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Cavern storage of gas/hydrogen
GERG workshop
Wytze SloterdijkBrussel, 13-10-2010
Schematic ofcompletion
packer
SSSV
salt
soil
Schematic of cavern storage
Naturalhy:Overall Conclusions from Safety Work Package
• We can add up to 30% hydrogen without adversely increasing risk topublic significantly and without any additional mitigation measures
• The addition of 40 – 50% hydrogen would probably also beachievable without unacceptably increasing the risk to the publicfrom the pipeline system or explosions in properties. However, insome circumstances the increase in explosion severity may be anissue and mitigation measures may need to be adopted
Transmission pipelinesTransmission pipelinesFatigue behaviour of X52Fatigue behaviour of X52
• Mixtures with up to 50% H2 are not criticalX52 base metal and weld metal in 100% natural gas and 50% H2
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
10
1 10 100stress intensity factor range ∆K [MPa√m] and Kmax >40MPa√m
crac
k gr
owth
rate
∆a/∆
N[ µ
m/c
ycle
]
BS 7910, air: meanBS 7910, air: mean + 2SDX52 base metal in 100% natural gasX52 weld metal in 100% natural gasX52 base metal in 50% H2X52 base metal in 50% H2: sinusX52 weld metal in 50% H2
P = 66 bar
< 0.01um/cycle= acceptable
Kmax: 38,1
DurabilityDurability ConclusionsConclusions
Transmission pipelines:* Final results give confidence in the technical feasibility of
injecting H2 in NG pipes– Fatigue behaviour is the most critical mechanism– Up to 50% vol. H2 should be feasible
* However, other devices along the transmission grids…
Distribution networks:* PE and PVC are not effected by hydrogen* Increased losses due to permeation (no safety issue)
Questions
• CH4/H2
• Tightness of:– cavern (salt and completion)
• Do safety criteria for cavern selection still hold• How about Well Head• Operating swing (high delta P) and surface
equipment
