Case Study- Sustainable and Smart Cities

Tutorial Question 5.2Group MemberQuestion Slide no.Zhang Pinzhengai), bTeo Wei Jie aii), bKhoo Yong Xuan Esmondaiii), ba)Present a summary of the newspaper articles:

i) Modi lays out bold plan to create 100 smart cities (Reference: The Straits Times, 26 June 2015)ii)Smart cities a smart idea, but.. (Reference: The Straits Times, 27 June 2015)iii) Smart and sustainable Singapore (Reference: The Straits Times, 21 July 2015, p. A220)

b)What are the challenges in creating/setting up cities that are both smart and sustainable? SCOPEIntroductionDefinition of a Smart and Sustainable cityArticle SummaryChallengesSocialEconomicEnvironmentalConclusionPresent a summary of the newspaper articles 5.2.1.1Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud5.2.1.2 Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitationDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit 5.2.1.3Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

sources:5.2.1.1:http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/06/26/modi-lays-out-bold-plan-create-100-smart-cities.html5.2.1.2: http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/smart-cities-a-smart-idea-but5.2.1.3: http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/smart-and-sustainable-singapore-two-sides-of-the-same-coin

The Background Context -Before we begin There is no true definition of a Smart City. It varies from country to country, city to city. It ultimately depends on the level of development, willingness to change, reform, resources and the aspirations of the city residents.

The Background Context However, smart cities are primarily designed with the purpose to improve living quality and raising our current standards of development with a more habitable and structured built environment

Innovative means and solutions, most notably with the use of technology.source : http://www.eco-business.com/news/singapore-wins-smart-city-grant-for-jurong-lake-district/ http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/smart-cities-nda-narendra-modi-ministry-of-urban-development/1/379915.html

Singapore- smart city nation pilot at Jurong

India- Gurgaon Rapid Metro trains in the satellite city 2nd pic: A Delhi Metro train passes over Gurgaon Rapid Metro trains in the satellite city. Smart cities have an integrated transit system where BRT corridors, such as the one in Delhi (below), as well as suburban train networks are linked with pedestrian and cycle lanes for easier travelSmart cities have been defined as those that have adequate water and electricity supplies, good sanitation, efficient public transport, Internet connectivity and affordable housing, and are safe for women and children to live in.The Context of India

source:http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/What%20is%20Smart%20City.pdf i) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A SummaryIndias PM, Narendra Modi launched a scheme to create 100 Green and Modern (both new and existing) cities by 2022 -His flagship project aka Smart Cities Mission

Purpose: To spur economic growth and job opportunities through FDIs in urban infrastructure

Reason: Massive challenge as urban infrastructure in its cities are unable to cope with an ever-increasing population and its issues that arises.

source:http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/pm-narendra-modi-launches-smart-cities-mission/

i) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A SummaryCurrent Problems:

Poor planning (or the lack of it)Electricity and water in short supplyPoor sanitationExponentially increasing population and its challenges

i) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A SummaryPoor planning - Private developers Haphazard development by private property developers

Inexperienced in developing cities - lack holistic development Decisions largely based on economic value

Lacks coordination on development with the government- lacks responsibility

"Private property developers should not decide how a city should grow. It should be decided by residents and city leaders," said Modi at the launch of the Smart Cities Mission yesterday

Mumbai (India): http://www.livablecities.org/blog/are-mumbais-planning-problems-so-very-different-oursi) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A SummaryPoor planning: The government

Wide jurisdiction-inefficient governance and lack of response in city-planningLess interested in the environmental sustainability and social responsibility to be undertaken due economic prioritiesUnplanned growth of industrialisation, overlooked rural and urban migration patterns- urban population from 31% to 40% by 2030 In overall, lack of foresight and inaction of both parties leads to haphazard development of cities ----->widespread observation of urban jungles

i) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A Summary2. Shortage of water and electricityUnderdeveloped water and energy supply systemsMajority remains denied from access of water and electricity Human rights issueFailure to resolve may lead to country to shut herself from the economic opportunities 3. Poor sanitation Availability of Safe Water is disproportionatePoor management leads to water-borne diseasesWaste management crisis

Image Courtesy : rotarycolumbiamo.org/images/India-Water_Plant/Water%20Tap.jpg

http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/575/cache/india-power-outage-tangled_57535_600x450.jpgi) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A Summary4) Challenges of an exponentially increasing population

Asias 3rd fastest growing economy (GDP: 7.0%, Q1 2015-2016)To keep in pace of the global economyNeed to find a solution based on 2 concerns:Increasing overall population 1.282B (Jul 2014), projected to be 9.7B by 2050.Increasing urban population growth from 32% (2015) to 50% (2050)

source: 1) GDP of India: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India2) Projected population of India 2050 :http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3178933/World-population-set-hit-9-7billion-2050-India-overtaking-China-world-s-populous-country-seven-years.html3) Current Indias population: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/ "We cannot get disheartened thinking the world is ahead of us and that we can't match the world," said Modi.We are sitting together to discuss how to improve life in the cities." i) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A SummaryApproach 1: Collaboration

India wishes to collaborate with other successful nations on the project, which 7-18 have shared their interest. eg. Singapore is already helping to shape the master plan for Amaravati, Andhra Pradeshs new capital city

source: http://www.siasat.com/news/singapore-presents-final-master-plan-andhra-capital-796536/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/singapore-to-present-amaravati-core-capital-plan-on-monday/article7437701.ece

http://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/tenders-to-be-floated-for-amaravati-next-month/ read for the detailsApproach 2: Smart Cities Mission

Development strategy based on the principles of: City Improvement (retrofitting)City Renewal (redevelopment)City Extension (greenfield development) Pan-city Initiative (application of Smart Solutions)Identification of Smart cities (5 years)Evaluation done by the Ministry of Urban Development Selection is done through 2-stage nationwide competition, proposals sent by city state leaders Aims to chose 20 in 2015, 40 in 2016, last 40 in 2017. (Total 100 out of 4000 cities)Indian government has promised 480 billion rupees (US$15Billion) over 5 years ~ 1 billion rupees per city per yeari) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A Summary2 stage competition, "The competition is to reinforce the fact that this is not a public subsidy programme. So the competitive mode of tapping into funds is more aligned with the way a free market economy functions,"

Present a summary of the newspaper articles 5.2.1.1Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud5.2.1.2 Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitationDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit 5.2.1.3Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.


Approach 2: Smart Cities Mission

Development strategy based on the principles of: City Improvement (retrofitting)City Renewal (redevelopment)City Extension (greenfield development) Pan-city Initiative (application of Smart Solutions)Identification of Smart cities (5 years)Evaluation done by the Ministry of Urban Development Selection is done through 2-stage nationwide competition, proposals sent by city state leaders Aims to chose 20 in 2015, 40 in 2016, last 40 in 2017. (Total 100 out of 4000 cities)Indian government has promised 480 billion rupees (US$15Billion) over 5 years ~ 1 billion rupees per city per yeari) Modi lays out bold plan to create Smart cities: A Summary2 stage competition, "The competition is to reinforce the fact that this is not a public subsidy programme. So the competitive mode of tapping into funds is more aligned with the way a free market economy functions,"

aii) 'Smart cities' a smart idea, but: A summaryWhat are the things required:

1) Private investment from overseas to upgrade infrastructure---> Seeking Public-Private Partnership models

2) Identifying and nurture capable city-state leaders.

3) Getting citizens participation

Creating visions for their cities that is uniquely to India.

Not just copying from the West or East.aii) 'Smart cities' a smart idea, but: A summaryChallenges:

Power plants struggle to provide electricity and water even for a few hours.----> overcoming challenges of underdeveloped basic services

Many cities are struggling to meet basic needs (Sanitation, food, shelter).

Insufficient funding from government reserves to rebuild cities.(KPMG estimates costs to be at least US$1Trillion)

Realism of projects---> Plans deviate with reality.

What: Indias PM launched a scheme (Smart Cities Mission)

Where: 100 out of 4000 cities all across India via 2-stage selection process

When: Selection from FY2015-2016 to FY 2019-2020 20 in 2015, 40 in 2016, 40 in 2017

Why: Massive challenge as urban infrastructure in its cities are unable to cope with an ever-increasing population and its issues that arises.

How: 1) Collaboration2) Selection by nationwide competition 3) Partnerships, City-state level funding

Who: Collaborating countries, Private developers, City-level leaders and central government.

Challenges: 1) Insufficient funding from Federal Gov 2) Provision of resources 3)Sustainability of development projects

Souce: http://www.urbanaworld.com/smart-city-mission-launch-on-june-25-2015/Present a summary of the newspaper articles 5.2.1.1Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud5.2.1.2 Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitationDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit 5.2.1.3Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.


Smart and Sustainable Singapore: Two sides of the same coin?

Reasons why singapore is adopting the vision of being a smart and sustainable city and how singapore plans to become it.WHY?Singapore thrives to maintain its global lead and to capitalise on a new technological revolution gathering pace across the globe.SINGAPOREWorlds leading Smart Nation

Citizens live meaningful and fulfilled lives, enabled seamlessly by technology

An eco-friendly sustainable city with a zero waste culture and a flourishing green economy.

A Smart and Sustainable Nation!Retrieved from: http://www.sji-international.com.sg/uploaded/Sing_Island_Flag.png AIM

Accomplish this vision by 2030 with an input of $1.5 billion worth of initiatives.

Retrieved from: http://www.sji-international.com.sg/uploaded/Sing_Island_Flag.pngTo tackle challenges in being sustainable with smart city solution that improves urban living experience through the deployment of technology.In Singapores contextuClimA web-based service

Access to real-time environmental information such as temperature, relative humidity and air quality to enable them to monitor, quantify, and visualise microclimates.Concerns of developing a smart city

Inequality. In other words, ensuring that the low-income families are able to enjoy the benefits of a smart city.

Breaching of cyber security and data privacyInfocomm Development Authority (IDA)subsidising Internet and tablet devices

Public agencies such as the Ministry of Finance.Free public booths to access government online services.InequalityCyber security and data privacy

Cyber Security Agency of SingaporeTo upkeep the security of networks and data.

Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) is working towards being conformable with Singapores data-protection legislation on data privacy.A smooth developmentTo ensure that sustainability is being placed as the main priority during the development of a smart city.

the progress of these smart and sustainable initiatives should be measured and tracked against predetermined indicators to ensure that they are on the right track.Dr Vivian BalakrishnanRetrieved from: http://www.pmo.gov.sg/cabinet/dr-vivian-balakrishnan

Head of the Smart Nation initiative

In-charge of the Sustainable Singapore Blueprint.Help address some of the biggest challenges confronting the world nowclimate change painful economic restructuringachieving greater cohesion amid growing fundamentalism and terrorism

Success of being a smart and sustainable nationBy placing sustainability as the priority, Singapore will have a higher possibility of fulfilling the vision of building a sustainable and smart nation in a purposeful way.What: Reasons why singapore is adopting the vision of being a smart and sustainable city and how singapore plans to become it.

Where: Singapore

When: Aims to accomplish the vision of being a smart and sustainable city by 2030

Why: To maintain its global lead and to capitalise on a new technological revolution gathering pace across the globe.

How: 1) pilot testing projects2) web-based services3) Partnerships between goverment and private companies

Who: Communities, Private research companies, Government.

Recap and overview of the article: 5W1Hb)What are the challenges in creating/setting up cities that are both smart and sustainable? What defines a smart and sustainable city?A Smart Sustainable City is a city that:

Meets the needs and demands of its present generation of residents Not compromising the ability for other people and communities or future generations to meet their needs. Does not exceed local or environmental limits.

Operations in the city are supported and enhanced by incorporation of information and communication technology.

source: https://www.kth.se/social/upload/53ff4266f27654379a3be2c0/2014_H%C3%B6jer_Wangel_Smart_Sustainable_Cities_AAM.pdf demands- capacity of long and continuous operationsSmart (and reasonably sustainable) cities Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2015/03/09/the-top-five-smart-cities-in-the-world/

Top left: Barcelona

Top right: London

Bottom left: New York City

Bottom right: Nice, France

Social Challenges EconomicalChallenges EnvironmentalChallenges Challenges of Smart & Sustainable Cities

Providing a good quality of living and sense of well-being for allSustain a robust and vibrant economy Develop in an environmentally responsible manner Social ChallengesMaintaining relevance and preservation of identity Retain primary function: Social equalizer, not a class divider Cities are essential to ensure form social identity and social awareness between different communities Smart solutions needs to bring people closer, not creating barriersGovernment needs to ensure equal development in the different parts of the nation (eg . Redhill)Safeguard built heritage with continued conservation efforts and incorporation, given the advances of technologies made rejuvenation even more possible.

Safeguard built heritage with continued conservation efforts and incorporation of smart solutions, given the advances of technologies made rejuvenation even more possible.Eg. Cantonment Station, which will reinstate the platforms as the new station for Circle Line ExtensionChallenge lies upon to find right fit of use of the heritage sites to find its social relevance in the smart city Social Challenges

Source: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/part-of-tg-pagar-rail-terminus-to-make-way-for-mrt-stationhttp://www.todayonline.com/entertainment/arts/open-2015-augmented-reality-check-tanjong-pagar-railway-station

Social Challengesb. Feasibility IssuesSmart cities are built based on the aspirations of the people and the leaders.However, achieving sustainability and convenience may entail compromises which both parties might not reconcilePolitically correct but not politically popularNeeds awareness of constraints and feasibility issues as it offers smart solutions

Social Challenges: Compare and Contrastsource: http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-10/20/oslo-first-car-free-european-capital-2019 http://business.asiaone.com/news/infrastructure-projects-lowest-bid-highest-risk

Less restricted in land space and use (454 km sq/ 385 200 km sq)

More willing to use public transport Oslo downtown (Norway)Singapore Sizable proportion still relies on private transport

Extremely small land space and constrained land use

Geared towards Smart Mobility, which still remains a challenge

Facilitating a paradigm shift of human patterns

Takeaway: Reasonable and balanced smart solution arerequired to achieve longevity and maximum benefit Social ChallengesC. Security and privacy issues Generation of Big-Data, which serves as a double-edged swordConcerns of technology can be exploited Reliability of using technology for long-term remains questionableMeasures must be taken to protect the critical data of the individuals and communities to ensure longevity of SMART solutions.Harnessing convenience and efficiency without compromising basic needs of security and privacy


Providing a good quality of living and sense of well-being for allSustain a robust and vibrant economy Develop in an environmentally responsible manner Economic ChallengesEconomies of Scale

Fundings available

Competency Level in Technologies

Capacity of companies Economic ChallengesEconomies of Scale

No economies of scale.

Higher cost of construction.

Every city is uniqueGeographically (e.g Heritage/Culture (e.gFunction (e.gPopulation (e.gConstruction material (e.g

Economic Challengesb. Fundings Available

Public fund is not enough to upgrade the city in the long term.

Too large scale.

From the article 1, the Indian government is looking at spending 480 billion rupees which has overly underestimated the projection cost of 1 trillion.

Public Private Partnership (PPP) - involve the private sector for fundings.

Cost of production EoSMaterialsTalents/design - sourcing and upgrading

Economic Challengesc. Competency Level of Technologies

Information and Communication Technologies, Green Technologies

At the current level it is not enough, more could be done (why not enough? research)

involve the private sector, promote innovations through competition

Economic Challengesd. Capacity of Companies

Larger firms (Foreign/ Local) have the economic capacity.

To develop and build projects for the city.

BUT it may monopolise city development.

Risk of corruption within companies.

Potentially put off Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs).Economic Challengesd. Capacity of Companies

Smaller companies have limited developing capabilities.

Though there may be greater potential for ideas with more people involved.

BUT small companies could only provide fragmented small-scale solutions.

Not enough to make a big change for a large city scale.

Too inefficient.


Providing a good quality of living and sense of well-being for allSustain a robust and vibrant economy Develop in an environmentally responsible manner Environmental ChallengesChanging the fundamental concept of smart offices and homes in smart cities being consumer of energy to producers or energy

Environmental ChallengesLand reclamation challenges, boundary and geographical limits

Environmental ChallengesSolid waste management

Overview To create a smart and sustainable city, it must has to possess the following qualities and characteristics:

realistic

prospective

self-sufficiency

flexibility

intricacy to multi-dimensional issues Hence the challenge is striking a balance to all areas to create enhanced habitable environment for all to live, work and playMoving beyond...Any Questions?Thank youReferences:

Q5.2 ai)

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/06/26/modi-lays-out-bold-plan-create-100-smart-cities.html

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/pm-narendra-modi-launches-smart-cities-mission/

http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/What%20is%20Smart%20City.pdf

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/smart-cities-nda-narendra-modi-ministry-of-urban-development/1/379915.html

http://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/DQwAhxYdc7BJn53pVs2OeP/Indias-urban-challenge.html

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/urbanisation/11-major-problems-of-urbanisation-in-india/19880/

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Development-of-cities-cannot-be-left-to-realtors-PM-says/articleshow/47811720.cms

http://water.org/country/india/ References:

5.2 b)

https://www.kth.se/social/upload/53ff4266f27654379a3be2c0/2014_H%C3%B6jer_Wangel_Smart_Sustainable_Cities_AAM.pdf

http://xlgroup.com/fast-fast-forward/articles/is-the-smart-city-a-real-solution-to-urban-problems

http://www.pmo.gov.sg/smartnation

http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/sg/en/smarter_cities/overview/

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-02/singapore-at-50-seeks-smart-city-makeover-as-old-industries-fade

http://graphics.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/Interactives/2015/10/35-years-of-ict/supercharging-singapore/2010-and-beyond.html

http://www.sji-international.com.sg/uploaded/Sing_Island_Flag.png

http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-10/20/oslo-first-car-free-european-capital-2019

http://business.asiaone.com/news/infrastructure-projects-lowest-bid-highest-risk

http://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/training-knowledge-hub/SEI/pss61-learning-report.pdf?sfvrsn=0

http://www.cushmanwakefield.com/~/media/reports/india/SmartCitiesReportCW.pdf

http://www.wwf.se/source.php/1523656/Sustainablecities_ENG.pdf

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Case Study- Sustainable and Smart Cities