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Case 3
Ephraim R. Caangay
Pharmacology A
Patient History
• Mr. Reyes• 42 yoa• 75 kg• Moderately sedentary• Moderate drinker (few times per week)• No serious health problems noted, aside from
occasional headaches.• Chief Complaint: routine physical examination
Family History
• Father – deceased at 55 following MI.
• Mother – 65– mild Type II DM– Occasional angina from physical exertion
Lab Work Up
(Following 12 - 14 hour fasting)• Dipstick urinalysis – normal• Blood tests –
plasma cholesterol– Total plasma cholesterol: 290 mg/dl– Plasma 140 mg/dl– HDL 40 mg/dl
AST (SGOT) = 22/UL (normal = 10-59 U/L)
ALT (SGPT) = 18 U/L (normal = 13-40 U/L)
Questions
• Why was Mr. Reyes told to fast before the test?
• What conclusions can you draw from the clear plasma sample?
• What are the options for treating Mr. Reyes, and which one might you try first?
• If you decided to start Mr. Reyes on Lovastatin, what pre-drug lab data would you be particularly interested in?
HMG-CoASynthase
MevanolateKinase
SqualineEpoxidase
OSLC
Isomerace
24-Reductase
Synthesis of CholesterolAcetyl-CoA
Acetotacetyl-CoA
3-Hydroxy-3-methlglutaryl-
CoA
Mevalonate
Mevalonate Squalene
SqualeneEpoxide
14-Desmethyllanosterol
Lanosterol
Zymosterol 7,24-Cholestadienol
Desmosterol
Cholesterol
HMG-CoA
Thiolase
HMG-CoAReductase
HMG-CoASynthase
MevanolateKinase
SqualineEpoxidase
OSLC
Isomerace
24-Reductase
Synthesis of CholesterolAcetyl-CoA
Acetotacetyl-CoA
3-Hydroxy-3-methlglutaryl-
CoA
Mevalonate
Mevalonate Squalene
SqualeneEpoxide
14-Desmethyllanosterol
Lanosterol
Zymosterol 7,24-Cholestadienol
Desmosterol
Cholesterol
HMG-CoA
Thiolase
HMG-CoAReductase
Why was Mr. Reyes told to fast before the test?
• In order to get the most accurate reading of his lipid levels.
• Dietary fats are absorbed from the small intestines and transported into the liver by lipoproteins called chylomicrons.
• After a 12- to 14-hour fast, chylomicrons are absent from the bloodstream.
What conclusions can you draw from the clear plasma sample?
• He did, in fact, fast prior to the examination.
• If he had eaten, chylomicrons from lipid digestion and absorption would cause turbidity.
What are the options for treating Mr. Reyes, and which one might
you try first?
Treatment, in order of preference:
1. Lifestyle change: diet and exercise
2. Lovastatin with lifestyle changes
If you decided to start Mr. Reyes on Lovastatin, what pre-drug lab data
would you be particularly interested in?
• Liver function - serum transaminases – AST (SGOT) = 22/UL (normal = 10-59 U/L)– ALT (SGPT) = 18 U/L (normal = 13-40 U/L)
• Adrenal/gonadal steroid production– Cortisol– Testosterone