19
Case 4: 7yearold boy [Chief complaint] Gross Hematuria [History of present illness] He visited an urological clinic because of gross hematuria from one day before the consulta?on. A renal tumor with intratumoral hemorrhage in the leC kidney was suspected, and he was referred to our hospital for further examina?on and treatment. [Past medical history] Not par?cular

Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

Case  4:  7-­‐year-­‐old  boy    [Chief  complaint]   Gross  Hematuria    [History  of  present  illness]      He  visited  an  urological  clinic  because  of  gross  hematuria  from  one  day  before  the  consulta?on.  A  renal  tumor  with  intratumoral  hemorrhage  in  the  leC  kidney  was  suspected,  and  he  was  referred  to  our  hospital  for  further  examina?on  and  treatment.    [Past  medical  history]  Not  par?cular

Page 2: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[Laboratory  data]    WBC  6.2×103/μl,  RBC  4.48×106/μl,  HGB  11.9mg/dl↓,  PLT  22.2×104/μl,  TP  6.8g/dl,  Alb  3.8g/dl↓,  T.bil  0.6mg/dl,  ChE  305U/L,  AST  27U/l,  ALT  11U/l,  LD  270U/l↑,  ALP  399U/l↑,  Na  138mmol/L↓,  K  3.9mmol/l,  CL  102mmol/l,  BUN  9mg/dl,  Crea?nine  0.33mg/dl↓,  Ca  9.1mg/dl,  CRP  4.51mg/dl↑    [Urinalysis]   Uric  blood  +3,  Uric  protein  ±,  RBC  87.7/HPF,  WBC  5.9/HPF    →He  was  suspected  of  urinary  tract  infec?on  by  the  laboratory  studies  and  urinalysis  performed  at  the  first  visit  in  our  hospital.  

Page 3: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

Image  presenta?on    ※CT  ※MRI  ※99mTc-­‐DMSA  renal  scin?graphy

Page 4: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆The  abdominal  CT  shows  three  mul?locular  cys?c  masses  in  the  leC  kidney.  

◆The  content  of  the  cyst  is  slightly  higher  adenua?on  than  that  of  water  in  the  unenhanced  CT.    

◆These  cys?c  masses  have  enhancing  septa  and  no    solid  components.  

[The  abdominal  CT] [Unenhanced  CT]     [The  enhanced  CT]    

Page 5: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆The  enhanced  CT  shows  slightly  low  adenuated  area  (→)  in  the  renal  parenchyma  around  these  cys?c  masses.

◆However,  a  part  of  these  cys?c  masses  appear  to  communicate  with  the  renal  pelvis  (  →).      

The  enhanced  CT  (Coronal  image)  ◆The  hydronephrosis  is  not  evident  in  the  leC  kidney.  

Page 6: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

Fat  suppressionT1WI    [Unenhanced  images]   [Enhanced  images]   [T2WI]  

◆MRI  shows  three  mul?locular  cys?c  masses  with  hyperintense  on  T2WI  in  the  leC  kidney,  which  have  no  solid  component.  ◆The  hyperintense  cysts  on  unenhanced  fat  suppression  T1-­‐WI  (→)  are  seen  within  these  masses.  

[MRI]

Page 7: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆The  hyperintense  cysts  on  unenhanced  fat  suppression  T1WI  shows    hyperintesity  on  b=1000  s/mm2  diffusion  weighted  image  (→)  and  have  lower  ADC  values  than  the  hypointense  cysts  on  unenhanced  fat  suppression  T1-­‐WI,  which  may  indicate  hemorrhage.  

Page 8: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[99mTc-­‐DMSA  renal  scin?graphy]

◆Renal  scin?graphy  shows  enlarged  leC  kidney  and  some  defects  corresponding  to  these  masses.  

Page 9: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[Summary  of  imaging  findings]    

◆Abdominal  CT  and  MRI  shows  three  mul?locular  cys?c  masses  with  contrast-­‐enhancement  septa  and  hemorrhage  in  the  leC  kidney.    ◆Renal  scin?graphy  shows  enlarged  leC  kidney  and  some  defects  corresponding  to  these  masses.    ◆The  enhanced  CT  and  MRI  show  slightly  low  enhanced  areas  in  the  renal  parenchyma  which  were  located  around  these  cys?c  masses.

Page 10: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

 [The  differen?al  diagnosis]    ◆The  differen?al  diagnosis  was  cys?c  tumors  occurring  mainly  in  children.  ・Multilocular cystic nephroma  (MLCN)    ・Cystic Wilms tumor    ・Cys?c  par?ally  differen?ated  nephroblastoma  (CPDN)    ・Segmental  mul?cys?c  dysplas?c  kidney  (MCDK)  

Page 11: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆A  leC  nephrectomy  was  performed  with  the  pre-­‐diagnosis  of  mul?locular  cys?c  nephroma.    

◆Gross  specimen  shows  well-­‐circumscribed  tumor  with  mul?ple  cysts  (→).    

Page 12: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆Histopathological  examina?on  shows  mul?ple  noncommunica?ng  cysts  lined  by  fladened  or  cuboidal  epithelium.  ◆These  masses  do  not  communicate  with  the  renal  pelvis.    

HE  stain

Page 13: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆The  cyst  epithelial  cells  are  posi?ve  for  CKae1/ae3  but  nega?ve  for  ER  and  CD10.

Page 14: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[The  final  histopathological  diagnosis]      Multilocular cystic nephroma  (MLCN)        Pediatric  cys?c  nephroma  -­‐WHO  classifica?on  2016:  tumors  of  the  kidney

   

Page 15: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

WHO  classifica?on  of  tumors  of  the  kidney  ◆Nephroblas?c  and  cys?c  tumors  occurring  mainly  in  children

Nephrogenic  rests    Nephroblastoma    CPDN    Pediatric  cys?c  nephroma   equivalent  of  MLCN

◆Mixed  epithelial  and  stromal  tumor  family Adult  cys?c  nephroma    Mixed  epithelial  and  stromal  tumor

2016  4th  edi?on  

※Adult  cys?c  nephroma  is  now  thought  to  belong  to  the  mixed  epithelial  and  stromal  tumor  family  and  to  be  unrelated  to  pediatric  cys?c  nephroma.  

Page 16: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[Pediatric  cys?c  nephroma]  ◆Defini?on:    ・Mul?locular,  exclusively  cys?c  neoplasm  of  very  young  children.  ・The  septa  contain  only  fibrous  ?ssue  and  differen?ated  tubules.    

◆Epidemiology:  ・Occurrence  more  commonly  in  boys  than  in  girls.  ・Most  pa?ents  are  younger  than  24  months  old.  ・No  specific  symptoms  (flank  pain,  urinary  infec?on,  hematuria).  ・Associa?on  with  DICER1  muta?ons.    

◆Radiological  features:  ・Large  mul?locular  cys?c  mass  with  varying  size  cysts,  thin  septa    and  no  solid  components.  ・Cysts  are  non  communica?ng  with  each  other.  ・Calcifica?on  and  hemorrhage  are  rarely  observed.  

2012年 放射線科認定医試験に出題

Page 17: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

◆The  differen?al  diagnosis  of  pediatric  nephroma      ・CPDN    ・Cys?c  wilms  tumor  

・The  presence  of  solid  components  and  thick  septa  supports  the  diagnosis  of  CPDN  or  wilms  tumor.  However,  clearly  dis?nc?on  between  pediatric  cys?c  nephroma  and  these  tumor  is  difficult.    ・The  presence  of  immature  nephroblas?c  elements  excludes  diagnosis  of  pediatric  cys?c  nephroma  and  indicates  CPDN  or  cys?c  wilms  tumor  in  the  histopathology  examina?on.  

Page 18: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

[Correct  answer]      Multilocular cystic nephroma  (MLCN)        Pediatric  cys?c  nephroma  -­‐WHO  classifica?on  2016:  tumors  of  the  kidney

   

Page 19: Case%4:%7)year)old%boy% [Chief ... - radiology-sys.jp · The%differen?al%diagnosis%of%pediatric%nephroma% % ・CPDN% ・Cysc wilms%tumor% ・The%presence%of%solid%components%and%thick%septa

References 1.  Stama?ou  K  et  al.  Cys?c  nephroma:  a  case  report  and  review  of  the  literature.    Cases  J,  1(1):  267,  2008  2.  Wani  B  et  al.  Asymptoma?c  infan?le  cys?c  nephroma:  a  diagnos?c  dilemma.  Indian  J  Surg,  74(6):  501-­‐3,  2012  3.  Dong  B  et  al.  Mul?locular  cys?c  nephroma  treated  with  laparoscopic  nephron-­‐sparing  surgery:  A  case  report.  Can  Urol  Assoc  J,    8(7-­‐8):  E545-­‐7,  2014  4.  Ozturk  H  et  al.  Uretherial  invagina?on  of  mul?locular  cys?c  nephroma;  a  case  report  of  a  new  pathologic  variant.  Int  J  Clin  Exp  Pathol,  17;  7(8):  5271-­‐9,  2014  5.  Dell’Aq  L.  An  Unusual  presenta?on  of  cys?c  nephroma  in  an  adult  man.  Rare  Tumors,  18;  7(2):  5860,  2015  6.  Deger  AN  et  al.  Adult  mul?cys?c  nephroma:  case  report  and  review  of  the  literature.  J  Clin  Diagn  Res,  9(8):  ED22-­‐3,  2015  7.  M.  Fujita  et  al,  An  unusual  case  of  cys?c  nephroma  protruding  into  the  renal  pelvis.  Hinyokika  Kiyo.  56(10):  577-­‐80,  2010  8.  M.  Shiramizu  et  al,    Mul?locular  cys?c  nephroma  treated  by  enuclea?on.  Nihon  Hinyokika  Gakkai  Zasshi,  78(8):  1429-­‐34,  1987  9.  WHO  classifica?on  2016:  tumors  of  the  kidney.