a plac e

At a nress conference in Lon- called Klamwange in the Kiam budon earl ier this month, Mr. Tom Distr ict implicating the first ac­Mboya, leade r of the Afr ican cused Jomo Kenyatta.elected members in the Kenya w~~I :~a;~~:~~~ti~gal~~ ~~~:e:;~i~~s~ftu~~d~j~e b~ub~~e a or en:: ; at. such time or at all nor wa~ thecrown 's key witnesses, tell inJt how said accused Jomo Kenyatta eitherat the request of the pros eca tlon a .participan t ~ or present des­be had lied in court in order to cribed at any tune or any placeget Kenyatta convicted. and de- to my knowledge.clarin g that the ot her witnesses al- "I further state that a numberso lied. of other Prosecution witnesses

Thi s .witness, R~wson Mb ogwa :::u~ ~du::~~ S;:iI;h.~Mach aria, ha d testified that ~~ had false evidence for the Prosecutionbeen .p~e:se !1t at an alle~ed ~au in the said trial and to the bes1Mau irutrat ron ceremony at which of my knowledge and belief gave~~rci~t~re~a~I~~~p~~~s. to have such evidence therein."

FROM ATTORNEY-GENERAL"MY EVIDENCE WAS FALSE" Together with the affidavit, Ma.

No w he says in his affidavit: charia has revealed the contents of"I admit that my evidence was a letter marked 'Secret and

false, and so false to my know- allegedly written from the Attor-

"GIGANTIC EFFORTS"

" The Chinese peop le are deeplyconvinced that, no matter howdifficult may be the road of thestrugg le, the Algerian people whohave raised the banne r of nationalliberation will sure ly triumph ."

IRRESISTIBLE

Speaking of the consistent sup­port given by the socialist coun­tries fo r all oppressed nations intheir strug gle fo r independenceand freedom , Chen Yi said: "Withthe support of the mighty socialistcamp . the nationa l independencemovements in Asia, Africa andLatin America have become anirresistible histo rical trend. Theday when imperialism will breatheits last all over the world is draw­ing nea rer and nearer.

"The socialist countries havestepped forward at every crucialpoint of struggle to sup port theindependent Asian and Africanstates, and have establishedfriendly relations of peaceful eo­existence with them."

Speaking in reply , B4n YoussefBen Khedda reaffirmed the resolu­tion of the Algeri an people tefight the imperialists and to attainnational independ ence and sove­reignty . "Th e Provis iona l Govern­ment of the Repub lic of Algeria,resolved to carry on the struggletill victory. rema ins a partisan ofpeace - but a peace with honour,dignit y, freedom and national in­dependence! " he said.

" Our visit has ena bled us tosee that the Chine se people, whosestruggle for freed om and nationalindependence ma rked an impor­tant date in the histo ry of man­kind, are making gizantic effortsfor the construction of their coun­try and ha ve achie ved enormousprogress in all fields. The greatresults which they ob tained inagriculture, industry and thesciences show that Ch ina is makinga true leap forward," he said .

"Thi s is a source of encourage­ment for our people who havebeen carryi ng on a hero ic strugglefor more than fou r years . The Al­gerian peop le are fighting an armyof 600,000 men armed with themost modern equipm ent of war.Th e loss in human life and mate­rial wealth has been considerable.

"In this war of colon ial recon-

Left to Right: Vice-premier Chen YJ, interprete r; Premier Chou En -lai; Youssef Ben K bedda;Mahmoud Sherif; Saad Dahlab.

Aid Promised For African Freedom FightDRAMATIC evidence of

China's growing interestin Africa and her willingnessto aid the struggle for inde­pendence of the people of thiscontinent was the state visit- unreported in our press ­to China last week of a top­level Algerian government de­legation to hold discussionswith the Chinese government.

The delegation of the Algeriangovernment - whose existence isnot even recognised by the West­ern powers - is head ed by threecabinet min isters:-

Mahm oud Cher if, the Ministerof Arma ments and Supplies. BenYou ssef Ben Khedda, the Mini­ster of Social Affairs , and SaadDahl ab , Head of the Min istry ofInformation.

The delegates have shown spe­cial inte rest in studyin g the expe­rience of the Chinese army inguerrilla warfare, spending a fullday with one of China 's most ex­perience d infantry divisions. Theyalso showed great interest inChinese-produced armaments.

BULWARK OF PEACE

Addressing the officers and menMahmoud Cherif said : "The Alge­rian fighters hold in high esteemthe Chinese People's LiberationArm y, because it is the bulwar kof peace in China and the world.

"Your arm y, equipped withmodern weapon s, is youthful an dvigorous . With this armv andequipme nt, you ca n defeat anyaggressors and safeguard yourmotherland.

"Th is army is an d will remai nto be the bulwark of peace anda stron a barricade against impe­rialism," he said.

He declared that the frat ernalrelat ions between Algeria andChina would see a new growt hin the futu re.At a state banauet to the

guests , China's vice-premie r ChenYi told them: "The Chinesepeople have always cherished sym­pathy and concern for the Alge­rian peop le in their [ust strugg lefor indeo endence and freedom .

" In the days to come . the Al­geria n people can always counton the resolute support of the650 million Chinese people I"Chen Yi said.

CHINA AND ALGERIAHOLD TOP-LEVEL TALKS

patio n of Western Province, whoare apparently going through achanging period. It was felt thatthe y would have given East ernProvince, the holders of theN.R.C . Cup , the hardest fight,although Transvaal are also strongcontenders .

Outwardly it may seem tha tthere is some domestic trouble inthe Western Province, but this isfar from the fact, for the who leorganisation is being rejuvenated,and even the name has beenchanged to the Langa Cricke tUn ion, with the complete re­moval of the racial tag . This isindeed progress. On the otherhand , th ey have lost two starplayers to other Unions. BenMa lamba , a great friend of CecilAbr aham s, one of the stars of theEast Af r ican tour, is joining theCen tra l League, while J. Nyama­kazi, ope ning bowler for theBantus , has joined "Tiney" Abed 'steam , Ros lyns, where he is bow l­ing better tha n he has ever don ebefore.

It is regrettable though that ableand well-known administratorslike A. Mshu mpela and H. H.M vin jela are not in office, bu t,kno wing them as well as I do, Iam sure they will be back "in thesaddle" before long .

Instead of W.P . being con ­sidered a trouble-spot, as atpresent, she has taken a mos tprogressive step, worthy of emu ­lation, and more will be heard ofthem in the future.

• Tha t the Go vernment maytry to for ce the SA. SoccerFederatio n (Non-Whi te) to affili­ate to F .A.S.A. (Whites), failin gwhich No n-Whi te sportsmen willnot be given passport facilit ies toleave or enter the country.

• Tha t Arch ie Moore, worldlight-heavyweight champion , hasbeen named "Fighter of the Year "by the U.S. Boxing Writer's Asso­ciat ion. "Ageless Archie" , as he isdubbed, is estimated to be 45years old, an age when boxers ar econsidered to be "washed-up".

• That if the Maoris are notincluded in the rugby team to tourSouth Africa in 1960, it wou ldindicate that they were second ­class citizens . " If they were first­class citizens. pride would forb idNew Zealand from being dictatedto by an outside country", is theview of the Union Theologica lSemina ry in New York . Th is wasconveyed to the Nat ional Councilof Church es in New Zea land .

• Tha t the W.P. Coloure dcric ket team selected to partic i­pate in the Sir David Ha rris tour­nament has not been favou rab lyreceived , although it is a goodteam , fo r this pro vince is blessedwith muc h ta lent. The conten tionis tha t selectors have shown Unionsentiment, instea d of Pro vincialsentiment.

• Tha t Enoch "Fighting School ­boy " Nhlapo has at last fulfilledhis early prom ise, in convinc inglybeating Joa s " Kangaroo" Maoto ,the S.A . ligh t-weight champ ion ,last week at Durban.

WE HEAR IT SAID., .

SPORTLIGHT 4by rJl:

ULEE ~

Publi she d by Real Prin t ing & Publishing Co. (pt y.) Ltd .• 6 Barrack Street, Cape

~~~ ~~~ p~~n::,~rb~f~~~~~J7tesBU~~~·)ol'~i~c~r:i:~~s~o~~wSfie~~:;s;rua new..Cape Town : Room 20. 6 Barrack Str eet , Pho ne 2-3787.Joh annesbur g: 102 Pro gre ss Buildings. 154 Comm issioner Street. Phone 22-4625.Durban: 703 Ladson House. 118 Orey street, Phone 6-88117.Port Elizabeth : II COurt Ch ambers, 12~ Adderley Street, Phone ,"IT.

DROPPING OF RACIAL THE SOUTH AFRICAN

TAG ~?S\~~~Dwi~h~?~~~::m~:~~The Sout h Afr ican Bantu cricket and supporters the compliments

tourn ame nt, commencing in 10- of the season and trusts that 1959hanne sbur g thi s week, has created will see all freedom-loving peopl e~eat inter est , bu t a litt le glamour further on the road to their com­has been lost by the non-partici- man goal.

BLACK AFFILIATION TOWHITE BODYDON:;'~h~w b~:: t~:res~rt~besides the United F.A. affiliatedto a national Wh ite organisation?Yes, it is the Bantu Athletic andCycling Union, a mine -sponsoredorganisation which caters onlyfor Bantus, and has a Mr. Botha,a white employee of the mines ,as its secretary. It is affiliated orconnected to the European S.A.Ath letic and Cycling Un ion. Afterapproaches by the non- racial S.A.Athlet ic an d Cycling Boa rd ofControl for this Bantu Union tobecome a sub- un it , Mr . Botha re­plied that the working arr ange­ment of his Union and tha t of theWhit e Union was most satisfactoryand cord ial, and they did no t wishto depart fr om this set-u p.

We wonder if this is the deci­sion of the Bantu Union its elf , orthat of Mr . Botha or the mi ninginterests he represents? Yourguess is as good as mine.

The Board of Con trol shouldonce again make contact wi th thisBantu body and try to get it toabandon this form of dummy re­presentation.

WEST INDIES TOUR­OFFICIAL SILENCE

Is the West Indies' tour takingplace or not ? This is the jackpotquest ion on everyone 's lips, butpro vincial administrators through­out the Union are not in the posi­tion to answer this or any otherquest ion appertaining to the tour,for to date they have received nointim ati on. officially or in wri t ing.I don 't think the natio nal bodiesaffiliated to the Board of Controlhave been informed eith er. Surely,this is a prepo sterous sta te ofaffairs ? F or no one in SouthAfri ca knows anything a t a ll, ex­cept the Board officials themselves.The publ ic only knows what hasleaked out thr ough the Press .Beyond that everyone is in thedark, and prov incial unit s ha veless tha n 11 months to prepare forthis tour.

If there is some need forsecrecy, the n by all means let itbe maintained, but sure ly th e affi­liated units can be taken int o con­fidence, for it is they wh o aregoing to fa ce the bru nt of thefinancia l levies, and th ey d o re­quire time to ra ise the neces sari es.

So please, Messrs. Pavadai andVarachia, keep your national andprovincial uni ts infor med , foralrea dy there is much dissatisfac­tion at the lack of information .You are doing excellen t work, nodoubt, and the whole cou ntry isapprec iative of this, but a timelybulletin issued fro m time to t imeas to what pr ogress is being made ,will create more goodw ill an d co­operation between ours elves andthe respective adminis trators ofeach prov ince . Already mu ch hasbeen said , by various scho ols ofthought, that the West Indies' tourshould be cancelled, and some ofthe cricket officials who arewholehearted ly in favo ur of thetour at present may become dis­illusioned and change their viewson accoun t of this lack of infor­mat ion .

ENCENEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 25. 1958 .

AtMr"ToCr.lNe

Rocaw ,

of free, inde pendent African States ."Nationa list ferment In Africa

is growin g in mom entum ; thereforethe conf erence must mak e a newappraisa l of the positi on w 'chexists in Africa today. We musthere work out the new strategyan d tact ics of our hoped for asplr­ations and .objecti ves, namely thefreedom and independence ofAfrica ."

He stress ed the need for unityand the need to resist the imperial­ist attempt to divide Afri ca bysetting tribe aga inst tribe, countryagainst cou ntry. He pledged him­self and his country to supportevery form of non-violent actionby which fellow Africans werestruggling for thei r freedom .

And then Dr. Nkrumah madea remark which has pe rhap soccasioned more comment thanany other in the conference. "Donot ," he said. " let us also forgetthat colonialism and imperialismmay yet com e to us in a differentguise, not necessarily from Europe.We must alert ourselves to be abl eto recognise this when it rear s itshead and prepare ourselves to fightagainst it."

What does Dr. Nkrumah fear?Communism? The Arab Move­ment? America? He has refuse dto elucidate.

If Nkrumah struck a level, un­emotional note, Tom Mboya, thechairman, was clear, confiden t anddetermined. "The question," hesaid, "which we have to decide isnot whether Africa shall be freebut when and how." He directedhis speech part icularly to the inde­pendent states and asked that theyshould do all in their power toimplement the resolutions theyhad made at the April conf erence."It is on ly," he said. "when thewhole of Afri ca is free that indi­vidual indep endence has any mean­ing."

Africa ns, he went on, were onlyasking for elementary hu manrlghts. Rig bts which tbe imp erial­ist powers had aareed to whenthey signed the United ' Na tionsCharter, And yet African leaderswere called irresponsible agita tors,were victimi sed and put in prison .

He stresse d that in the worldscene Africa should remain neut ral"If the grea t powers," he said."wish to fight each other , that istheir own business. They mustnot do it in Africa ." Like Nkru­mah , he made reference to newand hidden dan gers. "Africa mustnot become a playground for quee rand interesti ng games,"

He ended his speech with areferen ce to the South Afri cantreason tria l. "Those in theTreason T rial, " he said, "had thecourage to say that they wished

--- - ---- - - --- - ----- - I to be free . If they are guilty. thenall of us here in Accra are guiltytoo."

Much of the commot ion is over;the business is now to begin . Inthe morning the heads of delega­tions are speaking. In the aft er­noon five committees get down tobusiness in priva te session. Th ecomm ittees are to discuss in detailcolonialism and imperialism. racialdiscrim ination, tribalism and relig ­ous separatism, frontier and boun­dary que stions, and tbe possibilityof setting up a permanent organi­sation to co-or dinate the freedommovements in all parts of Africa.On Friday they will report on theconference and the resolutions willbe deba ted .

The tren ds of the conference arenot yet clear . Most of the con ­troversy cent res round the use ofviolence in the freedom struggleand the attit ude of the coun triesof Africa to the Communist bloc.

Wh en asked to elucidate tbeattitude of the conference towardsthe use of violence, Mr. TomMboya said tha t no Afri canswished to use violence, but theywere not pacifists. If tbey were

~~ck,re:::~eWO::d t~~~ol~~~~i 1- - - - --.,;- - - ,;",.,.-- ...:....- - - - - - - - - -powers to the reasonable demands

, of the African people conditioned• the meth ods which the Af ricans

~.l!~rJttJ..;~.~~t~..;~.t;~:·.- i\ used. (To be continued)

(Continued from page 1) Egyptian with a confident mannerdecorated with Bags, bunting and and a fingertip kno wledge ofslogans. Over the entra nce is Afr ican problems.written ' 'F orward to Ind epende nce, The second group consists main­Now," and inside, "H ands Off ly of thos e West African territoriesAfrica - Africa Mnst Be Fre e". for whom independence is a que s­The drive from the main road Is tion of time. circums tance s andlined with white Oagstaffs Oying diplomacy. They make no secretthe flags of the nine independent of the fact that their primaryAfrican states. interest is in the question of a

Here in this hall, last Mond ay West Afri can Union . Here themorning , Dr . Kwame Nkrumah, Nigerian delegations impres s. Chiefspeaking as life chairman of the Rotimi Williams, Chief AnthonyConvention Peop les' Party, gave Ena hor o fro m the Action Group.his message to the two hundred F. S. McEwan from the Nationaldelegates who have ga thered in Coun cil for Nigeria and theAccra th is week for the All African Cameroons, have tak en much ofPeoples' Conference. "Seek ye the organis ational side into the irfirst the po litical kingdom", he hands . If the conference is asaid "an d all else will be added success it will be largely due tounto you" . them. It is a clear indicat ion of

Whate ver the result of the con- the part that Nigeria-independentference , whatever it does or does in 196O-will play in a Pan- Africannot ach ieve, this is 'a historic Movement.moment. For never before in the But it is the th ird group whichhistory of Africa, has a conference Is both the larges t an d the mostof this size and complexity been significan t. The delegates fromheld on African soil. For some Algeria, from Kenya, from Southlike Ge orge Padmore, the West Afri ca, from Angola are out toIndian expert on African Affairs, exert pressur e.this is the realization of a dream "WE WANT WEA PONS"dreamed long ago by a group of On the first day of the confer-Af rican students in England - ence, Mr . Tom Mboya said : "Weamong them the young Kwame do not want pious resoluti ons fromNkrumah and the young Jomo the independent count ries. WeKenyatta. For oth ers like Tom want weapons to make our fight."Mboya, the Kenya leader, and Algeria asked for an intern at ionalchai rman of the conference, this army which should not be demo­marks a new era in African bilised until all Africa was free .history, when the freedom strug- South Africa asked for a continent­gles co-ordinated thr oughout the wide boycott of Sout h Africancontinent will grow in power and products.intensity. Here again there are im pressive

But for all it is a cha llenge, a figures. Dr. Omar Fou nod , fromchallenge to create unity out of Algeria, a thin, drawn man withdiversity in orde r to fre e Africa the face of a fanatic. EzekielIn the shortest possible tim e. Mphahlele from the South African

LUXUR Y HO TE L African Nat ional Congr ess, thick-More than two hundred dele- set, determined, uncompromising.

gates are here in Accra, represent- And from Angola a small, dapper ,ing 62 organisations in 25 coun- frightened man who apparentl ytries . Th is is a non-governmental walked over the Nigerian borde rconference. The delegates come three months ago and had hiswithout government authority - speech read becau se he fear ed th atmany without government appro- repr isals would be taken aga instval. Ob servers, fraternal delegates his family .and pressmen are here from all On Monday the conference wasover the world. Ghana's luxury officially opened by Dr. Kwamehotel , the Ambassador, seethe s Nkrumah. By eight o'clock thewith col our and life. hall was full . Two th ousand

The delegates fall into three Ghanaians lined the route, carr yinggroups: those from coun tries al- slogans, placards and ban ners­ready independent , those from "Down With Apartheid," " Breakcountries on the edge of indepen- Your Chains," "African Solidar ­dence and those from countries ity",where the struggle is still going on. Dr. Nkrumah spoke for fortyThose from the first group come minutes. It was a calm, low­to help and encourage in the belief keyed, deliberate speech. "Thisthat no country in Africa can rest conference," he said, "op ens a newuntil tho whole of Africa is free . era in African history and ou rConspicuous is the delegation from struggle to wipe out imperialismthe Unite d Arab Repu blic, led by and colonialism from the cont inentDoctor Foud Gala l, a short , squat and erect in their place a unio n