Case Study from Asia-Pacific - Food and Agriculture ... · Case Study from Asia-Pacific Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi ... • 2 m x 3 m planting • Harvest Eucalyptus 10

Case Study from Asia-Pacific

Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi Watershed Management in Pearl River Basin

Xiaoquan Zhang1, Bernhard Schlamadinger2 and Neil Bird3

International Workshop on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) –Opportunities and Challenges for the Forest Industry Sector

in Sub-Saharan Tropical Africa

Accra, Ghana

3 October, 2006

1 Chinese Academy of Forestry ([email protected])2 Joanneum Research ([email protected])3 Joanneum Research ([email protected])

Zhang, Schlamadinger & Bird, October, 2006 2

Overview� Objectives� Description

— Location, land use, size, species, land tenure and legal structure � Time Line� Methodological Issues

— Conditions, eligibility, additionality, monitoring� Baseline� Project (estimation)� Leakage� Estimated Removals� Monitoring� Comments


Objectives

� To sequester CO2 through forest restoration in small watershed areas

� To test how reforestation activities can generate high-quality emission reductions in greenhouse gases that can be measured, monitored and verified

� To enhance biodiversity conservation by increasing the connectivity of forests adjacent to nature reserves

� To improve soil and water erosion control

� To generate income for poor farmers/communities


Description - Location

Cwangu County2,000 ha

Haunjiang County2,000 ha

350 km

Cwangu County

Huanjiang County


Description – Land Use (Cwangu County)

1999 Landuse / landcover

50 km

Cangwu County

• multiple-use forests on sites with severe soil and water erosion

• Quercus griffithii (600 ha)

• Pinus massoniana mixed with Schima. superba (900 ha)

• Eucalyptus sp. (500 ha)

• 2 m x 3 m planting

• HarvestQuercus 7 yearsEucalyptus 10 yearsSchima. 17 yearsPinus > 30 years


Description – Land Use (Haunjiang County)

50 km

1999 Landuse / landcover

Huanjiang County

• ~ 830 ha on sites neighbouring Mulun National Nature Reserve and Guiwanshan National Nature Reserve

• Pinus massoniana mixed with Liquidambar formosana (1,050 ha)

• Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed with Liquidambar formosana (450 ha)

• Eucalyptus sp. (500 ha)

• 2 m x 3 m planting

• HarvestEucalyptus 10 yearsLiquidambar 17 yearsCunninghamia, Pinus > 30 years


Description – Species Selection

� Species selected by considering— Farmers/communities interests (surveyed)— Company interests (value of associated forest products)— Carbon sequestration rates— Biodiversity enhancement— Soil erosion control

� All species except Eucalyptus are indigenous. — Eucalyptus not considered invasive— Eucalyptus is preferred by farmers/communities— Eucalyptus creates significant CERs in early years.


Description – Land Tenure, Legal Structure

� Lands are owned by the local villages (communities)— subcontracted to farmers for plantation establishment and

management.� Model 1 - Farmers/communities and Forest company (3,560 ha)

— Farmers/communities contribute lands. — Company invests in planting activities, provides technical inputs, stand

management and assumes the natural and investment risks.— Shared net income from forest products based on inputs. — Farmers/communities gain revenues from CER transactions. — Company pays for farmer labour to ensure their short-term income.

� Model 2 - Farmers groups (440 ha)— Individual farmers group-invest in project activities, including site and

soil preparation, planting and stand management. — Forestry agencies provide technical assistance. — Farmers gain all income from forest products and CER transactions. — Farmer groups have authorized the forest company to act on their

behalf.


Time Line

� Project Scoping Jan., 2004� World Bank

— PIN Mar., 2004— Short-listed Jun., 2004— CFD Jan., 2005

� Methodology— Submitted Jun.14, 2005— Reviewed Jul.26, 2005— Revised Sept.20, 2005— Approved (reviewers) Sept.28, 2005— Accepted (AR WG) Nov.02, 2005— Approved (CDM EB) Nov.25, 2005

� PDD— Original Dec.13, 2006— Revised Jul.21, 2006

� Validation Jul.24, 2006� Registration

— Submitted Jul.26, 2006— Automatic Nov.06, 2006


Methodology - Conditions

� No displacement of agricultural services

� Degraded land that is continuing to degrade

� No encroachment of natural forest vegetation

� Site preparation doesn’t significantly disturb the soil

� Harvesting

� Deadwood, litter and soil expected to be less in baseline than in project— Live biomass only (above and below ground)

� Baseline approach - existing or historical changes in carbon stocks


Eligibility

� Land not forest since 1990

� Definition of forest by DNA

� Land not likely to become forest— Temporarily unstocked is ineligible

� Eligibility proven using— Land cover maps— Interviews with land owners


Eligibility

50 km

1999 Landuse / landcover1989 Landuse / landcover


Eligibility

Abedares Range, KenyaRegional Satellite Image AnalysisICRAF


Eligibility

Detailed Satellite Image Analysis, Chile


Additionality

� Identification of alternatives— Project— Barren lands

� Investment analysis— Minimum ROR required by government 12%— ROR without CERs 8.5%— Sensitivity analysis

� Barrier analysis— Investment, technological, institution barriers, market risk

� Impact of CDM registration— ROR with CERs 15%


Baseline

� Land remains in existing state

� Land stratified into two strata— Land without woody perennials

• no biomass growth

— Land with woody perennials• biomass growth using national values

� Pre-project monitoring required


Project

� Project living biomass— Pre-project estimated from national inventory curves— Post-project measured using monitoring methodology

� Pre-project living non-tree biomass all emitted

� Emissions from fertilizer use


Leakage

� No displacement of agricultural activities— AR-AM003 – grazing only

• leakage management areas

— AR-AM004 – shifting agriculture• deforestation caused by displaced agriculture

� Fossil fuel use


Estimated Removals

-100,000

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 2027 2030 2033 2036

Years

t CO

2-e

Carbon stock change of project scenario Increase in GHG emissionsLeakage Baseline net GHG removals by sinksNet anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks Actual net GHG removals by sinks


Monitoring

� Permanent sample plots— Systematic sampling with a random start position— 20 m x 20 m— DBH and H— National species dependent volume equations, BEF, densities and R/S

� Accuracy and Precision— +/- 10% error at 95% confidence level

� Stratification— Improves the accuracy of the estimate— Reduces the number of sample plots

� Other emissions and leakage— Fertilizer use— Vehicle use (km driven and/or fuel consumed)


Comments

� Validation— Amendment to PDD to cover corrective actions and clarification

request• Proof of no commercial loans• BEF for individual trees in the baseline

— Post planting re-measurement of boundary• Non-planted areas cannot be within the boundary

— DNA letter of approval• State no significant negative social impacts• State no significant negative environmental impacts


Comments

� Use Existing Methodologies— Reduces project development time by a year

� Small Scale Methodology— AR-AM001 is essentially the SSC-AR— Project probably could have been SSC-AR


Project Developers Workshop and Side Event COP-12, Nairobi

� Project Developers Workshop— November 5 (one-day)— Green Belt Movement Training Centre, Langata (Nairobi suburb)— Discuss barriers to community-based CDM projects

• Forestry (A/R)• Biomass

� Side Event— November 9— Panel discussion on barriers

• Outcomes from workshop

� Contact— [email protected]

Documents

Case Study from Asia-Pacific - Food and Agriculture ... · Case Study from Asia-Pacific Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi ... • 2 m x 3 m planting • Harvest Eucalyptus 10