STAKEHOLDERS, PARTICIPATION AND BENEFIT SHARING: APPROACH TO MIDDLE YEYWA

ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY

Yangon, October 2018

Dr. Stephen Sparkes

Vice President, International Power

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Benefit-sharingAcceptance and

participatory

planning

Stakeholder

engagement

CONTENTS

Stakeholder Engagement

Dialogue situation

Exchange of ideas

Mutual Respect and trust

Both sides listening and talking

Implies doing things together as

partners

Implies mutual understanding and

benefits

It is NOT a one-way event:

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Understanding the Hydropower Context

Examples of high environmental and

social impacts

Lack of dialogue between

stakeholders – lack of trust

History of forced relocation and

conflict in potential investment areas

Fear of resettlement and loss of

resources and livelihoods

Lack of benefit-sharing for remote

areas impacted by hydropower

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Basic Project Design Features

160m arch with centrally located crest

spillway of 2 bays and a left bank spillway

with 3 bays

The underground powerhouse complex with

4 183.75 MW vertical axis Francis turbines

with a total installed capacity of 735 MW

70 km long and narrow reservoir that will be

around 135-140 m at the dam; 11 km2 with a

total volume of 400 million m3

3.8 access road, approach road upgrades

and 300 m replacement bridge

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Village locations

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6 Villages on right bank: ca.

4,000 inhabitants

2-3 villages on left bank: ca.

2,300 inhabitants

Northern areas to be

investigated

One bridge

Dirt roads to villages but

main road paved

Difficult access to river

Understanding the Context for Middle Yeywa

Pre-feasibility/Scoping Study of the

Project Area in 2015

- Verified low-level of social impacts

- Possible relocation of a few structures/

houses along road corridors but no

resettlement

- Security concerns on left bank

- Ethnic minority group but well

integrated into local economy

Challenging resettlement in Upper

Yeywa Project ongoing

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Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder Goal Method Timing

Villages in area of influence

Inform and obtain info and cooperation

Village meetings for input into planning

Start at Scoping and continue

Village leaders Inform and obtain info and cooperation

Formal and informal discussions for input

Start at Scoping and continue

Local Government Inform Meetings As required

State Government Inform and coordinate with gov’t programs

Formal and individual meetings

Regular updates

MoEE and MoNREC Ongoing dialogue for support

Formal and individual meetings

Regular updates

SSA South Inform Informal meetings As required

Lenders/Embassy Inform Meetings As required

NGOs Inform and coordinate with programs

Public Meeting and individual meetings

Part of EIA process or as required

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First Meetings during Scoping Study

Introduce the project

- Main features and location

Overview of expected impacts

- No resettlement

- Very limited loss of land

- Dust and noise issues

Note all concerns and expectations

- Interest in paid work and training

- Request for improved roads and

electricity

People generally positive after

being told of low impacts

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Discussions with Village Leaders

Goals:

- Gather data on village and confirm

information and statistics

- Further clarifications about impacts

- Listen to concerns and more detailed

expectations

- Assess experience in dealing with outside

interventions

Outcomes:

- Positive attitudes

- Confirms general socio-economic conditions

and integrated status

- Reconfirms expectations for improved

infrastructure

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Meetings with Local and State Government

Goals:

- General information about all aspects of

the project

- Obtain support and cooperation

- Obtain detailed information about

government programs and activities in

the project area, as well as plans

Outcomes:

- Good atmosphere and cooperation –

interest in project plans

- Obtained overview of ongoing and

planned infrastructure development

activities and ways to coordinate efforts

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Grievance Process: Avoiding early problems

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NGOs and Middle Yeywa

“Operational” NGOs

- Meeting to inform about the project

and to find out about their programs

- Generally sceptical to hydropower but

possible cooperation in areas of

conservation

“Advocacy” NGOs

- Principally opposed to hydropower

development in Myanmar

- Shan opposition groups based in

Thailand and in Europe

- Protests, media campaign and

letters to Norwegian government

- Consider proactive media actions

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SAVE THE NAMTU RIVER

Participatory Approach to Planning

Important to establish a dialogue with

all key stakeholders

Projects need trust and cooperation in

order to manage risks – especially

when there are security considerations

Need to establish the “Feedback Loop”

– show views are taken seriously

Aim is to come to an agreement on

moving forward together

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Introduction to the project Concerns and

Expectations

Assess options (project context) Confirm

expectations

Comments to mitigation

Review and draft mitigation

Finalize in draft EIA

Challenges of Benefit-Sharing

Legal requirement for expropriation

with correct land documents

No system for determining

production loss or usufruct traditions

Compensation based on fixed rates

below market estimates

Long battles in the courts as

stakeholders challenge rates

Lack of sustainability in legal

approach – not compliant with IFC

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Case Study 1: Albania (Devoll)

Two plants on the Devoll river with a total

production of 729 GWh (256 MW)

Loss of agricultural land and livelihoods for

637 households

50% of income derived from farming

Complex history of ownership and 80%

without documents

Rates based on ca. 3 years of harvest and

could not be challenged in courts

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Additional Mitigation for Devoll

Restoration program based on

production – estimates based on

“recovery cost”

Consultations to consider “package

options”: vineyards, trees, olive

groves, vegetables, livestock and

machinery

Tailored solutions to match labour,

resources, skills, etc.

Monitoring of restoration process

to ensure restoration

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Case Study 2: Political Challenges in Peru Long history of confrontation with central

government and extraction industries

- No benefit-sharing mechanism

Volatile political situation especially

before local elections

Target for ambitious politicians

- “You vote for me and you will get more

benefits from the project”

- Can lead to protests and blockages

How to deal with this?

- Work to build board support in communities

- Elicit support from local and national

government agencies

- Recourse to the courts for ruling

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CSR Programs

Consultation planning

process with all

communities after

acquisition

Identification of needs

and support options to

establish good relations

Ongoing assessment of

results and follow-up

with communities

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Case Study 3: Indian Requirements

Indian law stipulates in

Himalchal Pradesh:

- 2% of investment costs

- 2.5% of profit during operation

- Other legal requirements for

forestry and water release

Challenges of dealing with

local government:

- Technical competence

- Equitable distribution of funds

- Ensuring funds reach impacted

communities

- Accountability

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Distribution of winter clothes at old age home; support for Dewali ceremony

Case Study 4: Indigenous People as Investment Partners Challenges in obtaining acceptance

with indigenous peoples – related to

land and resource rights

Partnerships with First Nation

groups – funding for investments

and dividends

Seeks consensus on resource use

Respect for traditional rights

Creates employment opportunities

and social benefits

Ensure revenue in long-term for

communities, investors and gov’t

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Situation for Middle Yeywa

No institutionalize benefit-sharing

mechanism but tradition for project to

have social development program

Project to negotiate a solution with

stakeholders (villagers/gov’t)

Necessary to obtain support and

cooperation from local stakeholders

- Eliminate risk of protests and delays

- Ensure benefits

- Important source of information about

the security situation

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Proposed Community Development Imitative

18.10.20

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Relatively low impacts allow for

larger development program

Based on detailed consultations with

communities and government

Draft EIA to focus on:

- Rural roads

- Rural electricity

- Water Supply

- Maintenance during Operation

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