CASE USAGE R

EVIEW

HO

W E

ACH C

ASE FU

NCT IO

NS

CASES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Nominative = Subject or Predicate Nominative

Genitive = Possession/Ownership

Dative = Indirect Object or Object of a Special Verb or with Impersonal Statements

Accusative = Direct Object or Object of Certain Prepositions

Ablative = Object of SIDSPACE Prepositions (Place where, accompaniment, place from which)

NOMINATIVE CASE

Subject – person or thing doing the sentence

The banker works in the forum.

argentarius in foro laborat.

Predicate Nominative – with a linking verb, describes the subject

Caecilius is the banker.

Caecilius argentarius est.

DATIVE CASE

Indirect Object – receives the benefit with a verb of giving, showing or telling

The merchant gives the banker money.

Mercator argentario pecuniam dat.

Object of a Special Verb – credit, placet, & favet take a dative object instead of an accusative object

The merchant trusts the banker.

Mercator argentario credit.

Impersonal Constructions (decorum est, difficile est)

It is proper for the banker to count money.

Decorum est argentario pecuniam numerare.

ACCUSATIVE CASE

Direct Object – the person or thing being acted upon/ receiving the action

The merchant greets the banker.

Mercator argentarium salutat.

Object of Certain Prepositions – trans, prope, ad, in (into)

The dog stands near the banker.

Canis prope argentarium stat.

ABLATIVE CASE

Object of a SIDSPACE preposition

S = sub (under) S = sine (without)

I = in (in,on) P = pro (for, on behalf of)

D = de (down from or about) A = a/ab (from, away from)

C = cum (with)

E = e/ex (out of)

The merchant leaves the forum with the banker.

Mercator cum argentario e foro exit.

PRACTICE

Tell the case and function of the underlined nouns.

1.Bregans cibum servis portat.

2.Difficile est servis horreum reficere.

3.Bregans est servus ignavus.

4.Coquus in culinā cenam servis coquit.

5.Varica et Salvius fundum inspicere volunt.

6.Varica cum Salvio ad horreum ambulat.

7.Varica Salvio de horreo narravit.

8.Horreum novum est magnificum.