Cases Juris of Rtc

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G.R. No. L-26816 February 28,1967

PABLO DE JESUS,ENGRA!A DE JESUS a"#$ANUELA DE JESUS, %e&'&'o"er(,

)(.

*ON. GREGOR!O N.GAR!A, Ju#+e o &e '&your& o $a"'a, Bra"/ !

0*E S*ELL O$PAN OF0*E P*!L!PP!NES, L0D.,$A!$A DE Je(u( a"#

SAL3ADOR BARR!OS,

re(%o"#e"&(.

Fer'a, Fer'a, Lu+&o 4 La5O or %e&'&'o"er(.

Sa)a#or Barr'o( or re(%o"#e"&(.

SAN*E, J.

Beore u( u%o" a" or'+'"aa/&'o" o /er&'orar' a"# %ro'b'&'o", are &o ur'(#'/&'o"a '((ue( 'r(&, ur'(#'/&'o" o)er &e

(ube/& :a&&er; a"# (e/o"#, &e %oer o &e '&y our& o

$a"'a &o '((ue a r'& o

%re':'"ary or '"a '"u"/&'o" <

u%o" &e a/&ua a)er:e"&(ere'"a&er &o be re/'&e#. 0e %robe: /ro%%e# u% be/au(e %e&'&'o"er(5 :o&'o" &o

#'(:'(( &e /o:%a'"& a"# &o#'((o)e &e r'& o %re':'"ary'"u"/&'o" u%o" &e abo)e+rou"#(, '" &a& /a(e 'e# by

%r'"/'%a '"#')'#ua re(%o"#e"&(a+a'"(& &e: '" &e /'&y /our&,1a( #e"'e#, a"# &e'r :o&'o" &ore/o"('#er ree/&e#.

0e %')o&a #'(%u&e# ae+a&'o"(o &e )er''e# /o:%a'"& beoare &e(e 0e" %er(o"(,2 a:o"+o: are

%e&'&'o"er( a"# re(%o"#e"&,$a=':a #e Je(u(, are /o-o"er( o ('= >6? %ar/e( o a"#ru""'"+ ao"+ E(%a@a P.

a:%a a"# A#e'"a S&ree&( '"Sa:%ao/, $a"'a.A#:'"'(&ra&r'= &ereo a"# /o-o"er( a&&or"ey-'"-a/& '($a=':a

#e Je(u(. *er (&'%ua&e#/o:%e"(a&'o" '( 1 o &ere"&a(. 0e :o"&y re/e'%&(

('+"e# by ea/ /o-o"er, or

'(Cer re"&a (are, '( '" a or:re%ro#u/e# '" &e /o:%a'"& a(oo(

REE!3ED ro: $r(. $a=':a#e Je(u( Barr'o( &e (u:o .................. a( :y (are, '"

&e re"&a /oe/&e# or

&'( :o"&, o" &e %ro%er&'e( o '/ ! a: a /o-o"er. 0e" %er /e"& >1? o (a'# re"&a( a# bee"

%re)'ou(y #e#u/&e# a( a+ree#u%o" by :e, or er a#:'"'(&ra&'o" ee &o+e&er '&

er e=%e"(e( /o"/er"'"+

a /oe/&or a"# a" A&&or"ey &a&(e :ay e:%oy &o !NREASEra&e, %re)e"& arrear(, a"# ee/&(&ubbor"

&e"a"&. 1 % 1 . @ &

Le((ee o &e %ro%er&y '( Se

o:%a"y o &e P''%%'"e(,L&#. 0e or'+'"a ea(e /o"&ra/&a( #a&e# Au+u(& 2

a"# 29, 19H. 0'( ea(e a(re"ee# by '"(&ru:e"& e=e/u&e#o" Ja"uary 1, 1966, ereu"#er, &rou+ &e

eor&( o $a=':a #e Je(u(, &e

:o"&y re"&a( ere '"/rea(e#

ro: P8H. &o P,H.#ur'"+ &e 'r(& &e" >1?

year( a"# &o PI,. or &e(ub(eue"& ')e >H? year(. Se %ay( &e re"&a( by '((u'"+ a/e/K or P,H. '"

&e "a:e o $a=':a #e Je(u(o, '" &ur", #'(&r'bu&e( &e(are( o er /o-o"er(.Pe&'&'o"er(5 :o"&y (are( o"

&e ba('( o P,H. :o"&yre"&a( are

$a"uea #e Je(u( 9CHI o

P,H. < P H8.

Pabo #e Je(u( 9CHI o P,H. < P H8.

E"+ra/'a #e Je(u( 1CHI o P,H. < P 68I.1I

P1,8H.8

Pe&'&'o"er( >#ee"#a"&( beo?,'" O/&ober, 1966 < (o &e/o:%a'"& ur&er a)er( < (ou+& &o u"u(&y #e%r')e

$a=':a #e Je(u( o er 1/o:%e"(a&'o". A"#, &orau#ue"&y e(/a%e (u/ob'+a&'o", &ey (urre%&'&'ou(y





&e %ro:u+a&'o" o rue(/o"/er"'"+ %ea#'"+,

%ra/&'/e, a"# %ro/e#ure '" a/our&( a"# &e a#:'(('o" &o &e %ra/&'/e o a;7 a"#,/o"(eue"&y &o

#e&er:'"e &e :ea"(, ay( or :a""er '" '/ (a'# ur'(#'/&'o", a( '=e# by &eo"(&'&u&'o" a"# a/&( o

o"+re((, (a be e=er/'(e#.8Rue( o our& :u(& y'e# &o(ub(&a"&')e a(9 o '/ ur'(#'/&'o" '( a

(e+:e"&. A :'(&aKe '" (&a&u&ory ur'(#'/&'o" :ay "o& be/orre/&e# by e=e/u&')e 'a&, bu& by e+'(a&'o".1

e :ay e %ro'& ro: &e'(e %ro"ou"/e:e"& '" $a"'aRa'roa# o. )(. A&&or"ey-Ge"era, (u%ra, a&

%a+e( H29-H, &u( er&a'"(&a&u&e( /o"er ur'(#'/&'o", %oer, or au&or'&y. O&er( %ro)'#e or &e

%ro/e#ure by '/ &a& %oer or au&or'&y '( %roe/&e# '"&o u#+:e"&. 0e o"e /a(( #ea('& &e %oer( o

&e /our& '" &e rea a"#(ub(&a"&')e (e"(e; &e o&er '&&e %ro/e#ure by '/ (u/ %oer( are %u& '"&o

a/&'o". 0e o"e '( &e &'"+'&(e ; &e o&er '( &e )e'/e

by '/ &e &'"+ '( &ra"(erre#ro: &e /our& &o

&e %ar&'e(. 0e oe %ur%o(ea"# obe/& o %ro/e#ure '( &o:aKe &e %oer( o &e /our&uy a"#

/o:%e&ey a)a'abe or u(&'/e.... 0e %ur%o(e o (u/ a

%ro/e#ure '( "o& &o re(&r'/& &e ur'(#'/&'o" o &e

/our& o)er &e (ube/& :a&&er, bu& &o +')e '& ee/&')e a/''&y '"r'+&eou( a/&'o". ...

2. A"# "o e /o:e &o &e ur'(#'/&'o"a area ao/a&e# &o'"er'or /our&(. A rue, &e

)a'#'&y o '/ '(

re/o+"'e#, '( &a& ur'(#'/&'o"o a" '"er'or /our& ' "o& be %re(u:e#; '& :u(& a%%ear /eary ro: (&a&u&e or

'& ' "o& be e# &o e='(&.11Su/ ur'(#'/&'o" /a""o& be broa#e"e# u%o" #oub&u

'"ere"/e( #ra" ro:

(&a&u&e(. Ab(e"& a (&a&u&ory+ra"&, "e'&er /o")e"'e"/e "or a((u:e# u(&'/e or %ro%r'e&y o &e e=er/'(e

&ereo '" a %ar&'/uar /a(( o /a(e( /a" u(&'y &e

a((u:%&'o" o ur'(#'/&'o" by(a'# /our&(.12

. Jur'(%ru#e"/e &ea/e( &a& &ea)er:e"&( o &e /o:%a'"&,&aKe" a( a oe, are a&#e&er:'"e &e

"a&ure o &e a/&'o", a"#&ereore, &e /our&5(

ur'(#'/&'o".1

Bu& u(& e=a/&y a& #oe($a=':a #e Je(u( #e('re '" er /o:%a'"& beo !" %a'"a"+ua+e, (e a(K( o &e

/our& &o /o:%e &o (e&( o #ee"#a"&( &o &oe &e '"e Se&o /o"&'"ue '& &e %re)'ou(

:a""er o %ay:e"&

>or:a #e %a+o? o re"&a( by:ea"( o a /e/K #ra" '" er a)or ao"e; a"# &e #'((e"&'"+/o-o"er( &o %ay

er &e 1 o &e re"&a( a(/o:%e"(a&'o" &o '/ (e/a':( (e '( e"&'&e# a(

a#:'"'(&ra&r'= o &e

%ro%er&y < %er a+ree:e"&. By&'( (e o%e( &o %ay er(e, a(a+a'"(& er #ee"#a"& /o-o"er(, &e 1 o

&e a&&er5( (are '" &e :o"&yre"&a( >P1,8H.8 ro: O/&ober

1966, &o De/e:ber 1, 197H;a"# P2,7I.7

ro: &e"/e &o De/e:ber 1,198?. A /areu a"# /o"('#era&ee=a:'"a&'o" o &e /o:%a'"& beo a( a

oe br'"+( &o &e ore &e a/&&a& %a'"&' $a=':a #e Je(u(

a(K( &a& &e(e #ee"#a"&(/o:%y a'&uy

'& &e'r re(%e/&')e/o::'&:e"&(. !:%'/'&, &oo, '"&e /o:%a'"& '( &e #e:a"#&a& er (a'# /o-o"er(

re/o+"'e er a( a#:'"'(&ra&r'=.!& '( '" &e /o"&e=& u(& re/'&e#

&a& %a'"&'5( a/&'o" beo/o:e( '&'" &e

/o"/e%& o (%e/''/ %eror:a"/eo /o"&ra/&. A"# '" &'( %o(&ure,e e=%re(( &e )'e &a& ur'(#'/&'o" re('#e(

G.R. No. L-26816%CC.a%'."e&Cu#ur'(C

ur'1967Ceb1967C+rM-26816M1967.&:



2 o H 11C26C21I 28 A$

'" &e /our& o 'r(& '"(&a"/e.For, (%e/''/ %eror:a"/e < &e(ube/& o &e '&'+a&'o" < '("o& /a%abe o

%e/u"'ary e(&':a&'o".1I

A /a(e '& a/&ua e")'ro":e"&(':'ar &o &e %re(e"& '($a"ua/&urer5( D'(&r'bu&or(,!"/. )(. u S'u L'o"+,

L-2128H, A%r' 29, 1966. 0ere, %a'"&' (ue# #ee"#a"& '" &e'&y our& o $a"'a &o a//e%&

#e')ery o

7I,H %'e/e( o %a(&'': ba+(, baa"/e o 1, %'e/e(or#ere# by #ee"#a"&, '/ &ea&&er or "o

u(&''abe rea(o" reu(e# &oa//e%&. 0e %rayer o &e/o:%a'"& '( &a& #ee"#a"& be

or#ere# &o %ay %a'"&'

P,76., &o&a )aue o &e1, %'e/e( o %a(&'': ba+(. Dee"#a"& :o)e# &o#'(:'((. Grou"# 0e

(ube/& :a&&er o &e '&'+a&'o" '((%e/''/ %eror:a"/e a"#,&ereore, '&'" &e e=/u(')e

ur'(#'/&'o" o &e

/our& o 'r(& '"(&a"/e. 0e '&your& u%e# #ee"#a"&,#'(:'((e# &e /o:%a'"&. A"#&e our& o F'r(&

!"(&a"/e a'r:e#. Beore &'(oa&, %a'"&' /o"&e"#e# &a&

&e (ube/& o &e '&'+a&'o" a(&e 1,

%'e/e( o %a(&'': ba+(/o"&ra/&e# or by #ee"#a"& a& a&o&a %r'/e o P,76., a"#,&ereore, '& a(

(u(/e%&'be o %e/u"'arye(&':a&'o". 0'( our&, '" a"

o%'"'o" by $r. Ju(&'/e Jo(e B.L. Reye(, rue# &a& &e

'&y our& o $a"'a a# "o ur'(#'/&'o", a"# #e/are#

0a& %a'"&'5( /o:%a'"& a(o(ou+& &e %ay:e"& by &e#ee"#a"& o P,76. %u('"&ere(& a"#

a&&or"ey5( ee(, #oe( "o& +')e a %e/u"'ary e(&':a&'o" &o &e'&'+a&'o", or &e %ay:e"& o (u/ a:ou"&(

/a" o"y be or#ere# a( a/o"(eue"/e o &e (%e/''/ %eror:a"/e %r':ar'y (ou+&.!" o&er or#(,

(u/ %ay:e"& ou# be bu& a"'"/'#e"& or /o"(eue"/e o #ee"#a"&5( 'ab''&y or (%e/''/ %eror:a"/e.

! "o (u/ 'ab''&y '( u#'/'ay#e/are#, &e %ay:e"& /a" "o&

be aar#e#. *e"/e, &e a:ou"&((ou+&

#o "o& re%re(e"& &e )aue o &e(ube/& o '&'+a&'o".

0'( our& &ere '&e# ro:$eba"e o&&o" Bree#'"+ S&5")(. S'#e(, 2H7 S 2; 21.J.S., H9, "o&e, &e

oo'"+, '/ '( '"#ee#'u:'"a&'"+

0e our& a( "o ur'(#'/&'o" o a (u'& or (%e/''/ %eror:a"/eo a /o"&ra/&, a&ou+ &e#a:a+e(

ae+e# or '&( brea/, '

%er:'&&e#, are '&'" &ea:ou"& o '/ &a& /our& a( ur'(#'/&'o".

!& ' a)a' re(%o"#e"&( "o&'"+e" &ey (ay &a& a& &ey(eeK '( &o %re)e"& $a=':a #eJe(u( ro: be'"+

#erau#e# o er 1

/o:%e"(a&'o" &o o"y P18H.8,

/o)er'"+ &e O/&ober, 1966re"&a; a"# &a& (ou#

#ee"#a"&( beo '"('(& '"#erau#'"+ er o er (are/orre(%o"#'"+ &o a"y o&er :o"&, '" re(%o"#e"&(5

a"+ua+e, e"&o"/e( (e %o#rare%e&'r '+ua #e:a"#a %or e(e:e(.1H Rea(o"( &ere are'/ ' (&o% u(

ro: +')'"+ our ':%r':a&ur &o&'( a#)o/a/y. our&( ' be(a:%e# '& er /o:%a'"&(.$u&'%'/'&y o (u'&( '(

ob"o='ou( &o &e a#:'"'(&ra&'o"o u(&'/e. Be('#e(, &e brea/o /o"&ra/& /ar+e# a+a'"(&#ee"#a"&( beo

'( &o&a a"# '"#')'('be. $o"&yre"&a( ' a)e &o ru" &rou+a "u:ber o year(. 0ere '( a"u"ua''e#

reu(a &o %eror: &e /o"&ra/&.Su/ reu(a +oe( &o &e e"&'re/o"&ra/&. !& '( &rea&e# a( a/o:%e&e brea/.

0ereore, bu& o"e a/&'o" < (%e/''/ %eror:a"/e < :ay be %re(e"&e#. For &a& a/&'o" :ay"o& be (%'&;



(u//e((')e a/&'o"( :ay "o& be:a'"&a'"e#.16 E(%e/'ay '( &'( %r'"/'%e &rue '" &e /a(e beoreu(. For,

"oere '" &e /o:%a'"& 'e#o" O/&ober , 1966, '( &ere a"

a)er:e"& &a& a& &e &':e ur'(#'/&'o" a(

(ou+& '" &e '&y our&, &eO/&ober, 1966 re"&a a(area#y #ue a"# %ayabe. A( a:a&&er o a/&, '" A""e=

2 o re(%o"#e"&(5 a"(er beore&'( our&, '/ '( Se5(

a"(er &o &e /o:%a'"& beo,&e oo'"+

a)er:e"& '" %ara+ra% 1a%%ear( S*ELL a( &o %ay &e:o"&y re"&a( o P,H'&'" &e 'r(& &e" >1?

#ay( o ea/ /o"&ra/& :o"&.

No&'"+ '" &e (&a&u&e booK(ou# /o"er ur'(#'/&'o" o"/'&y /our&( o)er a/&'o"( ere(%e/''/ %eror:a"/e

o /o"&ra/& '( %r':ar'y (ou+&.Re(u& 0e /'&y /our& a( "o ur'(#'/&'o" o)er &e (ube/&:a&&er.17

I. Nor #oe( &e a +ra"& &e/'&y /our&( %oer &o &aKe

/o+"'a"/e o a /a(e or '"a'"u"/&'o". O" &e

/o"&rary, (u/ au&or'&y '(e=%re((y +ra"&e# by (&a&u&e &o/our&( o 'r(& '"(&a"/e '" &ee=er/'(e o &e'r

or'+'"a ur'(#'/&'o".18 A"# &e/'&y /our& '( '&ou& ur'(#'/&'o"&o ear a"# #e&er:'"e &e /a(eor '"a

'"u"/&'o" a+a'"(& Se. .

H. Bu& e& u( a((u:e &a& a& %a'"&' beo /a':(, a(

a+a'"(& er /o-o"er(, '( bu& a u#+:e"& or &e (:a

(u: o P18H.8, er /o:%e"(a&'o" or &e :o"& o O/&ober, 1966. No"e&ee((, &e/'&y /our& re:a'"(

'&ou& ur'(#'/&'o". 0'( '( be/au(e &e (u: o :o"ey

a/&'o" :ay "o& be #')or/e#ro: &e '"u"/&'o" (u'&.

Bo& o &e: are &e (ube/& o o"y o"e /o:%a'"&. For, reay,'&ou& a :a"#a&ory '"u"/&'o"&o Se &o '((ue

&e /e/K( '" %a'"&'5( a)or,&e /er&a'"&y o /oe/&'"+ er

ae+e# /o:%e"(a&'o" be/o:e( %robe:a&'/a. 0e

a/&'o" &e" '( '"#')'('be. A"#,&e /'&y /our&5( ur'(#'/&'o" :u(&y'e# &o &e ur'(#'/&'o" o &e'+er /our& o

'r(& '"(&a"/e. E=%e#'e"/y a"#/o")e"'e"/e (o #e:a"#.19

6. ere :u/ (%a/e a(#e)o&e# by /ou"(e or &e %ar&'e( ere'" '( o" &e ue(&'o"o &e %oer o &e /'&y

/our& &o '((ue &e #'(%u&e# r'&o %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o" ear'er &ra"(/r'be#.

*'(&or'/ay (%eaK'"+, &e 191or'+'"a or+a"'/ a/& o /our&( '"&e P''%%'"e( >A/& 16 o &eP''%%'"e

o::'(('o"? a( ('e"& o" &e %oer o &e /'&y >Ju(&'/e o &e %ea/e? /our& &o '((ue %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o". Ne'&er

#'# &e o# 191 o#e o ')'Pro/e#ure >A/& 19? +ra"& &'( %oer &o (a'# /our&. e" aa&er (&a&u&e, A/& 2I1 o

&e P''%%'"e Le+'(a&ure>1911?, #'# e:%oer (a'# /our&&o '((ue %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o",'&( e=er/'(e a( ':'&e# &o

/a(e( '")o)'"+ or/'be e"&ry.A"#, (ub(eue"& e+'(a&'o"5(

a(o /arry &'( %ro)'('o", )'A/& 211, ee/&')e

o H 11C26C21I 28 A$

February 1, 1912; A/& 76I,ee/&')e No)e:ber 26, 19;

A/& 881, ee/&')e No)e:ber 1I, 191; a"# &e %re(e"&

Ju#'/'ary A/& o 19I8, a(a:e"#e#.

0o be (ure &e:%orary'"u"/&'o"( /ou# a(o be '((ue#'" /a(e( o&er &a" or/'bee"&ry; bu& &e" o"y :u"'/'%a

/our&( '" %ro)'"/'a /a%'&a( are %r')'e+e# &o +ra"& &e (a:e,a"# (oey '" &e ab(e"/e o &e#'(&r'/& u#+e.2

!" P''& )(. #e Lara, H8 P'. 76H,766-767,21 &'( our& a(a(Ke# &o rue o" &e ue(&'o" o e&er a u(&'/e o &e

%ea/e :ay '((ue a r'& o %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o" '" a"'e+a #e&a'"er (u'&. 0e a"(er a( No. Be/au(e &e a

':'&( &e '((ua"/e o (u/ r'&o"y &o or/'be e"&ry /a(e(. e&e" rue# ou& &e %re':'"ary'"u"/&'o" '" &e 'e+a



#e&a'"er /a(e a( '" e=/e(( o '( ur'(#'/&'o".

0e (&ro"+ %o'"& o" '/re(%o"#e"&( ere'" roo& &e'r ar+u:e"& '( Se/&'o" 2 o RueH8, '/ rea#(

SE. 2. o :ay +ra"& %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o". < A %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o" :ay be+ra"&e# by &e u#+e o a"y

/our& '" '/ &e a/&'o" '( %e"#'"+, or by a Ju(&'/e o &eour& o A%%ea( or o &eSu%re:e our&. !& :ay

a(o be +ra"&e# by &e u#+e o a our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e '" a"ya/&'o" %e"#'"+ '" a" '"er'or /our& '&'" '(

#'(&r'/&.

0ey %a/e &e a//e"& o" &e %ra(e a"y /our& '" '/ &e

a/&'o" '( %e"#'"+. Ar+uere(%o"#e"&( S'"/e &e /a(e

'( %e"#'"+ '" &e /'&y /our&, '&a( ur'(#'/&'o" &o '((ue %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o". 0'(ra&'o/'"a&'o" (uer( ro:'"'r:'&'e(.

F'r(&, e a)e rue# &a& &e /'&y

/our& a( "o ur'(#'/&'o" o)er

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+ra"& a" a"/'ary re:e#y&ere'". Se/o"#, &e 'r(&(e"&e"/e o Se/&'o" 2 (ou# berea# '" /o"&e=&. 0e a(&

(e"&e"/e o &e uo&e# (&a&u&e,"a:ey, &a& '"u"/&'o" :aya(o be +ra"&e# by &e u#+e o a our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e

'" a"y a/&'o" %e"#'"+ '" a"'"er'or /our& '&'" '(#'(&r'/&, e:%a('e( &e %o'"&&a& &e /'&y /our&, e=/e%& '" &e

/a(e( ere '& '( (%e/''/ayau&or'e# by (&a&u&e, /a""o&+ra"& %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o".0'r#, a( a#)er&e# &o

e(eere '" &'( o%'"'o",ab(e"& a" e=%'/'& a"# %re/'(e+ra"& o ur'(#'/&'o" '" &e /'&y/our&, "o a:ou"& o

e=%e"(')e /o"(&ru/&'o" ou#+')e (u/ /our& &a& ur'(#'/&'o".A& a"y ra&e, &e %ar&y %a'"&' '("o& '&ou& (%ee#y

re:e#y. *e :ay (eeK '"u"/&')ea(('(&a"/e ro: &e /our& o 'r(&'"(&a"/e.

U%o" &e )'e e &aKe o &'(/a(e, e ereby +ra"& &e

%e&'&'o" or /er&'orar' a"# %ro'b'&'o"; &e %re':'"ary

'"u"/&'o" e '((ue# ere'" '(#e/are# '"a; a"# &ere(%o"#e"& /our& '( #'re/&e# &o#'(:'(( ')' a(e No. 1HI6,

e"&'&e# $a=':a #e Je(u(,a('(&'#a #e (u :ar'#o Sa)a#or Barr'o(, De:a"#a"&e( )er(u($a"uea #e Je(u(,

E"+ra/'a #e Je(u(, Pabo #eJe(u(, y 0e Se o:%a"y o &e P''%%'"e(, L&#.,De:a"#a#o(. o(&( a+a'"(&

re(%o"#e"&( o&er &a" &ere(%o"#e"& u#+e.

S!NGSON 3S !SABLEASA$!LL

FA0S

!(abea Sa:' a(

or:e# by %ar&"er( Sa#ae"o,Lo" a"# 0':o&eo. S '&#rero: &e %ar&"er('% a"# a&er #'((ou&'o", L a"# 0 /o"&'"ue#&e bu('"e(( (&' u"#er &e"a:e !(abea Sa:'. 0e %ar&"er('% '( '"#eb&e# &o)ar'ou( /re#'&or( a"# &a&Ser' (o# &e a((e&( o !(abeaSa:' &o S a"# a(

(ub(eue"&y (o# &o a (e%ara&e/o:%a"y.

!SSUE

e&er or "o& !(abeaSa:' /ea(e# &o be a %ar&"er('% a"# &a& /re#'&or(/ou# "o o"+er #e:a"# %ay:e"&.

RUL!NG

O" #'((ou&'o", &e %ar&"er('% '( "o& &er:'"a&e# bu&/o"&'"ue( u"&' &e '"#'"+ u%o &e bu('"e((. !& #oe( "o&a%%ear &a& &e '&#raa o Sro: &e %ar&"er('% a( %ub'(e# '" &e "e(%a%er(.

0e a%%eee a"# &e %ub'/ a#a r'+& &o e=%e/& &a& a&e)er /re#'& &ey e=&e"#e# &o L a"# 0#o'"+ bu('"e(( '" &e "a:e o !(abea Sa:' /ou# bee"or/e# a+a'"(& &e %ro%er&'e(o (a'# %ar&"er('%. 0e u#'/'aore/o(ure o &e /a&&e:or&+a+e e=e/u&e# '" a)or o S#'# "o& re'e)e er ro: 'ab''&y

&o &e /re#'&or( o &e %ar&"er('%.

!& :ay be %re(u:e# &a& Sa/&e# '" +oo# a'&, &ea%%eee( a(o a/&e# '" +oo#a'& '" e=&e"#'"+ /re#'& &o &e %ar&"er('%. ere o"e o &e 2'""o/e"& %er(o"( :u(& (uer,&a& %er(o" o +a)e o//a('o"

or &e #a:a+e( &o be /au(e#:u(& bear &e /o"(eue"/e(.



A( /'&e# by &e A, &'( our&,'" &e /a(e o S'"+(o" ). !(abeaSa:',16 e# &a&

!" #e&er:'"'"+ e&er a"a/&'o" '( o"e &e (ube/& :a&&er o '/ '( "o& /a%abe o

%e/u"'ary e(&':a&'o", &'( our&a( a#o%&e# &e /r'&er'o" o 'r(&a(/er&a'"'"+ &e "a&ure o &e %r'"/'%a a/&'o" or re:e#y(ou+&. ! '& '( %r':ar'y or &ere/o)ery o a (u: o :o"ey, &e/a': '( /o"('#ere# /a%abe o %e/u"'ary e(&':a&'o", a"#e&er ur'(#'/&'o" '( '" &e:u"'/'%a /our&( or '" &e /our&(

o 'r(& '"(&a"/e ou# #e%e"#o" &e a:ou"& o &e /a':.*oe)er, ere &e ba('/ '((ue'( (o:e&'"+ o&er &a" &e r'+&&o re/o)er a (u: o :o"ey,ere &e :o"ey /a': '( %urey '"/'#e"&a &o, or a/o"(eue"/e o, &e %r'"/'%are'e (ou+&, &'( our& a(/o"('#ere# (u/ a/&'o"( a( /a(e(

ere &e (ube/& o &e'&'+a&'o" :ay "o& be e(&':a&e#'" &er:( o :o"ey, a"# are/o+"'abe by /our&( o 'r(&'"(&a"/e Q"o Re+'o"a 0r'aour&(. 17

.R. No. 1168IH No)e:ber 29,199H

SPS. R!ARDO BE$BO a"# N!OLASA BE$BO, %e&'&'o"er,

)(.

OUR0 OF APPEALS a"#

0*E PANGAS!NANDE3ELOP$EN0 BAN,re(%o"#e"&.

$ENDOA, J.

Pe&'&'o"er(, (%ou(e( R'/ar#o a"# N'/oa(a Be:bo, brou+& &'(/a(e or #e/ara&ory re'e '" &eRe+'o"a 0r'a our&

>Bra"/ I1? a& Da+u%a" '&y.U%o" &e'r :o&'o", &e /our&#e/are# %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&Pa"+a('"a" De)eo%:e"&

Ba"K a( '" #eau& or a'ure o '&( re%re(e"&a&')e a"# '&( /ou"(e&o a%%ear a& &e %re&r'a/o"ere"/e e# o"

De/e:ber 6, 199. *oe)er,u%o" %e&'&'o" o %r')a&ere(%o"#e"&, &e our& o A%%ea(5 0'r# D')'('o" (e&a('#e &e

or#er( o #eau&, '"#'"+ &a&&ey a# bee" '((ue# '& +ra)eabu(e o #'(/re&'o". *e"/e &'(

%e&'&'o" 'e# by &e

(%ou(e( R'/ar#o a"# N'/oa(aBe:bo or a re)'e by/er&'orar' o &e #e/'('o" o &eour& o A%%ea(5 0'r#

D')'('o".

0e re/or#( (o &a& &e %re&r'a /o"ere"/e a(or'+'"ay (e& o" Se%&e:ber 1,199 bu& &a& '& a( re(e& o"

O/&ober 1, 199 by &e &r'a/our& &o ao %e&'&'o"er( &oa:e"# &e'r /o:%a'"&. 0e %re&r'a /o"ere"/e (/e#ue#o"

O/&ober 1, 199 a( a+a'"re(e&, oe)er, a( %e&'&'o"er(5/ou"(e a# &o u"#er+o :e#'/ae=a:'"a&'o" '" $e&ro

$a"'a. 0e "e #a&e (e& a(O/&ober 27, 199. A+a'", "o %re&r'a a( e# o" O/&ober 27,199, a( &e %re('#'"+

u#+e, *o". Er"a Faora"A'%o(a, a( '" $a"'aa&&e"#'"+ &e or# Lao"ere"/e.

O" No)e:ber 9, 199, (e'((ue# a" or#er (&a&'"+ &'( a/&a"# (e&&'"+ &e ear'"+ o &'(/a(e o" De/e:ber 6,

199, a& 2 o5/o/K '" &ea&er"oo". A&ou+ &e or#er #'re/&e# &e /erK o /our& &o"o&'y &e %ar&'e( a"#/ou"(e(,

'& a%%ear( &a& o"y &e a&&er

ere +')e" "o&'/e. No"e a((e"& &o &e %ar&'e( &e:(e)e(.

O" De/e:ber 6, 199, Ju#+eDeo#oro J. S'(o" %ro/ee#e#'& &e %re&r'a /o"ere"/e a((/e#ue#. A( "e'&er

%r')a&e re(%o"#e"& "or '&(/ou"(e a( %re(e"&, &e u#+e,

u%o" :o&'o" o &e %e&'&'o"er(,#e/are# %r')a&e

re(%o"#e"& a( '" #e au& a"#au&or'e# %e&'&'o"er( &o %re(e"&&e'r e)'#e"/e e= %ar&e o"De/e:ber 27, 199.

Pr')a&e re(%o"#e"& :o)e# or are/o"('#era&'o". Pr')a&e

re(%o"#e"&5( /ou"(e e=%a'"e#&a& &e'r ab(e"/e a& &e

%re&r'a /o"ere"/e a( #ue &o&e a/& &a& o" De/e:ber ,199, e a# bee" &o# by Ju#+eA'%o(a &a& a "e

#a&e or &e %re&r'a ou# be (e&'" )'e o &e a/& &a& (e a#

bee" #e&a'e# &o &e Re+'o"a0r'a our& o $aKa&'



a"# Ju#+e Deo#oro J. S'(o", &e %a'r'"+ u#+e o ou# &aKeo)er, ou# a#u(& '( ear'"+(/e#ue. ou"(e

ur&er ae+e# &a& a( e a# &oa&&e"# &e ear'"+ o o&er /a(e(

'" a"o&er bra"/ o &e R0,e #'# "o& a%%ear

o" De/e:ber 6, 199 or &e %re&r'a /o"ere"/e o" &e /a(e.*e (a'# e a# a#)'(e# '(/'e"&5( re%re(e"&a&')e &a&

'& a( "o& "e/e((ary or &ea&&er &o +o &o &e /our& o" &a&

#ay be/au(e o a& Ju#+eA'%o(a a# &o# ':

>/ou"(e?.

A( '&( :o&'o" or re/o"('#era&'o" a( #e"'e#, %r')a&e re(%o"#e"& 'e# a %e&'&'o" or /er&'orar' '" &eour& o A%%ea(.

0e a%%ea&e /our& +a)e #ue/our(e &o &e %e&'&'o", "o&'"+&a& "o "o&'/e o &e %re&r'a a# bee" (e"& &o &e %ar&'e(

&e:(e)e( a( reu're# byP'"e#a ). our& o A%%ea(, 67SRA 228 >197H? a"#Pa&a'"u+ ). Pera&a, 9 SRA

H

>1979? a"# &a& &e "o&'/e (e"&&o /ou"(e( '((ue# o" No)e:ber 9, 199 a( or a ear'"+ a"#"o& a %re&r'a.

0e a%%ea&e /our& /'&e# &e %o'/y o &e a &o #'(/oura+e

u#+:e"&( by #eau& >'&'ba"K, N.A. ). ua, 22

SRA 7H, 77 Q199?,e(%e/'ay ('"/e '& ou"# &e#ee"(e o %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&(&o be %r':a a/'e :er'&or'ou(.

*e"/e &'( %e&'&'o". Pe&'&'o"er(/o"&e"# &a& &e a%%ea&e /our&

erre# '" o#'"+ &a& "o "o&'/eo &e %re&r'a a#

%ro%ery bee" :a#e, be/au(e&e or#er o &e &r'a /our&reerre# &o a ear'"+ a"# "o/o%y o &e or#er a# bee"

+')e" &o &e %ar&'e( &e:(e)e(.Pe&'&'o"er( /o"&e"# &a&, '" a/&,

%r')a&e re(%o"#e"&5( rea(o" or '( a'ure &o a&&e"#

&e %re&r'a o" De/e:ber 6,199, a( (&a&e# '" '( :o&'o" or re/o"('#era&'o" o &e or#er o #eau&, a( "o& a/K o

K"oe#+e o &e %re&r'a, bu& o e=/u(abe "e+e/&.

G.R. No. 1168IH%CC.a%'."e&Cu#ur'(Cur'199HC"o)199HC+rM1168IHM199H...

1 o 2 11C26C21I I A$

!"#ee#, '" '&( :o&'o" or re/o"('#era&'o" >A""e= P,Roo, %. H2?, %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&a)erre#

1. 0e ear'"+ o &e abo)e-e"&'&e# /a(e a( bee" (e& o"De/e:ber 6, 199, #ur'"+ &e&':e o Ju#+e

Er"a Faora"-A'%o(a, o a(#e&a'e# &o $aKa&';

2. 0e a(& #ay Ju#+e A'%o(a %re('#e# o)er Bra"/ I1, a(De/e:ber , 199, o" '/#a&e &e

u"#er('+"e# a(Ke# er abou& &eear'"+ o '( /a(e( '" &e

(u//ee#'"+ eeK. 0e a&&er &o#': &a&

e ou# be "o&''e# a( '( %a'r'"+ Ju#+e, *o". Deo#oro J.S'(o", ou# a)e &o a#u(& '(ear'"+

(/e#ue.

. Be'e)'"+ '" +oo# a'& &a&&ere ou# be "o ear'"+ o &e

abo)e-e"&'&e# /a(e o"De/e:ber 6,

199 a( Ju#+e S'(o" a(o a( &oa#u(& '( /ae"#ar, a( e a#a(o /a(e( &o ear '" Bra"/ I,&e

u"#er('+"e# /ou"(e #'# "o&a%%ear o" (a'# #a&e, a( e ou#'r(& a'& or &e o&er (e&&'"+&e "e=&

ear'"+;

I. *e, 'Ke'(e, a#)'(e# '(/'e"& "o& &o a%%ear, a&ou+

&e :a"a+er o &e ba"K oa( au&or'e#

&o a%%ear or &e ba"K ae+e#&a& (e #'# "o& re/e')e a"y"o&'/e o ear'"+;

H. 0e u"#er('+"e# /ou"(e a((ur%r'(e# e" e re/e')e# &eor#er o &'( *o"orabe our&

#e/ar'"+ &e #ee"#a"& a( ' '"#eau& a"# ao'"+ &e %a'"&' &o %re(e"& &e'r e)'#e"/e o" De/e:ber

27, 199.

6. 0e "o"-a%%eara"/e o &eu"#er('+"e# /ou"(e a"# '(

/'e"& o" De/e:ber 6, 199 a(#ue &o, a(



(&a&e# abo)e, e=/u(abe "e+e/&;

$oreo)er, &e (u'/'e"/y o &er'&&e" "o&'/e o %re&r'a '('rree)a"& ere &e e)'#e"/e(o( &a& &e /ou"(e a"#

&e %ar&'e( a/&uay K"e o &e %re&r'a. *ere, &e %r')a&ere(%o"#e"& a#:'&&e# &a& a /o%yo &e or#er o No)e:ber

9, 199, re(e&&'"+ &e %re&r'a/o"ere"/e o" De/e:ber 6,199, a# bee" (er)e# o" ':a"# &a& e "o&''e# %r')a&e

re(%o"#e"& o &'( #a&e a&ou+e a#)'(e# %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&&a& '& a( "o& "e/e((ary or &ea&&er &o be '" /our&

be/au(e o a& /ou"(e a# bee" &o# by &e u#+e. !& ou# be (eer &e/"'/a'&y &o '"('(&&a& &ere a( a/K o

%ro%er "o&'/e &o %r')a&ere(%o"#e"& a"# /ou"(e u"#er &e(e /'r/u:(&a"/e(. >.Ar/'a ). Ar/'a, 18 SRAH6

Q198H?

Nor a( &e "o&'/e +')e"#ee/&')e or reerr'"+ &o a

ear'"+ ra&er &a" &o a

%re&r'a. A( &'( our&, &rou+Ju(&'/e,

a&er 'e Ju(&'/e, Fer"a"#o,(a'# '" 0ro/'o ). Labayo, HSRA 97, >197? '" ree/&'"+ a(':'ar /o"&e"&'o" No

:er'& a&&a/e( &o &e /o"&e"&'o"o %e&'&'o"er &a& &e "o&'/e a( &o&e ear'"+ (/e#ue# or O/&ober 1I (ou#

(%e/'y &a& '& a( or a %re&r'a.A ear'"+ a( K"o" &o &e a'( "o& /o"'"e# &o a &r'a bu&e:bra/e( &e (e)era

(&a+e( o a '&'+a&'o". !& #oe( "o& %re/u#e %re&r'a.

!"#ee#, &ere a( "o rea(o" &o(u%%o(e &a& &e ear'"+(/e#ue# o" De/e:ber 6, 199a( or a"y&'"+ o&er

&a" a %re&r'a. 0e o#'"+ o a

%re&r'a /o"ere"/e a# bee" &e(ube/& o (e)era %re)'ou("o&'/e( &o &e %ar&'e(

a"# &e'r /ou"(e, a"# %r')a&ere(%o"#e"& "e)er %re&e"#e# &a&'& #'# "o& K"o &a& a& a# bee" (/e#ue# a( a

%re&r'a.

0e #'(/re&'o" a"# au&or'&y o &e re(%o"#e"& /our& &o #e/are %r')a&e re(%o"#e"& '" #eau&a&er '& a'e# &o a%%ear

a& &e %re&r'a '( /ear ro: T2 o Rue 2 o &e Rue( o our&,

a"# &e our& o A%%ea(,'&ou& a /ear (o'"+ o

+ra)e abu(e o &'( #'(/re&'o",(ou# "o& a)e a""ue# &e#eau& or#er.

0e &r'a /our& /ou# /er&a'"y"o& be au&e# or #e/ar'"+ %r')a&e re(%o"#e"& a( '" #eau&.

A&ou+ e a# bee"

a#)'(e# by Ju#+e A'%o(a &oa'& or ur&er or#er( ro:Ju#+e S'(o", o a( &aK'"+o)er &e &r'a o &e /a(e,

%r')a&e re(%o"#e"&5( /ou"(ea( "o& u(&''e# '" a((u:'"+&a& "o ear'"+ o" '( /a(e

ou# be e# a( %re)'ou(y

(/e#ue#, e(%e/'ay ('"/e e#'# "o& re/e')e a"y "o&'/e o a"y "e #a&e.

!"#ee#, e K"e &a& &e %re&r'aa( (/e#ue# o" De/e:ber 6,199. ! e &ou+& &ere a( a %o(('b''&y &a& &e

%re&r'a ou# be %o(&%o"e# o"a//ou"& o &e /a"+e o u#+e(,e /ou# a)e '"u're# ro: &e/our& a( &e :ore

%ru#e"& /our(e, '"(&ea# o a((u:'"+ &a& &e %re&r'a

/o"ere"/e ou# a+a'" be %o(&%o"e#. 0'( a( "e/e((ary

('"/e e a# bee" &o# o &e %o(('b''&y o %o(&%o"e:e"&:erey by &e u#+e or:ery&ry'"+ '( /a(e.

0e &r'a /our& a/&e# '&'" '&(#'(/re&'o" a"# /orre/&y e#

%r')a&e a( '" #e au&, a"# '& a(error or &e a%%ea&e

/our& &o '((ue &e r'& o /er&'orar'.

*EREFORE, &e %e&'&'o" '(+ra"&e# a"# &e #e/'('o"a%%eae# ro: '( RE3ERSED,'& /o(&( a+a'"(& %r')a&e

re(%o"#e"&.

SO ORDERED

Q*O JUR!SD!0!ON !SONFERRED ANDDE0ER$!NED



DE LEON )(. *ON. OUR0OF APPEALS

>2IH SRA 166? Fa/&( Je(u(Jabue"a e"&ere# '"&o a )erbaea(e /o"&ra/& '& U#ar'/o!"aya", or o"e year re"eabe

or &e (a:e %er'o#. !"aya" a(aoe# &o /o"&'"ue '& &eea(e ro: year &o year. orao"Jabue"a #e Leo" '( &e#au+&er o Je(u( a"# &e&ra"(eree o &e (ube/& %ro%er&y. !"aya" /ea(e# %ay'"+&e a+ree# re"&a a"# '"(&ea#,a((er&e# #o:'"'o" o)er &ea"#. e" a(Ke# by De Leo"

&o )a/a&e &e a"#, e reu(e# &o#o (o, %ro:%&'"+ De Leo" &o'e a /o:%a'"& beore &e R0or 0er:'"a&'o" o ')' LaLea(e; Re/o)ery o Po((e(('o",Re/o)ery o U"%a'# Re"&a(a"# Da:a+e(. !"aya" /a':e#&e"a"/y #'(%u&e &u( &e oer /our& '((ue# a" or#er a#o%&'"+&e %ro/e#ure '" a+rar'a" /a(e(

bu& (&' re"#ere# #e/'('o"De/ar'"+ &e ea(e /o"&ra/& be&ee" %a'"&' a"# #ee"#a"&a( a /')' a ea(e, a"# &a& &e(a:e a( area#y bee"&er:'"a&e# #ue &o #ee"#a"&5(a'ure &o %ay '( re"&a( ro:198 u% &o &e %re(e"&.O"a%%ea &o &e A, !"aya" ra'(e#&e (oe '((ue o ur'(#'/&'o" a"#

ae+e# &a& &e oer /our&,a/&'"+ a( our& o A+rar'a"

Rea&'o"(, a# "o ur'(#'/&'o"o)er &e a/&'o". 0e A, a& 'r(&a'r:e# &e &r'a /our&5(#e/'('o", bu& e" a" $R 'e# by !"aya" '& &e" (e& a('#e '&(ear'er #e/'('o" a"# #'(:'((e#&e /')' /a(e or a"& o

ur'(#'/&'o". !" '&( a:e"#e##e/'('o", &e a%%ea&e /our&e# &a& %e&'&'o"er5( /o:%a'"& beo a( a"/ore# o"

a//'" '"&er#'/&a

, a (u::ary a/&'o" or re/o)eryo %y('/a %o((e(('o" &a&(ou# a)e bee" brou+&

beore &e %ro%er '"er'or /our&.!((ue e&er or "o& &e R0&e" a/&'"+ a( a /our& o a+rar'a" rea&'o"( e:%oy'"+a+rar'a"%ro/e#ure a# ur'(#'/&'o" &o &ry &e (u'& 'e# by De Leo"- *e# e(.Jur'(#'/&'o" o &e /our& o)er &e (ube/& :a&&er '( /o"erre#o"y by &e o"(&'&u&'o" or by

a. !& '( #e&er:'"abe o" &e ba('( o ae+a&'o"( '" &e/o:%a'"&. !" or#er &o #e&er:'"ee&er &e /our& beo a# ur'(#'/&'o", '& '( "e/e((ary &o'r(& a(/er&a'" &e "a&ure o &e/o:%a'"& 'e# beore '&. A(&u#y o &e /o:%a'"& '"(&'&u&e# by %e&'&'o"er '" &e oer /our&re)ea( &a& &e /a(e '(, /o"&rary

&o &e '"#'"+( o &e re(%o"#e"&

a%%ea&e /our&, "o& o"e o u"au #e&a'"er.

No& be'"+ :erey a /a(e o ee/&:e"&, &e re+'o"a &r'a/our& % PNB ) P'"e#a >')'Pro/e#ure?

G.R. No. L-I66H8 $ay 1,1991

P*!L!PP!NE NA0!ONALBAN, %e&'&'o"er, )(. *ON.GREGOR!O G. P!NEDA, '"'( /a%a/'&y a( Pre('#'"+ Ju#+eo &e our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e o R'a, Bra"/ ! a"#

0AABAS E$EN0O$PAN, !N., re(%o"#e"&(.

FERNAN, .J.

FA0S

0e Arroyo S%ou(e( ob&a'"e# aoa" o PH8 ro: PNB &o %ur/a(e 6 o &e (ub(/r'be#

/a%'&a (&o/K, a"# &erebya/u're &e /o"&ro'"+ '"&ere(&o 0ayaba( e:e"& o:%a"y,!"/. >0?. A( (e/ur'&y or (a'#oa", &e (%ou(e( e=e/u&e# area e(&a&e :or&+a+e o)er a %ar/e o a"# K"o" a( &e La3'(&a %ro%er&y.

0 'e# '& %e&'&'o"er ba"K

a" a%%'/a&'o" a"# a+ree:e"&or &e e(&ab'(:e"& o a" 8

year #eerre# e&&er o /re#'&>LC? or V7$ '" a)or o 0oyo$e"Ka a'(a &o /o)er &e':%or&a&'o" o a /e:e"& %a"&:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"&.U%o" a%%ro)a o &ea%%'/a&'o" a"# o%e"'"+ o a"

LC by PNB '" a)or o 0oyo$e"Ka a'(a or &e a//ou"&o 0, &e Arroyo (%ou(e(e=e/u&e# a (ure&y a+ree:e"&.0e ':%or&e# /e:e"& %a"&:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"&arr')e# ro: Ja%a" a"# erereea(e# &o 0 u"#er a &ru(&re/e'%& a+ree:e"&.Sub(eue"&y, 0oyo $e"Ka

a'(a :a#e &e /orre(%o"#'"+#ra'"+( a+a'"(& &e LC a((/e#ue#.

0, oe)er, a'e# &o re:'&a"#Cor %ay &e /orre(%o"#'"+a:ou"& /o)ere# by &e#ra'"+(. 0u(, %ur(ua"& &o &e&ru(& re/e'%& a+ree:e"&, PNB"o&''e# 0 o '&( '"&e"&'o" &o

re%o((e(( &e ':%or&e#:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"& or a'ure o 0 &o (e&&e '&(ob'+a&'o"( u"#er &e LC. PNBore/o(e# &e rea e(&a&e:or&+a+e( e=e/u&e# by &e(%ou(e( Arroyo '" 0W( a)or.

PNB /o"&e"#( &a& &e (ae o La 3'(&a a( :a#e &o (a&'(y "o&

o"y &e a:ou"& oe# by &e(%ou(e( o" &e'r %er(o"a oa"



bu& a(o &e a:ou"& o e=%e"(e(oe# by (a'# (%ou(e( a((ure&'e( o 0. 0e Arroyo(o%%o(e &e ore/o(ure,/o"&e"#'"+ %r':ar'y &a&re%o((e(('o" o &e ':%or&e#:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"& by

PNB a:ou"&e# &o #a/'o" e" %a+o &a& e=&'"+u'(e# &e'r ob'+a&'o" a( (ure&y &o 0.

0u(, '" $ay, 1976, PNB 'e#'& &e our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/eo Xueo" '&y, Bra"/ 3 a %e&'&'o" or :a"#a:u( 9 a+a'"(&(a'# D'a"a Du"+/a '" er /a%a/'&y a( '&y Ser' o

Xueo" '&y &o /o:%e er &o %ro/ee# '& &e ore/o(ure(ae o &e :or&+a+e# %ro%er&'e(/o)ere# by 00 No. HH2 '"or#er &o (a&'(y bo& &e %er(o"a ob'+a&'o" o &e(%ou(e( Arroyo a( e a( &e'r 'ab''&'e( a( (ure&'e( o 0.

DE!S!ON OF LOER

OUR0S

Y F! - Xueo" %e&'&'o" a(+ra"&e# a"# Du"+/a a(#'re/&e# &o %ro/ee# '& &eore/o(ure (ae o &e:or&+a+e# %ro%er&'e( /o)ere# by 00 No. HH2 %ur(ua"& &oA/& No. 1H a"# &o '((ue &e/orre(%o"#'"+ Ser'5(

er&''/a&e o Sae.

Beore &e #e/'('o" /ou# a&&a'"'"a'&y, 0 'e# o"Se%&e:ber 1I, 1976 beore &eour& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e o R'a,Pa('+, Bra"/ ! a /o:%a'"&12 a+a'"(& PNB, Du"+/a, a"#&e Pro)'"/'a Ser' o Ne+ro(

O//'#e"&a a"# E=-O'/'oSer' o Ba/oo# '&y (eeK'"+,'"&er a'a, &e '((ua"/e o a r'&o %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o" &ore(&ra'" &e ore/o(ure o &e:or&+a+e( o)er &e La 3'(&a %ro%er&y a"# *a/'e"#a Ba/o" a(e a( a #e/ara&'o" &a& '&(ob'+a&'o" '& PNB a# bee"uy %a'# by

rea(o" o &e a&&er5(re%o((e(('o" o &e ':%or&e#:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"&.

Y our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e o R'a, Bra"/ ! re(%e/&')ey +ra"&'"+ %r')a&ere(%o"#e"& 0ayaba( e:e"&o:%a"y, !"/.5( a%%'/a&'o" or

a r'& o %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o"&o e"o'" &e ore/o(ure (ae o /er&a'" %ro%er&'e( '" Xueo"'&y a"# Ne+ro( O//'#e"&a a"##e"y'"+ %e&'&'o"er5( :o&'o" or re/o"('#era&'o" &ereo.

Y F! - R'a >:o&'o" or re/o"('#era&'o" by PNB?#e"'e#.

Pe&'&'o" or /er&'orar'.

!SSUE

ON &e re%o((e(('o" o &e:a/'"ery a( &a"&a:ou"& &o a#a/'o" e" %a+o &a& ab(o)e#Arroyo (%ou(e( a( (ure&y

*e#

1. NO.

0ere a( "o #a/'o" e" %a+o.Da&'o" '" %ay:e"& &aKe( %a/ee" %ro%er&y '( a'e"a&e# &o&e /re#'&or '" (a&'(a/&'o" o a#eb& '" :o"ey a"# &e (a:e '(+o)er"e# by (ae(. Da&'o" '"

%ay:e"& '( &e #e')ery a"#&ra"(:'(('o" o o"er('% o a&'"+ by &e #eb&or &o &e/re#'&or a( a" a//e%&e#eu')ae"& o &e %eror:a"/eo &e ob'+a&'o". 0ere%o((e(('o" o &e :a/'"erya"# eu'%:e"& '" ue(&'o" a(:erey &o (e/ure &e %ay:e"& o 0W( oa" ob'+a&'o" a"# "o&

or &e %ur%o(e o &ra"(err'"+o"er('% &ereo &o PNB '"(a&'(a/&'o" o (a'# oa". 0u(,"o #a/'o" e" %a+o a( e)er a//o:%'(e#.

PNB &ooK %o((e(('o" o &e':%or&e# /e:e"& %a"&:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"& %ur(ua"& &o &e &ru(& re/e'%&

a+ree:e"& e=e/u&e# by a"# be&ee" PNB a"# 0 +')'"+

&e or:er &e u"ua''e# r'+&&o &e %o((e(('o" a"# #'(%o(ao a %ro%er&y ('%%e# u"#er &e Le&&er o re#'& u"&' (u/&':e a( a &e 'ab''&'e( a"#ob'+a&'o"( u"#er (a'# e&&er a# bee" #'(/ar+e#. PNBW(

%o((e(('o" o &e (ube/&:a/'"ery a"# eu'%:e"& be'"+ %re/'(ey a( a or: o (e/ur'&yor &e a#)a"/e( +')e" &o 0u"#er &e Le&&er o re#'&, (a'# %o((e(('o" by '&(e /a""o& be/o"('#ere# %ay:e"& o &e oa"(e/ure# &ereby. Pay:e"& ou#e+ay re(u& o"y a&er PNBa# ore/o(e# o" (a'#

(e/ur'&'e(, (o# &e (a:e a"#a%%'e# &e %ro/ee#( &ereo &o0W( oa" ob'+a&'o". $ere %o((e(('o" #oe( "o& a:ou"& &oore/o(ure or ore/o(ure#e"o&e( &e %ro/e#ure a#o%&e# by &e :or&+a+ee &o &er:'"a&e&e r'+&( o &e :or&+a+or o"&e %ro%er&y a"# '"/u#e( &e(ae '&(e.

0e &ra"(er o o"er('% &oe=&'"+u'( a %re-e='(&'"+ob'+a&'o" '( &e e((e"/e '"#a&'o" '" %ay:e"&, &ereore '&'( "o& a /o"(e"(ua /o"&ra/&, bu&a rea /o"&ra/& a"# "o)a&e( &eor'+'"a #eb& rea&'o"('% '"&o a/o"(u::a&e# (ae.

2. DO0R!NE OF NON-!N0ERFERENE



A"o&er rea(o" or (&r'K'"+#o" &e r'& o %re':'"ary'"u"/&'o" /o:%a'"e# o '( &a&'& '"&erere# '& &e or#er o a/o-eua a"# /oor#'"a&e /our&.S'"/e Bra"/ 3 o &e F! o R'a a# area#y a/u're#

ur'(#'/&'o" o)er &e ue(&'o" o ore/o(ure o

:or&+a+e o)er &e La 3'(&a %ro%er&y a"# re"#ere# u#+:e"&'" rea&'o" &ere&o, &e" '&re&a'"e# ur'(#'/&'o" &o &ee=/u('o" o a o&er /oor#'"a&e/our&( o)er '&( u#+:e"&,'"/u#'"+ a '"/'#e"&( rea&')e

&o &e /o"&ro a"# /o"#u/& o '&(:'"'(&er'a o'/er(, "a:ey &e(er' &ereo. 0e ore/o(ure(ae a)'"+ bee" or#ere# byBra"/ 3 o &e F! o R'a,0 (ou# "o& a)e 'e#'"u"/&'o" %ro/ee#'"+( '&Bra"/ ! o &e (a:e F!, bu& '"(&ea# (ou# a)e 'r(&(ou+& re'e by %ro%er :o&'o"

a"# a%%'/a&'o" ro: &e or:er /our& '/ a# e=/u(')e ur'(#'/&'o" o)er &e ore/o(ure %ro/ee#'"+.

0'( #o/&r'"e o "o"-'"&erere"/e '( %re:'(e# o" &e %r'"/'%e &a& a u#+:e"& o a/our& o /o:%e&e"& ur'(#'/&'o":ay "o& be o%e"e#, :o#''e# or

)a/a&e# by a"y /our& o /o"/urre"& ur'(#'/&'o".o((e((e#

ur'(#'/&'o" &o &ry a"# re(o)e&e /a(e

FRAN!SA GU0!ERRE,$ON!A GU0!ERRE, JOSEGU0!ERRE a"# SPS.ERNES0O BEN a"# ADELA

BAJ!0, Pe&'&'o"er(, ). OUR0OF APPEALS, *o". RO$ULOE. ABASOLO, '" '( /a%a/'&ya( Pre('#'"+ Ju#+e, R0, F'r(&Ju#'/'a Re+'o", Br. I7,Ur#a"e&a, Pa"+a('"a",EUGEN!A GU0!ERRE,AUREL!A GU0!ERRE,LEON!LA GU0!ERRE,ARNEL GU0!ERRE, a"#

FLORA GU0!ERRE,Re(%o"#e"&(.

SLLABUS

1. RE$ED!AL LA;A0!ONS; RES JUD!A0A;ONS0RUED. < Re( u#'/a&a'&eray :ea"( a :a&&er a#u#+e#; a &'"+ u#'/'ay

a/&e# u%o" or #e/'#e#; a &'"+or :a&&er (e&&e# by u#+:e"&.!& a(o reer( &o &e rue &a& a'"a u#+:e"& or #e/ree o" &e:er'&( by a /our& o /o:%e&e"& ur'(#'/&'o" '( /o"/u(')e o &er'+&( o &e %ar&'e( or &e'r %r')'e( '" a a&er (u'&( o" %o'"&( a"# :a&&er( #e&er:'"e#'" &e or:er (u'&./raa

)'r&ua1a 'brary

2. !D.; !D.; !D.; A BAR 0O0*E REOPEN!NG OF A$A00ER JUD!!ALLDE0ER$!NED; REXU!S!0ES. < For re( u#'/a&a &o o%era&e a(a bar &o &e re-o%e"'"+ o a:a&&er area#y u#'/'ay

#e&er:'"e# by /o:%e&e"&au&or'&y, &e oo'"+reu'('&e( :u(& /o"/ur >1? &eor:er u#+:e"& or or#er :u(& be '"a; >2? '& :u(& be a u#+:e"& or or#er o" &e :er'&(;>? '& :u(& a)e bee" re"#ere# by a /our& a)'"+ ur'(#'/&'o"o)er &e (ube/&-:a&&er a"# &e %ar&'e(; a"# >I? &ere :u(& be,

be&ee" &e 'r(& a"# (e/o"#a/&'o"(, '#e"&'&y o %ar&'e(,(ube/&-:a&&er a"# /au(e o a/&'o".

. !D.; OUR0S; $AA$END AND ON0ROL !0SON ORDER. < !& '( '&'"&e %oer o &e /our& &o a:e"#a"# /o"&ro '&( or#er &o :aKe '&

/o"or:abe '& a a"# u(&'/e >Se/. H, Rue 1H?.

I. !D.; A0!ONS; 0R!AL;DEF!NED. < 0r'a '"/u#e( a %ro/ee#'"+( ro: &e &':e e"'((ue '( o'"e#, or, :ore u(uay,e" &e %ar&'e( are /ae# &o&ry &e'r /a(e '" /our&, &o &e&':e o '&( e+a #e&er:'"a&'o".

H. !D.; !D.; D!S$!SSAL OFO$PLA!N0; FA!LURE 0OO$PL !0* 0*E RULESOR AN ORDER OF 0*EOUR0, 3AL!D GROUND. < A /o:%a'"& :ay be #'(:'((e#or a'ure o &e %a'"&'( &o

/o:%y '& &e rue( or a"yor#er o &e /our& u"#er &e %ro)'('o" o Rue 2 o &eRue( o our&. !" &'( /a(e,&ere a( "o"-/o:%'a"/e by&e %a'"&'( '& &e or#er o &e /our& &o a%%ear a& &e(/e#ue# %re-&r'a.

6. !D.; !D.; F!NAL AND

EEU0OR ORDER, NO0SUBJE0 0O$OD!F!A0!ON. < O" &eo#'"+ &a& &e /ae"+e#or#er o A%r' 28, 1987,:o#''e# or re/&''e# &e or#er o Au+u(& I, 1986, e '"# &a&&'( /ou# "o& a)e bee" #o"ee+ay. 0e ear'er or#er a(area#y '"a a"# e=e/u&ory a"#

&ereore /ou# "o o"+er bea:e"#e# by &e (e/o"# or#er. No a%%ea a# bee" &aKe" by&e %a'"&'( ro: &e or#er o Au+u(& I, 1986,"o&'&(&a"#'"+ &a& &e#'(:'((a a( '& %reu#'/e.0a& or#er a( (er)e# o" &e:o" Se%&e:ber H, 1986, :ore&a" ('= :o"&( beore &e

%e&'&'o"er( '")oKe# '& '" &e'r :o&'o" &o #'(:'(( &e (e/o"#



/a(e o" $ar/ 17, 1987. O"&a& #a&e, '& a( "o o"+er %o(('be &o re)'(e &e :ea"'"+o &a& or#er by /o"('#er'"+ &e#'(:'((a a( '&ou& %reu#'/e./raa )'r&ua1a'brary

7. !D.; JUR!SD!0!ON; AOUR0 OF O$PE0EN0JUR!SD!0!ON $A NO0BE OPENED, $OD!F!ED OR 3AA0ED B ANO0*ER OUR0 OF ONURREN0JUR!SD!0!ON. < A u#+e o a bra"/ o o"e /our& (ou# "o&a""u &e or#er o a u#+e o

a"o&er bra"/ o &e (a:e/our& >:ea"'"+ &e (a:e u#'/'a #'(&r'/&? be/au(e bo& o &e: are u#+e( o &e (a:e/a&e+ory o a/& /oor#'"a&eya"# '"#e%e"#e"&y o ea/ o&er < e=/e%& o /our(e, ' &e(e/o"# u#+e a/&( '" &e %a/e o &e 'r(& u#+e '" &e (a:e %ro/ee#'"+(. 0e %oer &o

o%e", :o#'y or )a/a&e a u#+:e"& '( "o& o"y %o((e((e# by, bu& '( re(&r'/&e# &o &e /our&'" '/ &e u#+:e"& a(re"#ere#. !& '( re+ar#e# a( a"ee:e"&ary %r'"/'%e o '+':%or&a"/e '" &ea#:'"'(&ra&'o" o u(&'/e &a& &e u#+:e"& o a /our& o /o:%e&e"& ur'(#'/&'o" :ay "o&

be o%e"e#, :o#''e#, or )a/a&e# by a"y /our& o /o"/urre"&

ur'(#'/&'o". >-A, A:er'/a"Jur'(%ru#e"/e 6H?

8. !D.; !D.; RES JUD!A0A;APPL!A0!ON 0*EREOF$A NO0 BE E3ADED BS!$PL !NLUD!NG

ADD!0!ONAL PAR0!ES !N0*E LA0ER ASE. < A %ar&y:ay "o& e)a#e &e a%%'/a&'o"o &e rue o re( u#'/a&a by(':%y '"/u#'"+ a##'&'o"a %ar&'e( '" &e (ub(eue"& /a(e or by "o& '"/u#'"+ a( %ar&'e( '"&e a&er /a(e %er(o"( o ere %ar&'e( '" &e %re)'ou( (u'&>A"&'/a:ara ). O"+, L-29689,

A%r' 1I, 1978, 82 SRA 7?.

1. !D.; !D.; !D.; A PAR0ANNO0 B 3AR!NG 0*EFOR$ OF A0!ON ESAPE!0S APPL!A0!ON. < A %ar&y/a""o&, by )ary'"+ &e or: o a/&'o" or a#o%&'"+ a #'ere"&:e&o# o %re(e"&'"+ '( /a(e,e(/a%e &e o%era&'o" o &e

%r'"/'%e &a& o"e a"# &e (a:e/au(e o a/&'o" (a "o& be&'/e '&'+a.R. No. 886I Juy2, 1991

*ON. AR!EL . SAN0OS, a(Labor Arb'&er o &e Na&'o"aa%'&a Re+'o", %e&'&'o"er,

)(.

*ON. !LLLA$ BA*ON,a( Pre('#'"+ Ju#+e o &eRe+'o"a 0r'a our&, NR,BRAN* !!!, $a"'a,A00.

N!OLAS GERO*!, JR.,

A00. $ARJOR!EDODO!L, PR!S!LLAARRERA, re(%o"#e"&(.

Jo(e E(%'"a( or %e&'&'o"er.

N'/oa( A. Gero/', Jr. or re(%o"#e"& a"# o" '( o" bea.

GR!NO-AXU!NO, J.%

!" &'( %e&'&'o" or /er&'orar''& %re':'"ary'"u"/&'o"C&e:%orary re(&ra'"'"+or#er, Labor Arb'&er Ar'e .Sa"&o(

>ere'" %e&'&'o"er? ue(&'o"( &e ur'(#'/&'o" o &e Re+'o"a

0r'a our& &o '((ue a r'& o %re':'"ary u"/&'o" &o

%re)e"& &e e"or/e:e"& o &er'& o e=e/u&'o" '" a abor /a(e, a"# (a'# Ju#+e5( or#er #a&e# $ay 1, 1989 /'&'"+

': >%e&'&'o"er? or '"#'re/&/o"&e:%& a"# or#er'"+ '( arre(&

or #'(obey'"+ &e '"u"/&'o".

O" No)e:ber 6, 198H, a#e/'('o" a( re"#ere# by Labor Arb'&er eer'"a D'o(a"a '" NLR-NR a(e No.

1-1-8H e"&'&e#, a:a%' )(.Poy-Pa(&'/ Pro#u/&( a"#Cor

A"&o"y '"+, '" a)or o a:a%'. 0e #e/'('o" a(

a'r:e# '" &o&o by &e Na&'o"aLabor Rea&'o"( o::'(('o">NLR? o" Au+u(& 18, 1987.A&er &e #e/'('o" a#

be/o:e '"a a"# e=e/u&ory,a:a%' ob&a'"e# a r'& o

e=e/u&'o" a+a'"(& &e %ro%er&'e(,/o"('(&'"+ o :a/'"er'e(

a"# eu'%:e"&, o Poy-Pa(&'/Pro#u/&( or A"&o"y '"+.*oe)er, re(%o"#e"& Pr'(/'aarrera 'e# a &'r# %ar&y

/a': ae+'"+ &a& A"&o"y'"+ a# (o# &e :a/'"ery

a"# %'e/e( o eu'%:e"& &o er. Ne)er&ee((, &e %ub'/

au/&'o" (ae %ro/ee#e# o"$ar/ 29, 1988. !& a(/o"#u/&e# by De%u&y Ser' Ja':e Pa:bua" '" &e %re(e"/eo

arrera a"# er /ou"(e a&er

&e u#+:e"& /re#'&or a#





Pe&'&'o"er ae+e( ur&er &a&Ju#+e Bayo" a( "o ur'(#'/&'o" &o /'&e %e&'&'o"er or /o"&e:%&, or &e /a(e +re ou&

o a abor #'(%u&e.

Re(%o"#e"&(, o" &e o&er a"#,/a': &a& Ju#+e Bayo" a( ur'(#'/&'o" o)er &e &'r# %ar&y/a': or re(%o"#e"&

arrera a( "e)er a %ar&y '" &eabor #'(%u&e be&ee" A"&o"y'"+ >u#+:e"& #eb&or? a"#&e :e:ber( o &e

a:a%' >u#+:e"& /re#'&or(?,a"# (e a# "o e:%oyer-e:%oyee rea&'o"('% '& a"yo &e:.

0e %e&'&'o" a( "o :er'&, or &e %oer o &e NLR &oe=e/u&e '&( u#+:e"&( e=&e"#(o"y &o %ro%er&'e(

u"ue(&'o"aby beo"+'"+ &o &e u#+:e"& #eb&or >S%e/'aSer)'/'"+ or%. )(. e"&ro LaPa, 121 SRA 7I8?.

0e +e"era rue &a& "o /our&a( &e %oer &o '"&erere by'"u"/&'o" '& &e u#+:e"&(or #e/ree( o a"o&er

/our& '& /o"/urre"& or /oor#'"a&e ur'(#'/&'o"

%o((e(('"+ eua %oer &o +ra"&'"u"/&')e re'e, a%%'e( o"ye"

"o &'r#-%ar&y /a':a"& '('")o)e# >0ra#er( Roya Ba"K )(. !"&er:e#'a&e A%%ea&e

our&, 1 SRA 1I2?. e" a

&'r#-%ar&y, or a (&ra"+er &o &ea/&'o", a((er&( a /a': o)er &e %ro%er&y e)'e# u%o", &e/a':a"& :ay )'"#'/a&e '(

/a': by a" '"#e%e"#e"& a/&'o"'" &e %ro%er /')' /our& '/:ay (&o% &e e=e/u&'o" o &e

u#+:e"& o" %ro%er&y

"o& beo"+'"+ &o &e u#+:e"&#eb&or. 0e oo'"+ ru'"+( o &'( our& are a%ro%o(

e" &e (er', a/&'"+ beyo"#&e bou"#( o '( au&or'&y,(e'e( a (&ra"+er5( %ro%er&y, &er'& o

'"u"/&'o", '/ '( '((ue# &o(&o% &e au/&'o" (ae o &a& %ro%er&y, '( "o& a" '"&erere"/e'& &e r'& o'

e=e/u&'o" '((ue# by a"o&er /our& be/au(e &e r'& o e=e/u&'o" a( ':%ro%ery':%e:e"&e# by &e

(er'. U"#er &a& r'&, e/ou# a&&a/ &e %ro%er&y o &e u#+:e"& #eb&or. *e '( "o&au&or'e# &o e)y

u%o" &e %ro%er&y o &e &'r#/a':a"&. >Na&'o"a $'"e( a"#

A'e# orKer( U"'o" )(. 3era,1 SRA

2H9.?

0ere '( "o ue(&'o" &a& &er'& o e=e/u&'o" a( '((ue#a+a'"(& &e u#+:e"& #eb&or(>&e For:er

O"er? '" ')' a(e No. X-292H, our& o F'r(& !"(&a"/e>"o Re+'o"a 0r'a our&?Bra"/ !3 o

Xueo" '&y. *oe)er, a&a( e)'e# u%o" by &e Ser' are &e %ro%er&'e( ae+e#yo"e# by &e

Ne O"er( o &e 0$LGar:e"&(, !"/. 0'( a/& o o"er('% a( /a':e# by &e Ne O"er( or

%e&'&'o"er( ere'" '" &e'r $o&'o" &o !"&er)e"e beore &e&r'a /our&. Pe&'&'o"er( /o"&e"#&a& &ey ere

"o& &e or'+'"a %ar&'e(':%ea#e# a( /o-#ee"#a"&( '"

')' a(e No. X-292H; &a&&ey ere "o&

(u::o"e# &o a%%ear beore &e/our&; &a& &ey #'# "o& %ar&'/'%a&e '" a"y :a""er '" &e %ro/ee#'"+(

beore &e /our& a"# &a& &e#e/'('o" o &e /our& a uo #'#"o& '"/u#e &e: a( u#+:e"&#eb&or( o

(ou# %ay &e u#+:e"& #eb&,a"# &ereore &o /o:%e &e: &o %ay &e ob'+a&'o" '"/urre# by&e

or:er o"er o 0$LGar:e"&(, !"/., '&ou& #ue %ro/e(( o a ' a:ou"& &o a#e%r')a&'o" o &e'r

%ro%er&y, e(e&&e# '( &e rue&a& a r'& o e=e/u&'o" /a" o"y be '((ue# a+a'"(& o"e o '( a %ar&y &o

&e a/&'o" a"# "o& a+a'"(& o"eo, "o& be'"+ a %ar&y '" &e/a(e, a( "o& ye& a# '( #ay '"/our&.

>Ne O"er(C$a"a+e:e"& o 0$L Gar:e"&(, !"/. )(.ara+oa, 17 SRA H6.?

! &e #'(%u&e# %ro%er&y #'# "o& beo"+ &o &e u#+:e"& #eb&or



'" NLR a(e No. 7-2H77-8I,'& /ou#

"o& be )a'#y e)'e# u%o" by&e (er' or &e (a&'(a/&'o" o &e u#+:e"& &ere'". >Pe@ao(a,e& a. )(.

*o". 3'a"ue)a, e& a., 177SRA 778.?

o"(eue"&y, &e Re+'o"a0r'a our& o $a"'a a# ur'(#'/&'o" &o (&o% by'"u"/&'o" &e Na&'o"a Labor Rea&'o"(

o::'(('o"5( (er' ro: %ro/ee#'"+ '& &e au/&'o" (aeo &e %ro%er&y /a':e# by &e %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&, &o

(a&'(y &e /a':( o &e abor u"'o" a+a'"(& &e Poy-Pa(&'/Pro#u/&(.

*EREFORE, &e %e&'&'o" '(

#'(:'((e# or a/K o :er'&.

SO ORDERED.&e#.

OBLEA 3. A

2II SRA 11

FA0S

$ee"/'o( a"# '/o( /o-o"e#a %ar/e o a"#. 0'( a(ae+e#y bou+& by E(&eba"ro: a /er&a'" Ra:o(, &eae+e# a#:'"'(&ra&'= o $ee"/'o a"# Pura $ee"/'oW(e(&a&e. Obea a( ea('"+ &e" a

bu'#'"+ o" &e (ube/& o& a"#e)e"&uay bou+& '& ro:E(&eba"W( (o". E(&eba" &e"'e# a" ee/&:e"& /a(e &o '/e o". 0e re+'(&ere# o"er(&e" (o#

&e a"# &o Obea a"# &ey'"(&'&u&e# a" a/&'o" or u'e&'"+o &'&e a+a'"(& E(&eba".

*ELD

A" a/&'o" or u'e&'"+ o &'&e beore &e R0 #oe("5& #')e(&&e $0 o '&( ur'(#'/&'o" &oear &e /a(e or ee/&:e"&.Fur&er, &e (ub(eue"&a/u'('&'o" o o"er('% o &e %ro%er&y '( "o& a (u%er)e"'"+

e)e"& &a& ' bar &e e=e/u&'o"o &e u#+:e"& '" a /a(e o u"au #e&a'"er.

.R. No. 11789 $ay 11, 199HRO$EO 3. OBLEA a"#RA$ON S. $ELEN!O, %e&'&'o"er(,)(.OUR0 OF APPEALS a"#

JUAN S, ES0EBAN,re(%o"#e"&(.

BELLOS!LLO, J.:0'( '( a %e&'&'o" or re)'e o"certiorari o &e #e/'('o" o &eour& o A%%ea( #'(:'(('"+ &e %e&'&'o" or /er&'orar'a"# %ro'b'&'o" a"# #e"y'"+ &e %rayer or a r'& o %re':'"ary

'"u"/&'o" a+a'"(& &e or#er o 6A%r' 199I o &eRe+'o"a 0r'a our& o aba"a&ua" '&y, Br. 27, '/'&e# a"# /a"/ee# &e&e:%orary re(&ra'"'"+ or#er '((ue# byJu#+e Ly#'a B. *'%o'&o o &e$u"'/'%a 0r'a our& o aba"a&ua" '&y, Br. 9. 1

0e /o"&ro)er&e# o&, #e('+"a&e#a( Lo& 1, Bo/K 2, a( or:erya %ar& o a :o&er o& /o)ere# by 00 No. 266I o &e Re+'(&er o Dee#( o aba"a&ua" '&y, /o"&a'"'"+ a"area o 8,2H (uare :e&er(a"# re+'(&ere# '" &e "a:e(o $a"ue $ee"/'o >1C?, Pura$ee"/'o >1C? a"# 're#o

'/o a"# $ar'abee $. '/o>1C?. Sub(eue"&y, 00 No. 266I a( /a"/ee# a"# '"'eu &ereo 00 No. 6H1 a('((ue# '" &e "a:e o %e&'&'o"er Ra:o" S.$ee"/'o o be/a:e a /o-o"er '& Pura $ee"/'o a"#&e '/o( by )'r&ue o a #ee# o (ae e=e/u&e# '" '(a)or by '( "o #e/ea(e#a&er $a"ue $ee"/'o.

O" 6 Ju"e 19H8 (ube/& o& a( bou+& by %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&Jua" S. E(&eba" ro: $aur'/'oRa:o( o /a':e#&o a)e a/u're# &e %ro%er&yro: Ur(ua $ee"/'o, &eae+e# a#:'"'(&ra&r'= o &e

e(&a&e o $a"ue a"# Pura$ee"/'o. 2$ea"'e, %e&'&'o"er Ro:eo3. Obea ea(e# a bu'#'"+o/a&e# o" &e (ube/& o& ro: a/er&a'" $ar'u( E(&eba", a"ae+e# (o" o %r')a&ere(%o"#e"& Jua" S. E(&eba".Obea e)e"&uay bou+& ro:$ar'u( &e o& o" '/ &e

bu'#'"+ (&oo#. A( a/o"(eue"/e, o" I Juy 1991E(&eba" 'e# a" ee/&:e"& (u'&a+a'"(& %e&'&'o"er Obea '" &e$u"'/'%a 0r'a our& o aba"a&ua" '&y #o/Ke&e# a(')' a(e No. 1H88. O" A%r' 1992, &e /a(e a(#e/'#e# by Ju#+e Ro:eo G.$aur'/'o '" a)or o E(&eba"

a"#a+a'"(& %e&'&'o"er Obea oa( or#ere# &o )a/a&e &e %re:'(e( a"# %ay re"&a arrear(ro: Ja"uary 198, a( e a('&'+a&'o" e=%e"(e( a"#a&&or"ey5( ee( '" &e &o&a (u:o P8,..O" a%%ea, &e Re+'o"a 0r'aour& o aba"a&ua" '&yre"#ere# u#+:e"& o" 26 $ar/199 :o#'y'"+ &e $0



#e/'('o" by or#er'"+ Obea &o %ay re"&a( o"y ro: 2 $ar/1988, bu& (u(&a'"'"+ &e $0 '"o&er re(%e/&(.O" Ju"e 199, &e re+'(&ere#o"er( I (o# &e #'(%u&e# o& &o %e&'&'o"er Obea. A&erar#(,

Obea &o+e&er '& Ra:o"$ee"/'o,Pura $ee"/'o a"# 're#o'/o a"# $ar'abee '/o 'e# beore &e Re+'o"a 0r'a our&a" a/&'o" or u'e&'"+ o &'&ea+a'"(& E(&eba", #o/Ke&e#a( ')' a(e No. 1H6. 0ey/o"&e"#e# &a& &e #ee#( o (aee=e/u&e# by $aur'/'o Ra:o( '"

a)or o Jua" E(&eba" a"# byUr(ua $ee"/'o '"a)or o $aur'/'o Ra:o( erea "u'&y.0e ee/&:e"& /a(e, ')' a(e No. 1H88, a( '" &e :ea"&':ea%%eae# &o &e our& o A%%ea( by ay o %e&'&'o"or re)'e, '/ %e&'&'o" a(#'(:'((e# by &e a%%ea&e /our&

o" 2 Juy 199. U%o" re:a"# o &e re/or#( &o &e/our& o or'+'", a"# o" :o&'o"o E(&eba", &e %re)a''"+ %ar&y,$0 Ju#+e *'%o'&o #'re/&e#e=e/u&'o" a"# '((ue#&e /orre(%o"#'"+ r'& &oe"or/e &e '"a a"# e=e/u&ory u#+:e"& '" &e ee/&:e"& (u'&.0e e=e/u&'o" a( oe)er &ar&e# e" %e&'&'o"er(Ro:eo Obea a"# Ra:o"

$ee"/'o 'e# a"o&er %e&'&'o" beore &e Re+'o"a 0r'a our&o aba"a&ua" '&y or certiorari a"# %ro'b'&'o" '&a%%'/a&'o" or a &e:%oraryre(&ra'"'"+ or#er a"# %re':'"ary '"u"/&'o",

#o/Ke&e# a( ')' a(e No.1676-AF. O" 22 No)e:ber 199 &eE=e/u&')e Ju#+e &ereo '((ue#a &e:%orary re(&ra'"'"+ or#er &o(&o% &e e"or/e:e"& o &e r'&o e=e/u&'o" '((ue# by Ju#+e *'%o'&o. O" 6 A%r'199I oe)er Ju#+e A#r'a"o !.0ua(o", A/&'"+ Pre('#'"+ Ju#+e

o Br. 27, '&e# a"#/a"/ee# &e re(&ra'"'"+ or#er ear'er '((ue#, &u( %a)'"+ &eay or &e e=e/u&'o" o &e u#+:e"& '" &e ee/&:e"&/a(e.U"#e&erre# by &e re)er(a, %e&'&'o"er( ee)a&e# &e'r /a(e &o&e a%%ea&e /our& '/ o" 27Se%&e:ber 199I

#'(:'((e# &e'r a%%ea, &erea(o" be'"+ &a& &e e)'/&'o"/a(e a# o"+ be/o:e '"a a"#e=e/u&ory a"# &a& &e)ar'ou( a/&'o"( &aKe" by %e&'&'o"er( ere :erey#e('+"e# &o #eay e=e/u&'o".e a+ree '& re(%o"#e"& our&o A%%ea(.0e :a'" ar+u:e"& o %e&'&'o"er( '( &a& '" )'e o &e(ub(eue"& (ae o &e

/o"&ro)er('a o& &o &e: o" Ju"e199, a"# u"#er &e :'(&aKe""o&'o" o #o/&r'"e o (u%er)e"'"+ e)e"&, &ey a)ea/u're# a be&&er r'+& o %o((e(('o" a"# o"er('%.

*e"/e, &ey ar+ue &a& '& &'((u%er)e"'"+ e)e"&, &e u#+:e"& e)'/&'"+ &e: /a" "oo"+er be e"or/e#.0e ar+u:e"& '( u"&e"abe. !&:u(& be (&re((e# &a& &e (oe'((ue '" a" a/&'o" or u"au#e&a'"er '( %y('/a or :a&er'a %o((e(('o", i.e., %o((e(('o" de facto a"# "o&

%o((e(('o" de jure. 0'( '((e&&e# #o/&r'"e. Re(u&a"&y, &e %e"#e"/y o a" a/&'o" or u'e&'"+ o &'&e beore &eRe+'o"a 0r'a our& #oe( "o&#')e(& &e /'&y or :u"'/'%a &r'a/our& o '&( ur'(#'/&'o" &o %ro/ee# '& &e ee/&:e"& /a(eo)er &e (a:e %ro%er&y. 0e(ub(eue"& a/u'('&'o" o

o"er('% by %e&'&'o"er( '( "o&a (u%er)e"'"+ e)e"& &a& ' bar &e e=e/u&'o" o &e u#+:e"& '" (a'# u"au#e&a'"er /a(e, &e a/& re:a'"'"+&a& e" u#+:e"& a(re"#ere# by &e $0 '" &eee/&:e"& /a(e, %e&'&'o"er Obea a( a :ere %o((e((or o &e (ube/& o&.S':'ary, &e a/& &a& %e&'&'o"er( '"(&'&u&e# a (e%ara&e

a/&'o" or u'e&'"+ o &'&e '( "o&a )a'# rea(o" or #eea&'"+&e e=e/u&'o" o &e (u::aryre:e#y o ee/&:e"&. O" &e/o"&rary., '& bo(&er( &e/o"/u('o" &a& &e e)'/&'o" /a(e#'# "o& #ea '& &e '((ue o

o"er('% '/ a( %re/'(ey&e (ube/& :a&&er o &e a/&'o"or u'e&'"+ o &'&e beore &e Re+'o"a 0r'a our&o aba"a&ua" '&y. H '& &e'"a'&y o &e #e/'('o" '" &eee/&:e"& /a(e, e=e/u&'o" '"a)or o &e %re)a''"+ %ar&y a( be/o:e a:a&&er o r'+&; '&(

':%e:e"&a&'o" :a"#a&ory. !&/a""o& be a)o'#e#. 6!" '"e, &e our& o A%%ea( #'#"o& /o::'& re)er('be error '"u%o#'"+ &e or#er o 6 A%r'199I '/ '&e# &e&e:%orary re(&ra'"'"+ or#er e"o'"'"+ &e ':%e:e"&a&'o" o &e r'& o e=e/u&'o" '" a)or o %r')a&e re(%o"#e"&

E(&eba". S':%y %u&, &e %e&'&'o" '( a #e(%era&e a&&e:%&o" &e %ar& o %e&'&'o"er( &ou"#uy %roo"+ &e '&'+a&'o" o a" '((ue '/ a( bee" (e&&e#a"# (ou# a)e bee" o"+ a'#&o re(&.*EREFORE, &e %e&'&'o" '(DEN!ED. o(&( a+a'"(& %e&'&'o"er.SO ORDERED.



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