Cathedral Power Point

8/9/2019 Cathedral Power Point

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Medieval Churches & Cathedrals

By Wesley Warner and OliviaLeroux


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Evolution of the Medieval CathedralThe time in which the cathedrals were built was a very uncertain time. Life expectancywas short, food was scarce, population was low, and finances were lacking. Buildershad to build on a huge scale without access to time saving tools that we have today,like cranes and hoists. To build a cathedral, stone carvers, carpenters, a master mason,an architect, a master stone cutter, laborers, a stone dresser, a black smith, plumbers,

a roofer, mortar makers, a glazier or glass maker, a stained glass craftsman, andsculptors were needed.


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Cross-in-Square 537 A.D.This church, in 537 A.D. ofthe medieval times, is built inthe cross-in-square style

which was made famousfrom the Hagia Sophia HolyWisdom Church inConstantinople. This churchbecame the capital of theByzantine empire. This was amajor breakthrough in

Orthodox Christian Churcharchitecture.


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Stability and Peace, 1000 A.D.

In 1000 A.D., throughouttimes of turmoil, a church

was a unit of stability andpeace. Monasteries hadinfluenced landdevelopments and theRomanesque and Gothicarchitecture styles were

developed and greatlyfocused upon.


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Loss of Spirit, 1500 A.D.In this time period, churchtowers were erected. But,along with these new

cathedral characteristics, thetrue spirit of medieval churcharchitecture was lost.Accompanying the end of thismedieval cathedral period,architecture quickly shifted

from Romanesque style to asymbol of linear Normanarchitecture.


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Styles of Architecture

During the Medieval

Times, there were twomain types ofarchitecture. These twostyles were the basicarchitecture of mostmedieval cathedrals.

These styles consistedof Gothic Architectureand Romanesque StyleArchitecture


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Romanesque Architecture

Descending from Romancustoms, RomanesqueArchitecture is a cathedralstyle architecture madeup of semi-circular,pointed arches. With highquality thick walls, sturdypiers, large towers, groin

vaults and decorativearcading, thisRomanesque stylebecame very popular forall cathedral architectureduring the Medieval Ages.


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Gothic Architecture

Gothic architecture is a namethat evolved along with the

Medieval era. First know as"the French style," this typeof architecture evolvedfrom Romanesque styleconstruction and was giventhe name "gothic" duringthe conclusion of theRenaissance. With a great

range of designs, gothicarchitecture was applied toseveral cathedrals, parishchurches, abbeys, palaces,castles and manymore famous structures ofEurope.


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Characteristics of Gothic Cathedrals

Flying But t ress Ribbed Vault Pointed Arch

Stone was cut with precisionWalls were solid- allowing them to hold far greater weights - the Gothic style of Castle Building andArchitecture provided much bigger castles.The use of the Gothic arch led to the construction of light and airy structuresWider window openings and Gothic Rose Windows.The introduction of flying buttresses.

Decorative designs and sculptures including Gargoyles.


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Materials Used in Gothic CathedralsLimestone-Limestone was the most used material in m aking thecathedrals. It was used to make the outer cathedral walls

Red Sandstone-Red Sandstone was a less common building material and wasused in the same way as limestone.

Purbeck Rock-Purbeck rock was mostly used to tile the cathedral floors

Limestone

Red Sandstone

Purbeck Rock


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Uses of the Medieval Cathedral

The cathedral is a symbol of god, his power, andhow people respected him. It was saw that themore splendid the architecture, the more thatchurch praised god.

The Roman Catholic Church was the largest unifyingstructure in medieval Europe. Other than a small

number of Jews, it touched everyone's life from thehigh class to the serfs.

In the nave, an area which belonged to thepeople of the parish, manor courts were oftenheld where tenants came to pay rent andreceived a free meal for this duty.


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Uses of the MedievalCathedral

Services and Plays

A Market

Cathedrals were not only a place to worship God, but aplace that towns people would go as a part of theirdaily lives


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How They Were Built

A medieval building sitecould em ploy hundreds

of workers and peoplewould travel from m ilesaround to take part incathedral building. Acraftsman could beginthe building of a

m edieval cathedral andeven that m an'sgrandson wouldn't see itfinished.


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Medieval Architecture. History for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May. 2010.

Medieval Church Architecture History Learning. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May. 2010.

Medieval Churches and Monasteries Britain Express. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 May.2010.

St. Martins Cathedral. N.p. Michaela-August. Web. 3 May. 2010.

Notre Dame. N.p. Paris Lodging. Web. 4 May. 2010.

Stained Glass. N.p.Hhamovhotov. Web. 7 May. 2010.

Romanesque. N.p. Britannica. Web. 8 May. 2010.

Gothic Architecture. N.p.About. Web. 5 May. 2010.

Limestone. N.p. Lafayettemasonry. Web. 6 May. 2010.

Red Sandstone. N.p. Statesymbolsusa. Web. 4 May. 2010

Purbeck. N.p. Salvoweb. Web. 3 May. 2010.

Malmesbury Abbey. N.d. Malmesbury, England. Igougo. Web. 9 May 2010.

Parts of the Gothic Cathedral. N.d., n.p.Absolute Astronomy. Web. 10 May 2010

Bibliography

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