Case Studies UNDP: TMATBOEY COMMUNITY PROTECTED AREA COMMITTEE, Cambodia

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: TMATBOEY COMMUNITY PROTECTED AREA COMMITTEE, Cambodia

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Cambodia

TMATBOEY COMMUNITYPROTECTED AREACOMMITTEE

Empowered live

Resilient nation

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence toThe Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee, and in particular the guida

and inputs o Ashish John and Hugo Rainey. All photo credits courtesy o Eleanor Briggs, Ashish John, Sok Sony, and Rours Vann. Ma

courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee, Cambodia. Equator Initiative Case Stu

Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf


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PROJECT SUMMARYThe village o Tmatboey comprises 236 amilies, some romthe Kui minority ethnic group, and lies within Preah Vihearprovince, in the remote Northern Plains o Cambodia.The plains o Preah Vihear are home to the worlds largestbreeding populations o Giant Ibis and White-ShoulderedIbis both critically endangered species. In total, the areasupports 50 species on the IUCN Red List, and is or manyo these species a last reuge, making the Northern Plains aocus or conservation interventions.

One approach has used revenue rom ecotourism to reward

Tmatboey community members or conserving these rarebird species. The Tmatboey Community Protected AreaCommittee, in partnership with the Wildlie ConservationSociety, has developed a community-based monitoringscheme in which local residents are paid a small ee orreporting and monitoring nests o endangered species,rather than selling the eggs on the thriving black marketoperating on the Thailand-Laos border.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2008

LOCATION: Preah Vihear Province

BENEFICIARIES: 236 families

BIODIVERSITY: Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary

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TMATBOEY COMMUNITY PROTECTEDAREA COMMITTEECambodia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 9

Policy Impacts 10

Sustainability 11

Replication 11

Partners 12


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4

matboey is a remote orest village o 236 amilies, some romhe minority Kui ethnic group, which lies within Kulen Promtep

Wildlie Sanctuary in Preah Vihear province, in the Northern Plains

Cambodia. The community lives on the edge o a protected area

within the deciduous dipterocarp orests. Similar orests across

outheast Asia have been converted to paddy elds to provide ood

nd livelihoods or a rapidly expanding population. Preah Vihear is

ne o the last bastions o standing orest o this kind, and is home

o wildlie endemic to this particular ecosystem and orest type.

Conversion o these orests to agricultural land (by both the local

ommunity and external industry groups) is incontrovertibly the

most signicant threat to the protected area.

rotected areas in the region have historically been, and to somextent still are, considered by outsiders to be open access lands,

where traditional land use patterns, community-based property

ghts, and local resource entitlements are not recognized. The

rosion o local rights has unctionally eroded a stewardship buer,

which traditionally enabled environmental conservation and the

ursuit o local livelihoods to coexist, and opened the area up to

estructive extractive industries.

A last refuge for threatened species

he Northern Plains o Preah Vihear are home to the worlds largest

reeding population o giant and white-shouldered ibis, critically

hreatened and endangered species. The region supports a number threatened bird populations, including three vulture species

white-rumped, slender-billed and red-headed) and eight species o

arge water bird (greater adjutants, white-winged duck, sarus crane,

esser adjutants, oriental darter, black-necked stork and woolly-

ecked stork). This unique assemblage o nine globally threatened

arge bird species makes the Northern Plains an exceptionally

mportant conservation area. The region supports 50 species listed

n the International Union or Conservation o Nature (IUCN)s Red

ist o Threatened Species, and is or many o these species a last

euge.

Linking local incomes to the health of local ecosystemsTmatboey Community Protected Area Committee evolved

a pilot community-based ecotourism project in the villag

Tmatboey, which was initiated by the Wildlie Conservation So

(WCS). Tmatboey was identied and selected or the pilot bec

o the areas wealth o endemic wildlie species and correspon

demand rom international birdwatchers to observe criti

endangered bird species in their ever-shrinking natural habitat

community worked with WCS, through a participatory approac

establish a locally-elected village committee which would gove

aspects o ecotourism and, importantly, all land management i

village area. The committee was legally recognized and incorpo

by the Ministry o Environment and the Commune Council lowest administrative unit o government in Cambodia).

Once the committee was in place, a local NGO partner, the Sam Ve

Center or Wildlie Conservation (SVC), was enlisted to promote

site in Siem Reap. SVC was a logical choice or this partnership,

because o its location in Cambodias tourism hub and its mis

to carry out the legacy o Sam Veasna, a bird-watcher and on

Cambodias rst conservationists. The SVC assumed leadersh

ensuring responsible tourism in Tmatboey and in promoting

village through website, brochures and advertisements. The ta

or Tmatboey tourism is a mid- to high-end market o birders, t

interested in social and environmental responsibility and w

to pay a premium based on the understanding that revenueinvested in community development and conservation e

Tourists contribute to the local economy directly, through paym

to villagers or services such as accommodation, guiding, coo

and transportation, and indirectly through a USD 30 donation t

village development und.

The initiative has resulted in a number o benets, including gr

in the populations o endangered wildlie and threatened sp

o endemic birds; positive changes in villagers attitudes tow

conservation; and increased income or the local population w

Background and Context


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s directly dependent upon the protection and conservation o

wildlie, natural resources and ecosystems. By linking growth in local

ncome to the health o local ecosystems and endemic wildlie, this

onservation model has been successul in changing local attitudes

o wildlie. This is not an insignicant link, as many o the threatened

pecies ound in the Northern Plains make their homes and breed

n the orested eco-agricultural mosaic which also provides or the

wellbeing o the local community. The model has also proved to be

exible and resilient in the ace o changing management issues,omplementing the new and emerging conservation tools and land

management strategies o the community.

ourism activities in Tmatboey are managed by the elected village

ommittee which is responsible or the management o all tourism

enets and the disbursement o unds. Tourism services are

rovided by our groups in the village:

. The elected village committee (twelve members) which

handles guesthouse guarding, allocation o land to community

members, and organization o the nest protection program;

. The village guide association (14 members) which is composed

o tour guides and community patrollers;

. The cooks group (emale-only, our members) which provides

meals or visitors and tourists; and

4. The guesthouse management group (emale-only,

members) which cleans the guesthouses and sells good

tourists.

Local leadership has also been an essential actor in the succe

the initiative. Mr. Dib Kimoun, Chie o the Tmatboey Commu

Protected Area Committee, along with a team o dedic

advocates, worked tirelessly to convince the community o

benets o the model, slowly and steadily building a critical o support amongst the villagers. Part o this mobilization e

involved ostering a sense o community ownership, sh

responsibility and co-creation throughout the process.

A large majority o the local population are subsistence arme

was, thereore, critical or the architects o the project to not

demonstrate to the local population how ecotourism activ

could provide benets and unding or uture generations, but

to demonstrate how ecotourism would be integrated into vi

land use planning, in way that would continue to accommo

local subsistence needs. Behavior and attitudes were not

to change. It was not sufcient to convince the villagers o

intrinsic importance o wildlie conservation, they also needed t

convinced that conservation could yield meaningul improvem

to their livelihoods and wellbeing.

What I am asking for is for more recognition that we as a community can make decisions ho

to allocate resources, especially land, to community members...Allow us to do this and we will d

it well

Ashish John, Wildlife Conservation Society


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6

Key Activities and Innovations

According to Cambodias Protected Area Law, the Ministry o

nvironment must demarcate our zones within protected areas: a

ommunity zone, a sustainable use zone, a conservation zone and

core zone. This demarcation is applied in all 23 o the countrys

protected areas. Protected area authorities have, as a matter o

practice, generally demarcated all our zones at the same time which

an have problematic implications or land use planning, requently

esulting in the conversion o orest or other key conservation areas

o agricultural use.

Sequencing land demarcation

matboey was the rst village in Kulen Promtep Wildlie Sanctuaryo proactively demarcate their community zone. By doing so, the

ommittee was able to undertake a participatory process that ostered

ocal ownership and engaged key stakeholders (the community,

WCS, provincial authorities and Ministry o the Environment sta)

while also mitigating potential conicts between community

members and the park authorities over the remaining demarcation.

As there are no guidelines or the sequencing o zone demarcation,

his set an important precedent or the prior demarcation o the

ommunity zone as an alternative to demarcating all our zones

t once. This practice o sequencing zone demarcation such that

ommunity land use plans come rst is now being replicated in ve

other villages and one commune.

matboey successully linked bird conservation to the tourism

ndustry through an agreement between the community, the

Wildlie Sanctuary and WCS. The agreement stipulates that

ourism revenue to the village is subject to the villagers agreeing

o sustainably manage habitats and protect key species through a

etailed village land use plan and a strict no-hunting policy. The land

se plan draws its legitimacy rom its basis in government approved

oning. It was decided upon through community consultation, and

ets out dened areas or agricultural use, residential use, and or the

ustainable harvesting o natural resources.

Financial incentives for conservation

Tmatboey Villages no-hunting policy is accompanied by a mea

that pays community members not to collect the eggs or c

o threatened bird species rom their nesting sites. Facilitate

middlemen on the border o Thailand and Laos, a black ma

had emerged in the sale o threatened eggs. The eggs o the s

crane were among the species etching a particularly high p

In response to this problem, Tmatboey assumed leadership o

initiative called the Bird Nest Protection Program which e

local residents to locate, monitor and protect bird nesting sites

project was initiated by WCS, but responsibilities have increas

been transerred to Tmatboey, as experience has shown thgreater number o nests can be ound and successully prote

by working in direct cooperation with local communities. Unde

program, community members are oered a nancial incentiv

the orm o a monetary award o up to USD 5) or reporting n

and serving as monitors o such sites until chicks have hatched

matured. Monitors receive USD 1per day and earn an extra USD 1

the chicks successully edge. Full payment is also made i it ca

veried that nests ailed due to natural causes, including preda

Rates were agreed upon in consultation with the community.

This innovative incentive scheme is complemented by a prog

administered by the Tmatboey Committee, which uses ecotou

revenue to pay local resin tree owners USD 10-13 annually to probird nesting sites. Ibises in particular tend to nest in resin trees, w

are also an important source o income or villagers.

Another noteworthy innovation in this regard is an

environmental payment program that was initiated in 2007. U

this program, armers adhering to the villages land-use plan

no-hunting rules are granted access to a marketing associa

through which they can sell their rice or a higher premium

market association not only oers preerential prices to mem

armers, but also serves an outlet or their produce to nat


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7

markets, avoiding middlemen who previously monopolized village

rade. In addition, the association provides start-up capital or small

cosystem-based enterprises and trains armers in new agricultural

echniques. Prots accrued by the association are shared between

articipating armers and village organizations.

he Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee has

eveloped and enorced a community-based land use plan and put

n place programs or the conservation o the nesting and eedingites o globally threatened bird species. Through the Committees

work, community members have been empowered to enorce local

and use planning regulations, including controlling the clearance

orest or agricultural purposes. Enorcement is usually based on

erbal or written contracts between individuals and the Committee

o stop illegal activities or to relocate agricultural plots in accordance

with the land use plan.

ncentives or conservation enorcement will continue to be needed,

s escalating national land prices have dramatically increased

incentives or land-grabbing. To date, however, this approach

led to substantial improvements in local livelihoods and in

abundance and health o local wildlie. The ecotourism prog

has demonstrated to local people the importance o endemic

species and the economic value o conservation.

Institutionally, the initiative relies upon our parties, each

which plays a key role. The Tmatboey Community Protected

Committee is responsible or site management o tourist servthe management o income received and unds dispersed,

enorcement o land use plans and no-hunting agreements,

reporting violations to the protected area authorities. The prote

area authorities are responsible or legally improving tou

agreements and local land rights law enorcement. The Sam Ve

Center is responsible or marketing, site promotion, tourism book

and monitoring on behal o village-level enterprises. Finally, va

partners in the private sector provide tourist bookings, which

the ultimate source o revenue driving conservation eorts.


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8

Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTSThe giant ibis (Pseudibis gigantea) is Cambodias national bird

nd a near-mythical species or bird-watchers, naturalists and

onservationists. Known rom only a handul o previous sightings,

he ibiss continued existence in the Northern Plains o Cambodia

was revealed by WCS surveys in 2000. With support rom Committee,

WCS now conducts an annual census o the white-shouldered ibis,

arus crane, vultures and other key species in the region. WCS also

employs a team o research rangers that monitor nests and wildlie

n the area. These activities provide reliable inormation regarding

ncreases or decreases in key wildlie populations (as represented in

igure 1 and 2 below).

n 2003, WCS sta discovered a small breeding population o the

ritically endangered white-shouldered ibis (pseudibis davisoni),

onsisting o a single breeding pair, at Tmatboey. At the time, this

was the only known breeding site or this species in mainland Asia.

ince 2003, however, the population o this species in the area has

grown rom this single nest and one breeding pair, to six nests anindividuals in 2008. WCSs monitoring has also shown that bree

populations o the giant ibis are widespread in the area, with 41

monitored in 2009.

The Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee has rea

out to the community to increase awareness o the presenc

these threatened species. Through the Committee, the commu

has committed to the conservation o the wide variety o glo

threatened large birds ound at Tmatboey, using the ibise

agship species. The approach chosen by the community o

conservation o local bird populations through tourism enter

has since been extended to seven sites in Cambodia, with m

planned.

The orests o the Northern Plains also support many o

threatened species, including Elds deer (Rucervus eldii) which

ound almost nowhere else in the world. Conservation agreem

made with the community have helped to protect this endang

Fig. 1: Increases in White-shouldered and Giant Ibis populations in Tmatboey, 2002-2009

EFT: White-shouldered Ibis populations at Tmatboey, 2002-2008. Source: T. Clements et al., 2010. RIGHT: Giant Ibis breeding success 2003-2009. Source: WCSnternal report, 2009.


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pecies. The Committee and community members have assumed

ull legal responsibility or the management o the wildlie and land

round the village, and as a result, deorestation rates have declined

nd encroachment into key wildlie areas has ceased, as community

ow abide by dened land use boundaries.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

he development o tourism in Tmatboey, based on the conservationo rare bird species, has made a dramatic dierence to the income o

ommunity members, by providing employment opportunities and

source o revenue or the villages development und.

ourist numbers at Tmatboey have increased by an average o 36 per

ent annually since 2005. Over the same period, revenue increased

by an average o 100 per cent annually. Villagers have improved

ervice quality, allowing them to raise prices, and have diversied

he range o services they provide in order to capture a greater

proportion o the tourism value chain. Average per tourist payment

or services increased rom USD 10 in 2004 to USD 67 in 2008. Over

he same period, the percentage o tourism revenue spent locally

as risen rom 11 per cent to 24 per cent.

y 2007-2008, the village had received USD 12,000 in revenue

s a result o tourism activities, USD 3,500 o which came rom

ontributions to the village und, and nearly USD 8,500 o which

ame rom payments or services provided by villagers. In 2007-

008, 25 individuals, rom 236 amilies, were employed on a part-

ime permanent basis as guides, cooks and guesthouse managers,

ach receiving on average USD 2040 per month during the tourism

eason (average o USD 160 per year, maximum USD 400 per year).

hese sums are signicant or amilies otherwise dependent on

ubsistence agriculture and the harvesting o orest products, in a

egion where the average cash income per amily is USD 350-500

per year. A urther 65 individuals have beneted in some manner

hrough temporary employment, or example as occasional guides,

n guesthouse maintenance, carrying water, or through local trade

within the village mainly or ood.

In total, thereore, around 40 per cent o the villages amilies h

been involved to some extent in the initiatives activities. Donat

to the village und have been used to help pay or a new school, b

a road, construct sh ponds, repair water pumps and dig new w

Some o the prots were used by the committee to pay villager

local patrols and the guarding o nesting birds. Money has also b

used to repair and maintain tourism acilities, including repla

the tourist bungalows thatched roos.

Traditional and cultural norms in rural Cambodia dictate

women and young girls are responsible or many time-consum

household tasks, which results in poor completion or gir

education, and a preerence or amilies to send sons to sch

rather than daughters. Tmatboey has only a single primary sch

and ew children go on to attend high school. Although

Committee remains male-dominated, an eort has been mad

include women in its activities and governing body. The ecotou

committee is democratically elected and currently includes

9

Fig. 2: Income from ecotourism (USD) and tourism volume, 2003-2010.

ource: WCS internal report, 2010


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emale representatives. A womens sel-help group has also emerged

o sell goods, including drinks, ood, t-shirts and handicrats, to

ourists. The cooks group that provides meals or visiting tourists is

omposed o our women, and the guesthouse management group

lso consists solely o our women.

he inclusion o poorer and more marginalized segments o the

opulation in the running o the initiative is promoted through

emocratic processes whereby decisions, including on how tollocate tourism revenues, are made with consultation to all

members o the community.

POLICY IMPACTS

he Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee has been

ecognized as an example o best practice by provincial authorities,

pecically regarding community zoning and the successul

replication o this approach in other villages within Kulen Prom

Wildlie Sanctuary. The Provincial Director o the Ministr

Environment has promoted the Tmatboey model, whereby

community zone is demarcated prior to the allocation o zone

other uses, advising that it be replicated in other wildlie sanctu

in the province.

The Ministry o Environment is also supporting Tmatboeys activ

monitoring its progress with an eye to replicating the proceduranother sanctuary. It is expected that Tmatboey will be used

model or the development o national-level, legal procedure

the mapping o community zones. The Minister o Environmen

cited Tmatboey several times as an exemplary model o ecotou

He has twice visited the village to show his support to the commu

and has presented the village with a medal in recognition o

outstanding work.

10


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11

Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYOne o the most important ingredients in the sustainability o the

matboey initiative is community appreciation or the intrinsic

ependence o their tourism economy on the conservation o

ocal biodiversity. Community members are acutely aware that

ourists visit their village in order to observe specic threatened

nd endangered bird species and that in order or benets to the

ommunity to be maintained, its members must regulate land use to

nsure the protection o these bird populations. Ecotourism revenues

re used to ensure the sustainability o ecotourism activities and the

norcement o land use plans. As long as tourists continue to visit

he region, the project will be environmentally, economically andocially sustainable.

Another key element o project sustainability is the high degree

community ownership over the programs and community

articipation in decision-making. Beyond nancial incentives, the

ommunity takes pride in, and has been empowered by, the positive

esults that they have achieved through the initiative.

he partnership model has been important in sustaining the initiative

o date. The Wildlie Conservation Society works in partnership with

he Ministry o Environment to manage the Kulen Promtep Wildlie

anctuary and this connection has been critical to the projects

uccess. Sam Veasna Center or Conservation builds the capacity ohe local community to improve their service provision to tourists

nd attract bird-watchers to Tmatboey.

REPLICATION

With respect to community zoning, Tmatboeys approach, whereby

he community zone was demarcated prior to the demarcation o

ther zones, has been recognized as an example o best practice by

rovincial authorities, and this approach has been replicated

successully in other villages within Kulen Promtep Wi

Sanctuary. The Provincial Director o the Ministry o Environmen

promoted the Tmatboey model and advised that it be replicate

other wildlie sanctuaries in the province.

The community o Tmatboey has shared their experience with o

villages in Kulen Promtep Wildlie Sanctuary as well as with vill

rom outside the Sanctuary, and even rom other province

Cambodia. Five villages rom within the Sanctuary have come to

Tmatboey to learn rom their success. Representatives rom vil

outside the sanctuary have also Tmatboey visited to unders

their model or implementing community zoning, land use planand community-based ecotourism. There are currently nine vil

replicating the land use planning activities o Tmatboey and s

villages replicating various aspects o their ecotourism activitie


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1212

Members o the Tmatboey Community Protected Area Committee

ave become trainers or other communities such as Dangphlat and

rey Veng villages. This experience has reinorced the value o and

emand or peer-to-peer learning, as community representatives

eceiving training have expressed a preerence or this community-

o-community model o knowledge exchange. Several participating

ommunities have expressed that a peer-to-peer model o

normation exchange is critical or the cultivation o local support,

uilding trust and successul replication.

specic example o the replication, uptake and subsequent

daptation o the Tmatboey model is Dangphlat village, where the

ommunity there has established vulture restaurants where tourists

an stay in saari tents and watch rare and endangered vultures in

heir natural habitats. This particular project has also integrated the

bservation o other rare species, including gibbons and white-

winged ducks.

PARTNERS

Wildlie Conservation Society: Supports the Ministry

Environment and Forestry Administration in the managem

o Kulen Promtep Wildlie Sanctuary; advises the governm

and assists them in the development o procedures and pro

to conserve natural resources and protect wildlie.

Cambodias Ministry o Environment and For

Administration: Manage Kulen Promtep Wildlie Sanctuaryimplement activities.

Sam Veasna Center or Conservation: Uses bird watching tou

generate income that can then be used to support conserva

activities; builds the capacity o communities to improve t

ecotourism services.

Commune Councils and Village authorities: These gover

bodies help the Committee obtain support rom the village

organize village meetings. They also support the Committe

the enorcement o regulations.


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FURTHER REFERENCE

Mollman, S. 2007. Birding For a Cause in Cambodia, TIME, Week o December 1, 2008.

Svadlenak-Gomez, K., Clements, T., Foley, C., Kazakov, N. ,Lewis, D., Miquelle, D., and Stenhouse, R. 2007. Paying for Results: WCS exper

with direct incentives for conservation. USAID and WCS. sanrem.cals.vt.edu/1010/WCS_DirectPaymentsForConservation.pd

Clements, T., John, A., Nielsen, K., An, D., Tan, S., and Milner-Gulland, E.J. 2009. Payments or biodiversity conservation in the conte

weak institutions: Comparison o three programs rom Cambodia. Ecological Economics 69 (2010), pp. 12831291

zoo.cam.ac.uk/zoosta/csg/Clements%20et%20al.%202010%20PES%20Ecol%20Econ.pd

Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy Group

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10017

Tel: +1 646 781-4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and

necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

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Case Studies UNDP: TMATBOEY COMMUNITY PROTECTED AREA COMMITTEE, Cambodia