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7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: AFRICAN CENTRE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (PACINDHA), Mali
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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities
Mali
AFRICAN CENTRE FOR THEINTEGRATION OF HUMANRIGHTS (PACINDHA)
Empowered live
Resilient nation
Empowered live
Resilient nation
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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES
Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo
or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth
their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition
themselves guiding the narrative.
To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser
that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ
to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models
replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Yearsthe Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.
Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.
EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph CorcoranManaging Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding
Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe
Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,
Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu
DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa
Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.
AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude PACINDHA, and in particular the guidance and inputs o Amadou Konate (Preside
and Siaka Diarra. All photo credits courtesy o PACINDHA. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikipedia.
Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. African Centre for the Integration of Human Rights (PACINDHA), Mali. Equator InitiatCase Study Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdf7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: AFRICAN CENTRE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (PACINDHA), Mali
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PROJECT SUMMARYThis NGO mobilizes local communities in western andsouthwestern Mali to sustainably manage natural resourcesand protect biodiversity. Since 2003, the initiative hasimplemented a wide range o activities, including theprotection o wildlie and auna species, combating the useo polluting substances, and improving land managementand access to water or local communities.
One key intervention has been to restore the DetariumMicrocarpum plant population, a species which hadbecome endangered because o overuse and bush res.
The promotion and commercialization o products suchas jewelry made rom the plant, the popularization o itsmedicinal properties, and wider activities to support thesustainable harvest o the species have created income orthe community: the group has successully rejuvenated200 ha oDetarium Microcarpum in ten villages throughoutOuelessebougou.
KEY FACTS
EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006
FOUNDED: 2003
LOCATION: Western and south-western Mali
BENEFICIARIES: 75 villages
BIODIVERSITY: Detarium microcarpum tree
3
AFRICAN CENTRE FOR THE INTEGRATIONOF HUMAN RIGHTS (PACINDHA)Mali
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background and Context 4
Key Activities and Innovations 6
Biodiversity Impacts 8
Socioeconomic Impacts 8
Policy Impacts 8
Sustainability 9
Replication 9
Partners 9
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he Arican Centre or the Integration o Human Rights (Ple desctions dIntegration des Droits Humains en Afrique - PACINDHA) is aon-governmental organization that mobilizes local communities
n western and south-western Mali to sustainably manage natural
esources and protect biodiversity. The organization operates in a
egion where human activities such as logging, bush res, overuse
chemical ertilizers, industrial development and poaching pose
erious risks to threatened plant and animal species and contribute
o degradation o the ragile savanna ecosystem.
Malis rapid urbanization has led to a boom in logging in sub-districts
ituated along the main roads to Bamako. Between 1960 and 2009,
he capitals population grew rom 100,000 to 1,800,000 people,ccording to the 2009 census. Ninety per cent o households in the
ity rely on rewood or charcoal or cooking and boiling water. Given
his demand, as well as the growing need or building materials,
eorestation is a growing problem in areas surrounding Bamako.
n Malis Ouelessebougou municipality, the Detarium microcarpumree is particularly threatened by the expansion o logging as it
makes or good rewood, being quick and easy to light even when
amp. Its dark brown, regular grain wood also makes it a good
andidate or medium-heavy lumber used in carpentry, joinery,
arving and construction. Unregulated logging o this tree poses a
hreat to the livelihoods o rural women who depend on the tree or
ts many marketable uses.
A valuable local resource
he trees sweet ruit is an important ood source or rural populations
n the Sahel. People generally consume it resh, although its pulp
an be used as a sugar substitute in certain dishes and it is a key
ngredient in the manuacture o nutritionally-enriched porridge or
hildren. Furthermore, the trees seeds can yield oil or create a our to
se as a avoring, emulsiying or thickening agent. In Mali, a healthy
ree can produce an average o 675 ruits (about seven kilograms),
which keep or up to three years i stored in jute bags. This make
ruit highly portable and a prime candidate or export. Accordin
the Malian Railways Bureau o Customs, Mali exports thousan
tons o the ruit each year to countries throughout the region.
The bark, leaves, seeds, ruit, and roots o Detarium microcahave medicinal uses due to their diuretic and astringent prope
In Mali specically, various parts o the tree are used either alon
in combination with other plants to treat a large number o me
complaints, including malaria, measles, epilepsy, paralysis and o
spinal problems, nocturia, yellow ever, hypertension, snake b
hemorrhoids, leprosy and impotence. When applied to wou
resh bark and leaves can prevent and cure inection, and powdbark is a common pain reliever. In southern Mali, the leaves
roots are even used to treat diarrhea in cattle. Traditionally, Ko
students in Mali use writing slates and prayer beads made rom
wood o Detarium microcarpum, and the trees seeds are usemake jewelry.
Besides logging, Detariummicrocarpum and other species o pand animals are threatened by bush res, which both herders
sedentary armers intentionally set in order to clear elds
search or honey. This trend causes soil compaction, reducing
permeability and making land vulnerable to erosion. Expan
o cotton-growing has also accelerated the rate o deoresta
decreased the use o allow periods, and contributed to soil erchallenges. Near Malis borders with Cote dIvoire and Guinea, 3
cent o arable land is aected by some orm o land degrada
As a result, armers have experienced reduced crop yields and
increasingly dependent on expensive chemical ertilizers. In
last ve years, nitrogen-based chemical ertilizer has more
doubled in price, becoming too expensive to produce any econ
benet or the vast majority o subsistence armers. Excess use
improper management o such ertilizer can lead to eutrophica
o surace water, acidication o soil, and human exposure thro
contamination o air, ood and drinking water. Industry, speci
Background and Context
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he opening o a cotton ginning actory in Ouelessebougou in 2005,
as increased concerns about the eects o pollutants on humans,
vestock, and wildlie populations.
Wildlie reserves in western Mali used to be home to considerable
opulations o large mammals that have been devastated by
oaching and competition rom livestock. The Boucle de Baoul
iosphere Reserve contains several smaller wildlie species and orest
eserves that covering a total area o 918,000 hectares. The reserves
atural resources are subject to pressure rom indigenous peoples,
mobile pastoralist groups and their livestock (mainly sheep, goats
nd zebu cattle), and the clearing o vegetation or agricultural use.
opulation pressures have intensied with the tarring o the Kita-
amako Kenieba road. The Bang Reserve is home to 260 animal
pecies, including Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus), leopards
(Pantherapardus), Arican wild dogs (Lycaonpictus) and sevendangered chimpanzees. The capture and killing o chimpan
is lucrative business or networks o poachers throughout
Gambia, Senegal and Guinea. Small chimpanzees are sold as or XOF (West Arican CFA rancs) 50,000-200,000, and chimpa
meat and organs are used in occult practices.
PACINDHA works with communities, government authorities, m
and development partners in the region to address the a
challenges. The organization has been most active in develo
and training local committees to coordinate management
protection o natural resources while advocating or a suppo
legislative and judicial ramework.
PACINDHA is always looking to find a link between forest resources and improving the livin
conditions of populations, because the destruction of natural resources is always linked to gre
impoverishment. Environmental protection can only happen when the populations are really
involved with all their energy.
Amadou Konate, President, PACINDHA
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Key Activities and Innovations
ACINDHA has been most widely recognized or its initiative to
protect and restore the Detariummicrocarpium in order to improvehe living conditions o rural people around Ouelessebougou. The
organization launched the project in 2004 ater a village survey,
onducted in 2003, indicated a lack o organized conservation or
municipal regulatory eorts. PACINDHA carried out an awareness
ampaign about the excessive pressure on Detariummicrocarpium,which reached 90 per cent o the local population and municipal
uthorities in 43 villages. As a result, there has been a strengthening
o the legal and regulatory ramework, outlawing cutting o
Detariummicrocarpum in the municipality. Ten village environmentalprotection committees, trained by PACINDHA, continue to inorm
heir communities about these restrictions and other environmentalmanagement regulations in Mali. The committee members also
erve as relay agents o water and orestry in the villages, calling in
igher ofcials when inractions occur.
Supporting womens livelihoods
ACINDHA has provided organizational support and training to
en womens cooperatives on the sustainable harvest, marketing
nd commercialization o Detarium microcarpum products.Women benet rom the trees without logging by making jewelry,
xtracting medicinally valuable products and selling the trees ruit.
ach cooperative is comprised o about 500 members led by a
president. PACINDHA trained women in new techniques or makingbeaded jewelry with Detarium microcarpum seeds and marketinghe nished products. Groups have participated in study tours to
amako, where women contacted merchants and traders, eventually
nding markets or their products in Mali and beyond in Senegal,
urkina Faso, Guinea, Niger, Europe, Asia and America.
rotection oDetariummicrocarpum has improved ruit harvestingnd storage practices and encouraged local consumption. Village
tocks o the ruit tend to last eight months o the year now and
provide a signicant source o nutrition when prepared with
couscous during the months rom June to September when g
stores tend to run low. Local interest in biodiversity and reso
protection has risen, particularly among women, as protec
eorts have led to signicant increases in income, especially
selling ruit. Concern about the eects o degradation, particu
on the livelihoods and lives o rural women depending on the
led to an organizational eort to adopt a convention giving
tree protected status, restoring its population and allowing o
sustainable management and use.
Following the success o this natural resource management initia
PACINDHA has undertaken a number o other biodiversity and
livelihood projects around Ouelessebougou and the wider regi
Tacklingpoaching
In the Bang Wildlie Reserve and its peripheral zone, PACIN
carried out a two-year initiative to reduce poaching o chimpan
and destruction o wildlie habitat. Thirteen national telev
broadcasts and over 50 radio programs tackled the subje
chimpanzee protection, raising national awareness o poac
The campaign gained support rom local political leaders and
successul in involving hunters. PACINDHA coordinated the tra
o village monitoring committees to cut down on poaching
destruction o chimpanzee habitat within the reserve and alon
border areas. A orce o over 200 local guards now share responsior securing the area.
Building local capacity through conservation
PACINDHA has also built local capacity o communities surroun
the Bang Reserve by training civil society groups in sustain
livelihoods activities and promoting ecotourism. The organiz
has especially encouraged the sustainable production o hoDetarium microcarpum ruit, palm wine rom the Raphia sudatree, and products made rom the ruit, ber and wood o the Bora
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ethiopum palm tree. In the riverine communities surroundinghe reserve, PACINDHA has installed solar water pump systems to
mprove community access to water as well.
n Koussan, near Malis borders with Cote dIvoire and Guinea,
ACINDHA has worked with the local committees to stop those
who set bush res and have plantedAndropogongayanus to restorend replenish degraded soil. Sixteen village-level environmental
rotection committees have been trained in the application o
nvironmental protection regulations, and an environmental
ducation program has reached 2,000 students. The organization
as also promoted the growth o a beekeeping industry in the area
o avoid the need to light bush res or the purpose o nding honey.
ACINDHA also worked with local people to decrease the health risks
poor water access in Koussan. In the past, animals and 90 per cent
people there have relied on poor quality, stagnant surace water
rom creeks and rivers between February and May. Consuming dirty
water led to diarrhea and abdominal pain in about 45 per cent o
hildren and 36 per cent o women, according to local health centre
eports. To address this challenge, PACINDHA trained a hygiene
nd sanitation committee, established a borehole and trained local
women to carry out market gardening around the new water point.
o reduce water and habitat stress on animals, the organization also
established 20 salt licks in order to maintain the population o l
mammals, including bushbuck, hartebeest and waterbuck as we
herders cattle and goats by providing them with sources o min
nutrients.
Back in Ouelessebougou, PACINDHA has led a campaign to elim
the use o leaded petrol through regional and national networ
in the media, communities and distribution chains. The organiza
has also worked to limit the negative impacts o pollutants rom
newly-developed cotton ginning industry on nearby wildlie
livestock.
PACINDHA approaches community resource management
educating the municipal leaders and populations about own economic relationship with the depletion and degrada
o natural resources. The organization has been innovativ
its use o radio and other media to spread messages about
symbiotic relationship between biodiversity conservation and
livelihoods. The initiative is also active in advocating or village-
involvement in policy change and enorcement. The organiza
relies largely on training local management committees to in
communities o environmental regulations, carry out surveilla
and enorce environmental protection rules.
The success of the Detarium protection project profoundly changed our conception of the role
population in protecting the environment. It showed us that poverty is a threat to the environmen
because when communities have no reliable source of income, they turn against nature to surviv
It is essential that these people are included, not only to increase their income but to increase th
value and appreciation of biodiversity products.
Amadou Konate, President, PACINDHA
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Impacts
BIODIVERSITY IMPACTSPACINDHAs eorts have led to the rejuvenation o 200 hectares o
Detariummicrocarpum in ten villages throughout Ouelessebougoumunicipality. Throughout Mali, PACINDHA has been active in the
reation o 20 local agreements or natural resource management
nd has worked with 200 community groups to sustainably manage
over 5,000 hectares o orest.
The PACINDHA initiative in the Boucle de Baoul Biosphere Reserve
n western Mali has led to the protection o 918,000 hectares o land.
n this area, PACINDHA has trained community groups to intervene
n the illegal export o wildlie. The Bang Wildlie Reserve project
has created 28 committees to protect chimpanzees, which has led toewer cases o poaching, particularly in the border areas surrounding
he reserve.
n Koussan, PACINDHA has led 80 armers in the restoration o 320
hectares o degraded land through the seeding o Andropogongayanus and the production o organic ertilizer, which hasprotected ground water by reducing the need or polluting chemical
ertilizers. Four hundred armers rom ten villages have mastered the
echnique o seasonal penning o animals and, o these, 100 armers
have added a total o 200 acres o crop elds.
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTSMany villages have ound that PACINDHAs inormation and
organizing around environmental protection has enabled them
o market sustainable products that ultimately improved income.
n 2010 alone, PACINDHA created more than 500 temporary jobs.
n Ouelessebougoue, sales o the detarium ruit, which may havebrought an average woman in a rural area XOF 5,000 per month
prior to community eorts, have risen ve- or six-old in some
reas, providing some woman with more than XOF 30,000 each
month. Typically, amilies invest the money they make rom these
ypes o income generating activities in childrens school ees,
agricultural tools and livestock. Some amilies use this incompursue beekeeping, market gardening or small poultry-ra
and PACINDHA has provided training to improve the product
sustainability and market reach o these practices. Gr
availability oDetariummicrocarpum or medicinal purposes asome amilies to save money on more expensive health treatm
allowing or investment in other priorities.
Similar economic benets have been elt in connection
PACINDHAs capacity building eorts in other aspects o livelih
In Koussan, agricultural training has led to increased soil e
and agricultural production and a decreased reliance on chem
ertilizers. PACINDHA has assisted communities in accessing c
water, reducing conict over limited water sources, and reducinincidence o diseases related to the consumption o unsae drin
water. The new water point has also given women more tim
engage in income-generating activities like market gardenin
they spend less time traveling and queuing to collect water. I
Bang Reserve area, the beginnings o ecotourism initiatives
given hope or new sources o income to many local entrepren
with the establishment o a small tourist camp in the area.
POLICY IMPACTS
Village-level environmental protection committees have allo
local people to nd a voice and coordinate with governm
technical services. Along with awareness campaigns, this shi
decreased the requency o disputes between communities
technical service providers. PACINDHA reports that many
people have shited in avor o national environmental protec
policies, whereas beore, most believed such policies to be restri
and even repressive. The development o local convention
environmental protection has allowed or local involvem
in decision-making, leading to a eeling o empowerment
responsibility or the management o local resources. As a r
compliance with regulations has increased as people eel a gr
sense o involvement in their design.
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Sustainability and Replication
SUSTAINABILITY
nvironmental protection committees and their working
elationships with state services and organizations will structurally
uarantee the sustainability o PACINDHAs work. By ocusing on
raining and raising awareness about the intertwined ates o local
nvironment and local livelihoods, the communities working with
ACINDHA have internalized a commitment to natural resource
rotection. The committees remain actively engaged in carrying
ut their various duties beyond the initial period o training, as
ACINDHA provides only limited nancial support.
As or organizational sustainability, PACINDHA is largely reliant on
rants and donations. The organization collects membership dues,
ut these usually result in a trivial amount o money that does not
und the implementation o all o PACINDHAs activities.
REPLICATION
oday, PACINDHA has a wide reach, largely due to the success o
he organizations detarium microcarpum initiative rom 2004 to006. PACINDHA currently operates in over twelve municipalities
n 75 villages, with a working population o approximately 47,500
eople. The organization estimates that more than 200 villages haveeneted rom replicating the promotion o sustainable biodiversity
roducts.
ACINDHA is a member o two civil society coalitions that are
working or the ongoing protection o Malis biosphere reserves.
hese arrangements provide ample opportunity or networking and
or the exchange o ideas and experiences.
PARTNERS
The UNDP-implemented GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP
been an essential partner in many o PACINDHAs activities, inclu
its successul Detarium microcarpum protection initiative. Thebreakdown o GEF-SGP grants received by PACHINDA since 200
a range o dierent projects is listed in Table 1.
The Canada Fund or Local Initiatives (CFLI) has also provided na
support, notably unding the training o womens cooperativ
turning detariummicrocarpum seeds into beads and necklaces
the study tour linking cooperatives with marketing outlets.Global Environment Facility and the World Bank have also b
important sources o support.
Within the government, Malis Ministry o the Environment
been supportive by providing its agents to conduct outreach
training concerning environmental protections and law. The or
service and Ministry o Environment and Sanitation have also
actively supportive o PACINDHAs eorts. The government has
particularly supportive in establishing the reserve and buer zo
the Boucle de Baoul Biosphere Reserve.
PACINDHA has worked in partnership on several environm
projects with two local NGOs, The Malian Association orConservation o Fauna and the Environment (lAssociation Malipour la Conservation de la Faune et de lEnvironnement- AMCFEThe Malian Association or the Study, Protection and Plannin
Nature and the Environment (lAssociation Malienne pour lla Protection, et lAmnagement de la Nature et de lEnvironnemAMEPANE).
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1010
Table 1: Small Grants Programme grants since 2003
Project title Period Amount granted (US
Bang Wildlie Reserve Chimpanzee Protection (pilot study) 2003-4 1,000
Bang Wildlie Reserve Chimpanzee Protection 2004-6 31,229.80
Management and restoration oDetariumMicrocarpum population in Ouelessebougoumunicipality
2004-6 31,164.80
Protection oProsopisAfricana and Pterocarpuserinaceus and prevention o coal miningon hillsides
2005-6 16,229.57
Elimination o leaded petrol in Arica or improving air quality 2005-7 25,340.58
Development o a legal and institutional ramework or the protection o chimpanzees inthe Bang Wildlie Reserve
2006-8 33,876.63
Supporting communities in combating the illegal wildlie trade and reducing PersistentOrganic Pollutants (POPs)
2006-8 27,808.71
Improving access to clean drinking water in Koussan 2008-9 19,394.00
Land rehabilitation through planting of Andropogon Gayanus and capacity building ofCBOs in Koussan
2008-10 37,197.16
Total: 223,241.25
ource: UNDP-implemented GEF Small Grants Programme
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FURTHER REFERENCE
Broekhuis, A., de Bruijn, M., and de Jong, A. 2004. Urban-Rural Linkages and Climatic Variability. Environment & Policy, 39 (Part B),
321. actuar-acd.org/uploads/5/6/8/7/5687387/urban_rural_linkages_and_climatic_variability.pd
Simonsson, L. 2005. Vulnerability Prole o Mali. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Poverty and Vulnerability Programme. liu.
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:225235/FULLTEXT01
Groundswell International website: groundswellinternational.org/where-we-work/mali/
Equator Initiative
Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor
New York, NY 10017
Tel: +1 646 781-4023
www.equatorinitiative.org
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and
necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.
The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati
o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.
2012 by Equator Initiative
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