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CASE # 1-`4

CASE #1Rule 1 Section 4GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM (GSIS) and WINSTON F. GARCIA, in his

capacity as RESI!ENT and GENERA" MANAGER #$ th% GSIS,%titi#n%&s,

' %&ss

!INNA* VI""AVI+A, E"I+AET* !U-UE,A!RONICO A. EC*AVE+,RO!E" RUIO, ROWENA T*ERESE . GRACIA, I"AR "AYCO, and ANTONIO OSE"EGAR!A,R%sp#nd%nts. G.R. N#. /0123/&%s%nt4

CORONA, C.., CARIO, CARIO MORA"ES, VE"ASCO, R., NAC*URA, "EONAR!O'!ECASTRO, RION, ERA"TA, ERSAMIN, !E" CASTI""O, AA!, VI""ARAMA, R., ERE+,and MEN!O+A,

at%d46y 28, 21/19 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''9! E C I S I O NMEN!O+A, .4

This is a %titi#n $#& R%i%: #n C%&ti#&a&i nd%& R6% ;< #$ th% R6%s #$ C#&t s%%=in7 t#&%%&s% and s%t asid% th% A7st >/, 2118 !%cisi#n?/@ #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s (CA), in CA'G.R.S N#. 303

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That s#5% #$ th%s% %5p6#y%%s ad5#th%d th% s%c&ity 7a&ds and th% GSIS 5ana7%5%ntand d%$iant6y &ais%d c6%nch%d $ists 6%d y Atty. V%6asc# :h# :as a&&%d y *%a&in7 O$$ic%&Ma&in R. Gatpayat in an O&d%& dat%d 2; May 211< $ app%a&in7 as c#ns%6 $#& Atty. M#6inap&sant t# S%cti#n 8 () (2) #$ R.A. 8/> #th%&:is% =n#:n as th% C#d% #$ C#ndct and Ethica6Standa&ds $#& 6ic O$$icia6s and E5p6#y%%s

That &%sp#nd%nt, t#7%th%& :ith #th%& %5p6#y%%s in tt%& c#nt%5pt #$ CSC R%s#6ti#n N#.12/>/, dat%d // Oct#%& 2112, #th%&:is% =n#:n as O5nis R6%s #n hiit%d C#nc%&t%dMass Acti#ns in th% 6ic S%ct#& cas%d a6a&5 and h%i7ht%n%d s#5% %5p6#y%%s and dis&pt%dth% :#&= at th% In%sti7ati#n Unit d&in7 #$$ic% h#&s.?2@

This %pis#d% :as %a&6i%& &%p#&t%d t# GM Ga&cia, thh an #$$ic% 5%5#&and5 dat%d May>/, 211

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Th% Cii6 S%&ic% C#55issi#n is c#&&%ct :h%n it $#nd that th% act s#7ht t# % pnish%d ha&d6y$a66s :ithin th% d%$initi#n #$ a phiit%d c#nc%&t%d actiity #& 5ass acti#n. Th% p%titi#n%&s $ai6%dt# p% that th% spp#s%d c#nc%&t%d actiity #$ th% &%sp#nd%nts &%s6t%d in :#&= st#ppa7% andcas%d p&%dic% t# th% p6ic s%&ic%. On6y a#t t:%nty (21) #t #$ 5#&% than a hnd&%d%5p6#y%%s at th% 5ain #$$ic%, #in%d th% actiity s#7ht t# % pnish%d. Th%s% %5p6#y%%s, n#:

&%sp#nd%nts in this cas%, :%&% assi7n%d at di$$%&%nt #$$ic%s #$ th% p%titi#n%& GSIS. *%nc%,d%spit% th% %6at%d c6ai5 #$ th% p%titi#n%&s that th% act c#5p6ain%d #$ had c&%at%d sstantia6dist&anc% insid% th% p%titi#n%& GSIS p&%5is%s d&in7 #$$ic% h#&s, th%&% is n#thin7 in th%&%c#&d that c#6d spp#&t th% c6ai5 that th% #p%&ati#na6 capacity #$ p%titi#n%& GSIS :as a$$%ct%d#& &%dc%d t# sstantia6 p%&c%nta7% :h%n &%sp#nd%nts 7ath%&%d at th% In%sti7ati#n Unit.!%spit% th% haBy c6ai5 #$ th% p%titi#n%&s that th% 7ath%&in7 :as int%nd%d t# $#&c% th%In%sti7ati#n Unit and p%titi#n%& GSIS t# % 6%ni%nt in th% hand6in7 #$ Atty. M#6inas cas% anda66#: Atty. V%6asc# t# &%p&%s%nt Atty. M#6ina in his ad5inist&ati% cas% %$#&% p%titi#n%& GSIS,th%&% is 6i=%:is% n# c#nc&%t% and c#nincin7 %id%nc% t# p% that th% 7ath%&in7 :as 5ad% t#d%5and #& $#&c% c#nc%ssi#ns, %c#n#5ic #& #th%&:is% $ th% GSIS 5ana7%5%nt #& $ th%7#%&n5%nt. In $act, in th% s%pa&at% $#&5a6 cha&7%s $i6%d a7ainst th% &%sp#nd%nts, p%titi#n%&sc6%a&6y a66%7%d that &%sp#nd%nts 5a&ch%d t# #& app%a&%d si56tan%#s6y at #& st #tsid% th%

#$$ic% #$ th% In%sti7ati#n Unit in a 5ass d%5#nst&ati#n&a66y #$ pt%st and spp#&t $#& Mss&s.Ma&i# M#6ina and A6%&t V%6asc#, th% 6att%& s&&%ptiti#s6y %nt%&%d th% GSIS p&%5is%s. Ths,p%titi#n%&s a&% a:a&% at th% #ts%t that th% #n6y appa&%nt int%nti#n #$ th% &%sp#nd%nts in 7#in7t# th% IU :as t# sh#: spp#&t t# Atty. Ma&i# M#6ina and A6%&t V%6asc#, th%i& ni#n #$$ic%&s. Th%%6at%d ass%&ti#n that th% int%nti#n #$ th% &%sp#nd%nts in 7#in7 t# th% IU :as t# dis&pt th%#p%&ati#n and p&%ss&% th% GSIS ad5inist&ati#n t# % 6%ni%nt :ith Atty. Ma&i# M#6ina and A6%&tV%6asc#, is #n6y an a$t%&th#7ht.?0@N#t in c#n$#&5ity, GM Ga&cia is n#: %$#&% s ia this %titi#n $#& R%i%: p&%s%ntin7 th%$#66#:in74STATEMENT OF T*E ISSUES

IW*ET*ER AN A!MINISTRATIVE TRIUNA" MAY A"Y SU"ETORI"Y T*EROVISIONS OF T*E RU"ES OF COURT ON T*E EFFECT OF FAI"URE TO !ENY T*E

A""EGATIONS IN T*E COM"AINT AN! FAI"URE TO FI"E ANSWER, W*ERE T*ERESON!ENTS IN T*E A!MINISTRATIVE ROCEE!INGS !I! NOT FI"E ANYRESONSIVE "EA!ING TO T*E FORMA" C*ARGES AGAINST T*EM.

IIW*ET*ER T*E RU"E T*AT A!MINISTRATIVE !UE ROCESS CANNOT E E-UATE!WIT* !UE ROCESS IN U!ICIA" SENSE AUT*ORI+ES AN A!MINISTRATIVE TRIUNA"TO CONSI!ER IN EVI!ENCE AN! GIVE FU"" ROATIVE VA"UE TO UNNOTARI+E!"ETTERS T*AT !I! NOT FORM ART OF T*E CASE RECOR!.III

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W*ET*ER A !ECISION T*AT MAHES CONC"USIONS OF FACTS ASE! ON EVI!ENCEON RECOR! UT MAHES A CONC"USION OF "AW ASE! ON T*E A""EGATIONS OF A!OCUMENT T*AT NEVER FORME! ART OF T*E CASE RECOR!S IS VA"I!.IV

W*ET*ER FURT*ER ROOF OF SUSTANTIA" RE!UCTION OF T*E OERATIONA"CAACITY OF AN AGENCY, !UE TO UNRU"Y MASS GAT*ERING OF GOVERNMENTEM"OYEES INSI!E OFFICE REMISES AN! WIT*IN OFFICE *OURS, IS RE-UIRE! TO*O"! T*E SAI! EM"OYEES "IA"E FOR CON!UCT REU!ICIA" TO T*E ESTINTEREST OF T*E SERVICE URSUANT TO CSC RESO"UTION NO. 12/>/.VW*ET*ER AN UNRU"Y MASS GAT*ERING OF TWENTY EM"OYEES, "ASTING FORMORE T*AN AN *OUR !URING OFFICE *OURS, INSI!E OFFICE REMISES AN! WIT*IN

A UNIT TASHE! TO *EAR AN A!MINISTRATIVE CASE, TO ROTEST T*E RO*IITIONAGAINST T*E AEARANCE OF T*EIR "EA!ER AS COUNSE" IN T*E SAI!

A!MINISTRATIVE CASE, FA""S WIT*IN T*E URVIEW OF T*E CONSTITUTIONA"GUARANTEE TO FREE!OM OF ERESSION AN! EACEFU" ASSEM"Y.VIW*ET*ER T*E CONCERTE! AAN!ONMENT OF EM"OYEES OF T*EIR OSTS FORMORE T*AN AN *OUR TO *O"! AN UNRU"Y ROTEST INSI!E OFFICE REMISES ON"YCONSTITUTES T*E A!MINISTRATIVE OFFENSE OF VIO"ATION OF REASONA"EOFFICE RU"ES AN! REGU"ATIONS.?3@Th% C#&t $inds n# 5%&it in th% p%titi#n.

%titi#n%&s p&i5a&i6y D%sti#n th% pati% a6% acc#&d%d t# &%sp#nd%nts 6%tt%&s #$ %9p6anati#nin &%sp#ns% t# th% 5%5#&and5 #$ th% GSIS'IU Mana7%&. Th% &%sp#nd%nts n%%& $i6%d th%i&ans:%&s t# th% $#&5a6 cha&7%s. Th% p%titi#n%&s a&7% that th%&% %in7 n# ans:%&s, th%a66%7ati#ns in th% $#&5a6 cha&7%s that th%y $i6%d sh#6d ha% %%n d%%5%d ad5itt%d p&sant t#S%cti#n //, R6% 0 #$ th% R6%s #$ C#&t :hich pid%s4SECTION //. A66%7ati#ns n#t sp%ci$ica66y d%ni%d d%%5%d ad5itt%d. Mat%&ia6 a%&5%nt in th%c#5p6aint, #th%& than th#s% as t# th% a5#nt #$ 6iDidat%d da5a7%s, sha66 % d%%5%d ad5itt%d:h%n n#t sp%ci$ica66y d%ni%d. A66%7ati#ns #$ s&y in a c#5p6aint t# &%c#%& s&i#s int%&%st a&%d%%5%d ad5itt%d i$ n#t d%ni%d sp%ci$ica66y and nd%& #ath.

Acc#&din7 t# th% p%titi#n%&s, this &6% is app6ica6% t# th% cas% at %nch p&sant t# R6% /,

S%cti#n ; #$ th% R6%s #$ C#&t :hich &%ads4SECTION ;. In :hat cas%s n#t app6ica6%. Th%s% R6%s sha66 n#t app6y t# %6%cti#n cas%s, 6and&%7ist&ati#n, cadast&a6, nat&a6iBati#n and ins#6%ncy pc%%din7s, and #th%& cas%s n#t h%&%inpid%d $#&, %9c%pt y ana6#7y #& in a spp6%t#&y cha&act%& and :h%n%%& p&actica6% andc#n%ni%nt. (nd%&sc#&in7 spp6i%d)

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Th% C#&t d#%s n#t ssc&i% t# th% a&75%nt #$ th% p%titi#n%&s. %titi#n%&s #:n &6%s, R6% I,S%cti#n ; #$ th% GSIS A5%nd%d #6icy and c%d&a6 Gid%6in%s N#. /80'1;, sp%ci$ica66ypid%s4I$ th% &%sp#nd%nt $ai6s t# $i6% his Ans:%& :ithin $i% (@

On th% 5%&its, :hat n%%ds t# % &%s#6%d in th% cas% at %nch is th% D%sti#n #$ :h%th%& #& n#tth%&% :as a i#6ati#n #$ S%cti#n < #$ CSC R%s#6ti#n N#. 12'/>/. Stat%d di$$%&%nt6y, :h%th%& #&n#t &%sp#nd%nts acti#ns #n May 28, 211< a5#nt%d t# a phiit%d c#nc%&t%d actiity #& 5assacti#n. %&tin%nt6y, th% said pisi#n stat%s4

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S%cti#n / :hich s%&%s t# &%76at% th% p#6itica6&i7hts #$ th#s% in th% 7#%&n5%nt s%&ic%, th% c#nc%&t%d actiity #& 5ass acti#n psc&i%d 5st% c#p6%d :ith th% int%nt #$ %$$%ctin7 :#&= st#ppa7% #& s%&ic% dis&pti#n in #&d%& t# &%a6iB%th%i& d%5ands #$ $#&c% c#nc%ssi#n. W%a&in7 si5i6a&6y c#6#&%d shi&ts, att%ndin7 a p6ic h%a&in7

at th% GSIS'IU #$$ic%, &in7in7 :ith th%5 &%c#&din7 7ad7%ts, c6%nchin7 th%i& $ists, s#5% %%nad5#thin7 th% 7a&ds and GM Ga&cia, a&% acts n#t c#nstitti% #$ an (i) int%nt t# %$$%ct :#&=st#ppa7% #& s%&ic% dis&pti#n and (ii) $#& th% p&p#s% #$ &%a6iBin7 th%i& d%5ands #$ $#&c%c#nc%ssi#n.&%cis%6y, th% 6i5itati#ns #& Da6i$icati#ns $#nd in S%cti#n < #$ CSC R%s#6ti#n N#. 12'/>/ a&%th%&% t# t%5p%& and $#cs th% app6icati#n #$ sch phiiti#n. N#t a66 c#66%cti% actiity #& 5assnd%&ta=in7 #$ 7#%&n5%nt %5p6#y%%s is phiit%d. Oth%&:is%, :% :#6d % t#ta66y d%p&iin7#& th%&s and sist%&s in th% 7#%&n5%nt s%&ic% #$ th%i& c#nstitti#na6 &i7ht t# $&%%d#5 #$%9p&%ssi#n.G#%&n5%nt :#&=%&s, :hat%%& th%i& &an=s, ha% as 5ch &i7ht as any p%&s#n in th% 6and t#

#ic% #t th%i& pt%sts a7ainst :hat th%y %6i%% t# % a i#6ati#n #$ th%i& &i7hts and int%&%sts.Cii6 S%&ic% d#%s n#t d%p&i% th%5 #$ th%i& $&%%d#5 #$ %9p&%ssi#n. It :#6d % n$ai& t# h#6dthat y #inin7 th% 7#%&n5%nt s%&ic%, th% 5%5%&s th%&%#$ ha% &%n#nc%d #& :ai%d thisasic 6i%&ty. This $&%%d#5 can % &%as#na6y &%76at%d #n6y t can n%%& % ta=%n a:ay.

A &%i%: #$ GM Ga&cias $#&5a6 cha&7%s a7ainst th% &%sp#nd%nts &%%a6s that h% hi5s%6$ :asn#t %%n c%&tain :h%th%& th% &%sp#nd%nts and th% &%st #$ th% t:%nty #& s# GSIS %5p6#y%%s :h#:%&% at th% GSIS'IU #$$ic% that $at%$6 day 5a&ch%d th%&% #& st si5p6y app%a&%d th%&%si56tan%#s6y.?/;@ Ths, th% p%titi#n%&s :%&% n#t %%n s&% i$ th% sp#ntan%#s act #$ %ach #$th% t:%nty #& s# GSIS %5p6#y%%s #n May 28, 211< :as a c#nc%&t%d #n%. Th% &%p#&t #$Mana7%& Na7ta6#n #$ th% GSIS'S! :hich :as th% asis $#& GM Ga&cias $#&5a6 cha&7%s&%$6%ct%d sch nc%&tainty. Ths,

O$ th%s% &%d shi&t pt%st%&s, #n6y M&. M#6ina has #$$icia6 sin%ss at th% In%sti7ati#n Unitd&in7 this ti5%. Th% &%st aand#n%d th%i& p#st and dti%s $#& th% d&ati#n #$ this incid%nt :hich6ast%d nti6 /14

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Th% said &%p#&t #$ Na7ta6#n c#ntain%d #n6y a&% $acts. It did n#t sh#: &%sp#nd%nts ni$i%d int%ntt# %$$%ct dis&pti#n #& st#ppa7% in th%i& :#&=. It a6s# $ai6%d t# sh#: that th%i& p&p#s% :as t#d%5and a $#&c% c#nc%ssi#n.In th% &%c%nt cas% #$ GSIS . Hapisanan n7 57a Man77a7a:a sa GSIS,?/@ th% C#&t ph%6dth% p#siti#n #$ p%titi#n%& GSIS %cas% its %5p6#y%%s, n5%&in7 %t:%%n >11 and 011 %ach

day, sta7%d a :a6=#t and pa&ticipat%d in a 5ass pt%st #& d%5#nst&ati#n #tsid% th% GSIS $#&$#& st&ai7ht days. W% cann#t say th% sa5% $#& th% 21 #& s# %5p6#y%%s in this cas%. T# %Dat%th%i& :%a&in7 #$ &%d shi&ts and 7#in7 t# th% GSIS'IU #$$ic% $#& st #%& an h#& :ith that $#&'day5ass acti#n in Hapisanan n7 57a Man77a7a:a sa GSIS cas% and t# pnish th%5 in th% sa5%5ann%& :#6d 5#st c%&tain6y % n$ai& and nst.R%c%nt ana6#7#s d%cisi#ns in th% Unit%d Stat%s, :hi6% &%c#7niBin7 th% 7#%&n5%nts &i7ht as an%5p6#y%& t# 6ay d#:n c%&tain standa&ds #$ c#ndct, t%nd t# 6%an t#:a&ds a ad d%$initi#n #$p6ic c#nc%&n sp%%ch :hich is pt%ct%d y th%i& Fi&st A5%nd5%nt. On% sch cas% is that #$Sc#tt . M%t%&s.?/8@ In said cas%, th% N%: Y#&= T&ansit Ath#&ity (NYTA), &%sp#nsi6% $#p%&ati#n #$N%: Y#&= Citys 5ass t&ansit s%&ic%, iss%d a &6% phiitin7 %5p6#y%%s $:%a&in7 ad7%s #& tt#ns #n th%i& ni$#&5s. A n5%& #$ ni#n 5%5%&s :#&% ni#n tt#ns

p#tin7 th%i& #pp#siti#n t# a c#66%cti% a&7ainin7 a7&%%5%nt. C#ns%D%nt6y, th% NYTA t&i%d t#%n$#&c% its &6% and th&%at%n%d t# s%ct th%s% ni#n 5%5%&s t# discip6in%. Th% c#&t, th#7h&%c#7niBin7 th% 7#%&n5%nts &i7ht t# i5p#s% &%as#na6% &%st&icti#ns, h%6d that th% NYTAs &6%:as nc#nstitti#na66y #%a&d.In an#th%& cas%, C#55nicati#n W#&=%&s #$ A5%&ica . Ect#& C#nty *#spita6 !ist&ict,?/0@ it :ash%6d that,

A c#nty h#spita6 %5p6#y%%s :%a&in7 #$ a Uni#n Y%s 6ap%6 pin d&in7 a ni#n #&7aniBati#n d&i%c#nstitt%d sp%%ch #n a 5att%& #$ p6ic c#nc%&n, and th% c#ntys p$$%&%d int%&%st in %n$#&cin7th% anti'ad#&n5%nt pisi#n #$ its d&%ss c#d% :as #t:%i7h%d y th% %5p6#y%%s int%&%st in%9%&cisin7 his Fi&st A5%nd5%nt sp%%ch and ass#ciati#na6 &i7hts y :%a&in7 a p'ni#n 6ap%6

tt#n.?/3@Ths, &%sp#nd%nts $&%%d#5 #$ sp%%ch and #$ %9p&%ssi#n &%5ains intact, and CSCs R%s#6ti#nN#. 12'/>/ d%$inin7 :hat a phiit%d c#nc%&t%d actiity #& 5ass acti#n has #n6y t%5p%&%d #&&%76at%d th%s% &i7hts. M%as&%d a7ainst that d%$initi#n, &%sp#nd%nts actati#ns did n#t a5#ntt# a phiit%d c#nc%&t%d actiity #& 5ass acti#n. Th% CSC and th% CA :%&% #th c#&&%ct ina&&iin7 at said c#nc6si#n.W*EREFORE, th% assai6%d A7st >/, 2118 !%cisi#n #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s as :%66 as itsOct#%& /, 2118 R%s#6ti#n in CA G.R. S N#. 303

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Case #2Rule 1 Section 6

ME!ISERV, INC.,%titi#n%&,

' %&ss ' G.R. N#. //>0COURT OF AEA"S (Sp%cia6 F#&5%& />th !iisi#n) and "AN!*EIG*TS !EVE"OMENTCORORATION,R%sp#nd%nts.

at%d4Ap&i6 R%s#6ti#n?/@ #$ th%C#&t #$ App%a6s &%instatin7 th% %titi#n $#& R%i%: #$ p&iat% &%sp#nd%nt "andh%i7hts!%%6#p5%nt C#&p#&ati#n and th% N#%5%& 8, 211> R%s#6ti#n?2@ d%nyin7 th% 5#ti#n $#&&%c#nsid%&ati#n th%&%#$.Th% $acts a&% as $#66#:s4

On S%pt%5%& 21, /33;, p%titi#n%& M%dis%&, Inc. %9%ct%d a &%a6 %stat% 5#&t7a7% in $a#& #$China an=in7 C#&p#&ati#n as s%c&ity $#& a 6#an. Th% 5#&t7a7% :as c#nstitt%d #n a

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C#sts a7ainst d%$%ndant.SO OR!ERE!.

A77&i%%d, M%dis%& app%a6%d?

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*#:%%&, a7ain, in th% int%&%st #$ stic%, :% sha66 c#nsid%& th% %6at%d6y $i6%d S%c&%ta&ysC%&ti$icat% as a ss%D%nt c#5p6ianc% #$ #&Ma&ch /3, 211> R%s#6ti#n.W*EREFORE, this C#&ts R%s#6ti#n dat%d S%pt%5%& /, 211> is h%&%y REITERATE!. Th%p%titi#n is h%&%y REINSTATE! and th% &%sp#nd%nt is di&%ct%d t# $i6% its C#55%nt #n th%p%titi#n :ithin t%n (/1) days $ n#tic%.

SO OR!ERE!.Its 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n hain7 %%n d%ni%d y th% app%66at% c#&t, p%titi#n%& is n#:%$#&% s ia th% p&%s%nt &%c#&s%. %titi#n%& $a6ts th% app%66at% c#&t as $#66#:s4T*E RESON!ENT COURT GRAVE"Y AUSE! ITS !ISCRETION AN! ACTE! WIT*OUT

AN! OR IN ECESS OF URIS!ICTION IN REINSTATING T*E ETITION !ESITE T*EC"EAR MAN!ATE OF T*E RU"ES AS WE"" AS T*E URISRU!ENCE AS "AI! !OWN YT*IS *ONORA"E COURT CA""ING FOR T*E !ISMISSA" OF T*E SAI! ETITION.?/0@%titi#n%& a&7%s that $ th% %7innin7, th% C#&t #$ App%a6s $#nd th% p%titi#n $i6%d %$#&% itt# % d%$%cti% $#& $ai6&% t# c#5p6y :ith th% &6%s. It p#ints #t that th%&% is n# sh#:in7 that th%

&%sp#nd%nt c#&p#&ati#n, thh its #a&d #$ di&%ct#&s, had ath#&iB%d M&. !ic=s#n Tan t# $i6% th%p%titi#n $#& &%i%: in its %ha6$ and t# si7n th% %&i$icati#n and c%&ti$icati#n a7ainst $#&5'sh#ppin7.*#:%%&, inst%ad #$ ph#6din7 th% dis5issa6 #$ th% p%titi#n, th% C#&t #$ App%a6sa66#:%d p&iat% &%sp#nd%nt t# &%cti$y its d%$ici%ncy, :hich is c#nt&a&y t# &isp&d%nc%.%titi#n%& a6s# cit%s S%cti#n , pa&a7&aph > #$ th% /338 R6%s #$ Cii6 c%d&%, as a5%nd%d,

p%titi#ns $#& c%&ti#&a&i 5st % %&i$i%d and acc#5pani%d y a s:#&n c%&ti$icati#n #$ n#n'$#&5sh#ppin7.?/3@ A p6%adin7 is %&i$i%d y an a$$idait that th% a$$iant has &%ad th% p6%adin7 and thatth% a66%7ati#ns th%&%in a&% t&% and c#&&%ct #$ his p%&s#na6 =n#:6%d7% #& as%d #n ath%ntic&%c#&ds.?21@ Th% pa&ty n%%d n#t si7n th% %&i$icati#n. A pa&tys &%p&%s%ntati%, 6a:y%& #& anyp%&s#n :h# p%&s#na66y =n#:s th% t&th #$ th% $acts a66%7%d in th% p6%adin7 5ay si7n th%%&i$icati#n.?2/@On th% #th%& hand, a c%&ti$icati#n #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7 is a c%&ti$icati#n nd%& #ath y th%p6ainti$$ #& p&incipa6 pa&ty in th% c#5p6aint #& #th%& initiat#&y p6%adin7 ass%&tin7 a c6ai5 $#& &%6i%$#& in a s:#&n c%&ti$icati#n ann%9%d th%&%t# and si56tan%#s6y $i6%d th%&%:ith, (a) that h% has n#tth%&%t#$#&% c#55%nc%d any acti#n #& $i6%d any c6ai5 in#6in7 th% sa5% iss%s in any c#&t,t&ina6 #& Dasi'dicia6 a7%ncy and, t# th% %st #$ his =n#:6%d7%, n# sch #th%& acti#n #& c6ai5is p%ndin7 th%&%in () i$ th%&% is sch #th%& p%ndin7 acti#n #& c6ai5, a c#5p6%t% stat%5%nt #$ th%

p&%s%nt stats th%&%#$ and (c) i$ h% sh#6d th%&%a$t%& 6%a&n that th% sa5% #& si5i6a& acti#n #&c6ai5 has %%n $i6%d #& is p%ndin7, h% sha66 &%p#&t that $act :ithin $i% (

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In th% cas% #$ !i7ita6 Mic:a% C#&p. . C#&t #$ App%a6s,?2

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In th% instant cas%, th% 5%&its #$ p%titi#n%&s cas% sh#6d % c#nsid%&%d sp%cia6 ci&c5stanc%s #&c#5p%66in7 &%as#ns that sti$y t%5p%&in7 th% &%Di&%5%nt in &%7a&d t# th% c%&ti$icat% #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7. M#&%#%&, in "#y#6a, R#ad:ay, and Uy, th% C#&t %9cs%dn#n'c#5p6ianc% :ithth% &%Di&%5%nt as t# th% c%&ti$icat% #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7. With 5#&% &%as#n sh#6d :% a66#:th% instant p%titi#n sinc% p%titi#n%& h%&%in did s5it a c%&ti$icati#n #n n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7,$ai6in7 #n6y t# sh#: p#$ that th% si7nat#&y :as ath#&iB%d t# d# s#. That p%titi#n%&

ss%D%nt6y s5itt%d a s%c&%ta&ys c%&ti$icat% att%stin7 that a6in :as ath#&iB%d t# $i6% anacti#n #n %ha6$ #$ p%titi#n%& 6i=%:is% 5iti7at%s this #%&si7ht.It 5st a6s# % =%pt in 5ind that :hi6% th% &%Di&%5%nt #$ th% c%&ti$icat% #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7is 5andat#&y, n#n%th%6%ss th%&%Di&%5%nts 5st n#t % int%&p&%t%d t## 6it%&a66y and ths d%$%atth% #%cti% #$ p&%%ntin7 th% nd%si&a6% p&actic% #$ $#&5'sh#ppin7(%&na&d# . N"RC, 21@ :ith si5i6a& $acta6 ci&c5stanc%s that th%&% is sstantia6 c#5p6ianc% :ith

th% R6%s #$ C#&t :h%n th%&% is a %6at%d s5issi#n #& $i6in7 #$ th% s%c&%ta&ys c%&ti$icat%thh a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s d%cisi#n dis5issin7 th% p%titi#n $#&c%&ti#&a&i.In At%n%# d% Na7a Uni%&sity . Mana6#,?>/@ this C#&t ac=n#:6%d7%d that it has &%6a9%d, nd%&

sti$ia6% ci&c5stanc%s, th% &6% &%Di&in7 th% s5issi#n #$ th%s% c%&ti$icati#ns and hasapp6i%d th% &6% #$ sstantia6 c#5p6ianc% nd%& sti$ia6% ci&c5stanc%s :ith &%sp%ct t# th%c#nt%nts #$ th% c%&ti$icati#n. It a6s# c#nc%d%d that i$ this C#&t has a66#:%d th% %6at%d $i6in7 #$th% c%&ti$icati#n a7ainst $#&5 sh#ppin7 $#& c#5p%66in7 &%as#ns in p&%i#s &6in7s, :ith 5#&%&%as#n sh#6d it sancti#n th% ti5%6y s5issi#n #$ sch c%&ti$icati#n th#7h th% p#$ #$ th%si7nat#&ys ath#&ity :as s5itt%d th%&%a$t%&.Th% C#&t is a:a&% #$ th% n%c%ssity $#& a c%&ti$icati#n #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7 in $i6in7 p%titi#ns $#&c%&ti#&a&i as this is &%Di&%d nd%& S%cti#n /, R6% , R6% ; #$ th%

R6%s #$ Cii6 c%d&%, as a5%nd%d. Wh%n th% p%titi#n%& is a c#&p#&ati#n, th% c%&ti$icati#nsh#6d #i#s6y % %9%ct%d y a nat&a6 p%&s#n t# :h#5 th% p#:%& t# %9%ct% schc%&ti$icati#n has %%n a6id6y c#n$%&&%d y th% c#&p#&at% #a&d #$ di&%ct#&s and#& d6yath#&iB%d #$$ic%&s and a7%nts. G%n%&a66y, th% p%titi#n is s%ct t# dis5issa6 i$ a c%&ti$icati#n :ass5itt%d nacc#5pani%d y p#$ #$ th% si7nat#&ys ath#&ity.?>2@*#:%%&, :% 5st 5a=% a distincti#n %t:%%n n#n'c#5p6ianc% :ith th% &%Di&%5%nts $#&c%&ti$icat% #$ n#n'$#&5 sh#ppin7 and %&i$icati#n and sstantia6 c#5p6ianc% :ith th%&%Di&%5%nts as pid%d in th% R6%s #$ C#&t. Th% C#&t has a66#:%d th% %6at%d $i6in7 #$ th%c%&ti$icati#n #n th% sti$icati#n that sch act c#nstitt%s sstantia6 c#5p6ianc%. In R#ad:ayE9p&%ss, Inc. . CA,?>>@ th% C#&t a66#:%d th% $i6in7 #$ th% c%&ti$icati#n $#&t%%n (/;) days %$#&%th% dis5issa6 #$ th% p%titi#n. In Uy . "and an= #$ th% hi6ippin%s,?>;@ th% C#&t &%instat%d ap%titi#n #n th% 7nd #$ sstantia6 c#5p6ianc% %%n th#7h th% %&i$icati#n and c%&ti$icati#n

:%&% s5itt%d #n6y a$t%& th% p%titi#n had a6&%ady %%n #&i7ina66y dis5iss%d. In *at#&Mana7%5%nt hi6s. Inc. . N"RC,?>

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cas%s :% ha% cit%d. In sch ci&c5stanc%s, :% d%%5 it 5#&% in acc#&d :ith sstanti% stic%that th% cas% % d%cid%d #n th% 5%&its.It is s%tt6%d that 6i%&a6 c#nst&cti#n #$ th% &6%s 5ay % in#=%d in sitati#ns :h%&% th%&% 5ay %s#5% %9csa6% $#&5a6 d%$ici%ncy #& %&& in a p6%adin7, pid%d that th% sa5% d#%s n#ts%&t th% %ss%nc% #$ th% pc%%din7 and c#nn#t%s at 6%ast a &%as#na6% att%5pt atc#5p6ianc% :ith th% &6%s. A$t%& a66, &6%s #$ pc%d&% a&% n#t t# % app6i%d in a %&y &i7id,

t%chnica6 s%ns% th%y a&% s%d #n6y t# h%6p s%c&% sstantia6 stic%.?>@Fina66y, :% n#t% that th% instant p%titi#n :as $i6%d nd%& R6% < #$ th% /338 R6%s #$ Cii6c%d&%, as a5%nd%d, :hich &%Di&%s th% %9ist%nc% #$ 7&a% as% #$ disc&%ti#n. G&a%as% #$ disc&%ti#n %9ists :h%&% an act #$ a c#&t #& t&ina6 is p%&$#&5%d :ith a cap&ici#s #&:hi5sica6 %9%&cis% #$ d75%nt %Dia6%nt t# 6ac= #$ &isdicti#n. Th% as% #$ disc&%ti#n 5st% s# pat%nt and 7ss as t# a5#nt t# an %asi#n #$ a p#siti% dty #& t# a i&ta6 &%$sa6 t#p%&$#&5 a dty %n#in%d y 6a:, #& t# act at a66 in c#nt%5p6ati#n #$ 6a:, as :h%&% th% p#:%& is%9%&cis%d in an a&it&a&y and d%sp#tic 5ann%& y &%as#n #$ passi#n #& p%&s#na6 h#sti6ity.?>8@ N#sch 7&a% as% #$ disc&%ti#n %9ists in this cas% t# :a&&ant issanc% #$ th% %9t&a#&dina&y :&it #$c%&ti#&a&i.W*EREFORE, th% p%titi#n is !ISMISSE!. Th% S%pt%5%& /, 211> and N#%5%& 8, 211>R%s#6ti#ns #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s a&% AFFIRME!.

"%t th% &%c#&ds #$ this cas% % REMAN!E! t# th% C#&t #$ App%a6s :hich is h%&%y !IRECTE!t# ta=% appp&iat% acti#n th%&%#n in 6i7ht #$ th% $#&%7#in7 discssi#n :ith !ISATC*.With c#sts a7ainst th% p%titi#n%&.SO OR!ERE!.

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Case #3

Rule 1 Section 6

SPS. HEBER & CHARLIA E!ILL"%titi#n%&s,

' %&ss '

SPS. $"RBER" & !ESI!ERIA !%LPI$AR%sp#nd%nts.

.R. $o. 1''36(

&%s%nt4CARIO, J.,Chairperson,RION,!E" CASTI""O,

AA!, andERE+, JJ.

at%d4ana&y 2/, 21/1

9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

! E C I S I " $

BRI"$ J.4

W% &%s#6% in this !%cisi#n th% %titi#n $#& R%i%: #n Certiorari?/@$i6%d y d%$%ndants'

p%titi#n%&s Sp#s%s *%%& and Cha&6ita Edi66# (defendants-petitioners) :h# s%%= t# &%%&s% and

s%t asid% th% R%s#6ti#ns dat%d ana&y 20, 2113 ?2@and n% //, 2113?>@#$ th% Sp%cia6 F#&5%&

Sp%cia6 !iisi#n #$ Fi% #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s (CA) in CA'G.R. S N#. 12;>'MIN. Th% $i&st

assai6%d CA R%s#6ti#n dis5iss%d #t&i7ht th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s %titi#n $#& R%i%: $#&

$ai6&% t# stat% th% $acta6 ac=7nd #$ th% cas% th% s%c#nd assai6%d CA R%s#6ti#n d%ni%d

th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s M#ti#n $#& R%c#nsid%&ati#n.

)AC%AL BAC*R"%$!

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn1

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Th% $acts #$ th% cas%, 7ath%&%d $ th% pa&ti%s p6%adin7s and ann%9%s, a&% &i%$6y

s55a&iB%d %6#:.

On F%&a&y 2/, 211, p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts Sp#s%s N#&%&t# and !%sid%&ia !6pina

(plaintiffs-respondents) $i6%d a C#5p6aint $#& F#&ci6% Ent&y a7ainst th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s

:ith th% Mnicipa6 Ci&cit T&ia6 C#&t #$ !%6 Ca&5%n'San Isid'San %nit#, S&i7a# d%6 N#&t%

(MCTC).?;@

Th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts a66%7%d that th%y p&chas%d $ W%nc%6it# Ca5in7% a 2>) s%pa&at% !%%ds #$ As#6t% Sa6%?0@$

Ap#6ina& Sa&a7#Ba,?3@F%6#5in# F#&cadi66a,?/1@and W%nc%s6a# CanBad.?//@

HE +CC R%LI$

On May 2>, 2118, th% MCTC &%nd%&%d d75%nt dis5issin7 th% C#5p6aint. It #&d%&%d

th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts t# pay th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s /1,111.11 as acta6 da5a7%s and

an#th%& /1,111.11 as att#&n%ys $%%s.?/2@Th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts c#ns%6 &%c%i%d a c#py #$

th% MCTC d75%nt #n May >/, 2118.?/>@

On n%

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On A7st /@Th% CA d%ni%d th% 5#ti#ns in its R%s#6ti#n #$ n%

//, 2113, n#tin7 that th% a5%nd%d p%titi#n did n#t c#&&%ct th% in$i&5ity #$ th% #&i7ina6 p%titi#n.?2;@

Fac%d :ith this d%%6#p5%nt, th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s $i6%d th% p&%s%nt %titi#n $#&

R%i%: #n Certiorarind%& R6% ;< #$ th% R6%s #$ C#&t.

HE PEII"$

Th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s a&7% that th% CAs #t&i7ht dis5issa6 #$ th% p%titi#n :as

n:a&&ant%d sinc% th% %titi#n $#& R%i%: and th% A5%nd%d %titi#n ($i6%d :ith th% M#ti#n $#&

R%c#nsid%&ati#n #$ th% !is5issa6 #$ th% O&i7ina6 %titi#n) s$$ici%nt6y &%cit%d th% $acta6

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn17http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn20http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn21http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn22http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn23http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn24http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn16http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn17http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn18http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn20http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn21http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn22http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn23http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2010/january2010/188360.htm#_ftn24

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ac=7nd #$ th% cas%. Th%y s5it that th% ann%9%s t# th% #&i7ina6 and a5%nd%d p%titi#ns,

c#nsistin7 #$ th% C#5p6aint, th% Ans:%&, th% #th%& p6%adin7s, and th% MCTC and RTC

!%cisi#ns, a6s# c#ntain this $acta6 ac=7nd. Th%y p#int #t that a &%6a9ati#n #$ t%chnica6

&6%s is sti$i%d y th% 5%&its #$ th% cas% th% RTC had n# &isdicti#n t# %nt%&tain th% p6ainti$$s'

&%sp#nd%nts app%a6 %cas% th% MCTC !%cisi#n had %c#5% $ina6 and %9%ct#&y th% M#ti#n

$#& R%c#nsid%&ati#n th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts $i6%d is a phiit%d p6%adin7 in s55a&y

pc%%din7s and did n#t st#p th% &nnin7 #$ th% p%&i#d $#& th% d%cisi#ns $ina6ity.

F#& th%i& pa&t, th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts s5it that th% &%Di&%5%nts s%t $#&th in S%cti#n

2 #$ R6% ;2 #$ th% R%is%d R6%s #$ C#&t a&% 5andat#&y and th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s ha%

n# disc&%ti#n t t# c#5p6y, citin7 Galang v. Court of Appeals ?2

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6%a&n that a si5i6a& acti#n #& pc%%din7 has %%n $i6%d #& is p%ndin7 %$#&% th%Sp&%5% C#&t, th% C#&t #$ App%a6s, #& di$$%&%nt diisi#ns th%&%#$, #& any #th%&t&ina6 #& a7%ncy, h% nd%&ta=%s t# ppt6y in$#&5 th% a$#&%said c#&ts and#th%& t&ina6 #& a7%ncy th%&%#$ :ithin $i% (1@In this 6in% #$ &6in7s, :% ha% &%p%at%d6y st&%ss%d

that 6iti7ati#n is n#t 5%&%6y a 7a5% #$ t%chnica6iti%s. Th% 6a: and &isp&d%nc% 7&ant t# c#&ts in

the e%erise of their disretion along the lines laid do#n &" this Courtth% p&%ati% t# &%6a9

c#5p6ianc% :ith pc%d&a6 &6%s #$ %%n th% 5#st 5andat#&y cha&act%&, 5ind$6 #$ th% dty t#

&%c#nci6% #th th% n%%d t# pt an %nd t# 6iti7ati#n sp%%di6y and th% pa&ti%s &i7ht t# an #pp#&tnity

t# % h%a&d.?>/@

W% a&% a:a&% #$ th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts cit%d cas%s #$ Galang v. Court of

Appeals?>2@and Tan v. Court of Appeals,?>>@t th%s% &6in7sa&% n#t $66y app6ica6% t# th%

p&%s%nt cas% as th%y a&% n#t sDa&%6y in p#int.

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Galang in#6%d th% dis5issa6 #$ a p%titi#n :ith th% CA $#& n#npay5%nt #$ c#sts :ithin

th&%% (>) days $ n#tic% #$ th% #&d%&. It in#6%d a di&%ct $ai6&% t# c#5p6y :ith a CA di&%cti% a

5att%& ast6y di$$%&%nt $, and 7&%at%& than, th% D%sti#n #$ s$$ici%ncy p#s%d in this

cas%. Tan, #n th% #th%& hand, in#6%d a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n that :as c#nsid%&%d a 5%&%

sc&ap #$ pap%& $#& 6ac= #$ a n#tic% #$ h%a&in7. This is a 5att%& that, at its c#&%, is a d% pc%ss

c#nc%&n th% $ai6&% t# a$$#&d th% #pp#sin7 pa&ty th% #pp#&tnity t# &%sp#nd t# th% 5#ti#n in a

d6y sch%d6%d h%a&in7.

A c#55#na6ity and th% :%i7hti%& &%as#n (a6th#7h n#t s# 7i%n this cha&act%&iBati#n)

%hind #& &6in7s in th%s% cit%d cas%s is th% 6ac= #$ 5%&it #$ th% &%sp%cti% p%titi#n%&s

nd%&6yin7 cas%s. In #th cas%s, :% t##= int# acc#nt th% &%6ati% 5%&its #$ th% pa&ti%s cas%s

and $#nd that a 6i%&a6 int%&p&%tati#n, app6i%d t# th% int%&6#ct#&y iss%s %$#&% s, :#6d % $#&

na7ht %cas% th% p%titi#n%&s nd%&6yin7 cas%s c6%a&6y 6ac=%d 5%&it. As :% &6%d th%n, s# d#

:% &6% n#:. W% ass%ss, a6%it p&%6i5ina&i6y, i$ th% app%a6 is 5%&it#&i#s #n its $ac% and &%6a9 th%

app6ica6% &6% #$ pc%d&% #n6y a$t%& aprima faie$indin7 #$ 5%&it.?>;@

That th%&% :as sstantia6 c#5p6ianc% :ith th% R6%s %cas% th% ac=7nd $acts can

% $#nd :ithin th% $#& c#&n%&s #$ th% p%titi#n and its inc#&p#&at%d ann%9%s, is n#t a n#%6

&6in7 $#& this C#&t. In th% cas% #$ 'eloso v. Marapao?> #$ th%

R6%s #$ C#&t. It is s%tt6%d that 6i%&a6 c#nst&cti#n #$ th% R6%s 5ay % in#=%din sitati#ns :h%&% th%&% 5ay % s#5% %9csa6% $#&5a6 d%$ici%ncy #& %&& in ap6%adin7, pid%d that th% sa5% d#%s n#t s%&t th% %ss%nc% #$ th% pc%%din7

and c#nn#t%s at 6%ast a &%as#na6% att%5pt at c#5p6ianc% :ith th% R6%s. A$t%&a66, &6%s #$ pc%d&% a&% n#t t# % app6i%d in a %&y &i7id, t%chnica6 s%ns% th%ya&% s%d #n6y t# h%6p s%c&% sstantia6 stic%. ?>@

Gi%n this p&%c%d%nt, it #n6y &%5ains $#& s t# d%t%&5in% i$ :% can app6y a 6i%&a6 c#nst&cti#n #$

th% R6%s %cas% a 5%anin7$6 6iti7ati#n #$ th% cas% can %ns% 7i%n th% %titi#ns prima

faie5%&it.

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The defendants-petitionersmeritorious case; a motion forreconsideration is a prohibited

pleading in summary procedure.

O& %9a5inati#n #$ th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s p%titi#n p&%6i5ina&i6y t%66s s that it is n#t

:ith#t 5%&it, :hich 5%&it :#6d &%5ain n%nti6at%d n6%ss :% &%6a9 #& app6icati#n #$ th%

t%chnica6 &%Di&%5%nts app6ica6% t# th%i& app%a6. Th% D%sti#n, t##, that th% d%$%ndants'

p%titi#n%&s p#s% is n#t a 5in#& #n% as it in#6%s a %&y asic D%sti#n #$ 6a: :h%th%& th% RTC

has &isdicti#n t# %nt%&tain an app%a6 $ a $ina6 and %9%ct#&y MCTC d%cisi#n. Acc#&din7 t#

th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s, th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts $i6in7 #$ a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n #$ th%

MCTC d75%nt did n#t st#p th% &nnin7 #$ th% p%&i#d $#& app%a6 sinc% a 5#ti#n $#&

&%c#nsid%&ati#n is a phiit%d p6%adin7 nd%& th% RRS.

W% a7&%% :ith th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s.

&isdicti#n #%& $#&ci6% %nt&y and n6a:$6 d%tain%& cas%s %6#n7s t# th% M%tp#6itan

T&ia6 C#&ts, th% Mnicipa6 T&ia6 C#&ts in Citi%s, th% Mnicipa6 T&ia6 C#&ts, and th% Mnicipa6

Ci&cit T&ia6 C#&ts.?>8@Th% RRS app6i%s t# p&%%nt nd% d%6ays in th% disp#siti#n #$ cas%s t#

achi%% this %nd, th% $i6in7 #$ c%&tain p6%adin7s a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n, a5#n7 #th%&s is

phiit%d. ?>0@

Sp%ci$ica66y, S%cti#n /3(c) #$ th% R6%s #$ S55a&y c%d&% and S%cti#n />(c) #$ R6%81 #$ th% R6%s #$ C#&t c#nsid%& a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n #$ a d75%nt a phiit%d

p6%adin7.?>3@Ths, :h%n th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts $i6%d #n n% , 2118 MCTC d75%nt (:hich

th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts &%c%i%d thh c#ns%6 #n May >/, 2118) had 6#n7 6aps%d t# $ina6ity

:h%n th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts $i6%d th%i& N#tic% #$ App%a6 #n 6y >1, 2118.

The octrine of !mmutability

A d75%nt that has %c#5% $ina6 and %9%ct#&y is i55ta6% and na6t%&a6%?;1@th%

d75%nt 5ay n# 6#n7%& % 5#di$i%d in any &%sp%ct, %%n i$ th% 5#di$icati#n is 5%ant t# c#&&%ct

:hat is p%&c%i%d t# % an %&n%#s c#nc6si#n #$ $act #& 6a:, and &%7a&d6%ss #$ :h%th%& th%

5#di$icati#n is att%5pt%d t# % 5ad% y th% c#&t &%nd%&in7 it #& y th% hi7h%st C#&t #$ th%

6and.?;/@Whi6% th%&% a&% &%c#7niB%d %9c%pti#ns e.g., th% c#&&%cti#n #$ c6%&ica6 %&&s, th% s#'

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ca66%d nun pro tun%nt&i%s :hich cas% n# p&%dic% t# any pa&ty, #id d75%nts, and

:h%n%%& ci&c5stanc%s t&anspi&% a$t%& th% $ina6ity #$ th% d%cisi#n &%nd%&in7 its %9%cti#n nst

and in%Dita6%?;2@n#n% #$ th%s% %9c%pti#ns app6y t# th% p&%s%nt cas%.

"iti7ati#n 5st at s#5% ti5% %nd, %%n at th% &is= #$ #ccasi#na6 %&&s. 6ic p#6icy

dictat%s that #nc% a d75%nt %c#5%s $ina6, %9%ct#&y and napp%a6a6%, th% p&%ai6in7 pa&ty

sh#6d n#t % d%ni%d th% $&its #$ his ict#&y y s#5% st%&$7% d%is%d y th% 6#sin7 pa&ty.

Unsti$i%d d%6ay in th% %n$#&c%5%nt #$ a d75%nt s%ts at na7ht th% % and p&p#s% #$ th%

c#&ts t# &%s#6% sticia6% c#nt%&si%s :ith $ina6ity.?;>@

In th% p&%s%nt cas%, th% 6aps% #$ th% p%&i#d $#& app%a6 &%nd%&%d th% RTC :ith#t any

&isdicti#n t# %nt%&tain, 5ch 6%ss 7&ant, th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts app%a6 $ th% $ina6 and

i55ta6% MCTC d75%nt. This %&y asic 6%7a6 &%a6ity :#6d $#&%%& % 6#st i$ :% a66#: th% CAt# dis5iss th% d%$%ndants'p%titi#n%&s app%a6 #t&i7ht #n th% asis #$ a t%chnica6ity that, a$t%& a66,

has %%n sstantia66y c#5p6i%d :ith.

:HERE)"RE, in 6i7ht #$ a66 th% $#&%7#in7, :%

h%&%y RE;ERSEand SEASI!Eth% R%s#6ti#ns dat%d ana&y 20, 2113 and n% //, 2113

#$ th% Sp%cia6 F#&5%& Sp%cia6 !iisi#n #$ Fi% #$ th% C#&t #$ App%a6s in CA'G.R. S N#.

12;>'MIN. Th% !%cisi#n dat%d N#%5%& 8, 2118 and O&d%& dat%d 6y /, 2110 #$ th%

R%7i#na6 T&ia6 C#&t, &anch >/, !apa, S&i7a# d%6 N#&t% a&% A$$%LLE!. Th% d75%nt

dat%d May 2>, 2118 #$ th% Mnicipa6 Ci&cit T&ia6 C#&t, !%6 Ca&5%n'San Isid'San %nit#,

S&i7a# d%6 N#&t% is REI$SAE!. C#sts a7ainst th% p6ainti$$s'&%sp#nd%nts.

SO OR!ERE!.

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Case#4Rule 2 section 1

*I"I TURNER and E"NORA TURNER,%titi#n%&s,

'%&ss '

"OREN+O S*IINGCORORATION,R%sp#nd%nt. G.R. N#. /

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Ths, th% p%titi#n%&s a&% n#: %$#&% th% C#&t t# cha66%n7% th% CAs d%cisi#n pat%d #nMa&ch ;, 211> in C.A.'G.R. S N#. 8;/

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0) 999 th% $ai& a6% #$ th% sha&%s #$ th% p%titi#n%&s as $i9%d y th% App&aisa6 C#55itt%% is $ina6,that th% sa5% cann#t % dispt%d 9993) 999 th%&% is n# 7%nin% iss% t# 5at%&ia6 $act and th%&%$#&%, th% p6ainti$$s a&% %ntit6%d, as a5att%& #$ &i7ht, t# a s55a&y d75%nt. 999 ?@

Th% &%sp#nd%nt #pp#s%d th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt, statin7 that th%d%t%&5inati#n #$ th% n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s sh#6d % 5ad% at th% %nd #$ th% $isca6 y%a$ th% &%sp#nd%nt, and that th% p%titi#n%&s did n#t ha% a cas% #$ acti#n a7ainst th%&%sp#nd%nt.!&in7 th% p%nd%ncy #$ th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt, h#:%%&, th% &%sidin7 d7%#$ &anch />> t&ans5itt%d th% &%c#&ds t# th% C6%&= #$ C#&t $#& &%'&a$$6in7 t# any #$ th% RTCssp%cia6 c#55%&cia6 c#&ts in Ma=ati City d% t# th% cas% %in7 an int&a'c#&p#&at% dispt%.*%nc%, Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10 :as &%'&a$$6%d t# &anch /;2.N%%&th%6%ss, %cas% th% p&incipa6 #$$ic% #$ th% &%sp#nd%nt :as in Mani6a, Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10 :as 6ti5at%6y t&ans$%&&%d t# &anch ; #$ th% RTC in Mani6a, p&%sid%d y d7% A&t%5i#

Tip#n,?8@ p&sant t# th% Int%&i5 R6%s #$ c%d&% #n Int&a'C#&p#&at% C#nt%&si%s (Int%&i5R6%s) &%Di&in7 int&a'c#&p#&at% cas%s t# % ht in th% RTC %9%&cisin7 &isdicti#n #%& th%p6ac% :h%&% th% p&incipa6 #$$ic% #$ th% c#&p#&ati#n :as $#nd.

A$t%& th% c#n$%&%nc% in Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10 s%t #n Oct#%& 2>, 2112, :hich th% p%titi#n%&sc#ns%6 did n#t att%nd, d7% Tip#n iss%d an #&d%&,?0@ 7&antin7 th% p%titi#n%&s 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6s55a&y d75%nt, statin74

As t# th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt, th%&% is n# D%sti#n that th% >'5an c#55itt%%5andat%d t# app&ais% th% sha&%h#6din7s #$ p6ainti$$ s5itt%d its &%c#55%ndati#n #n Oct#%&28, 2111 $i9in7 th% $ai& a6% #$ th% sha&%s #$ st#c=s #$ th% p6ainti$$ at 2.1) days a$t%& th% a:a&d is 5ad%.Th% #n6y &%st&icti#n i5p#s%d y th% C#&p#&ati#n C#d% isThat n# pay5%nt sha66 % 5ad% t# any diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& n6%ss th% c#&p#&ati#n hasn&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7 in its ##=s t# c#%& sch pay5%nt.Th% %id%nc% s5itt%d y p6ainti$$s sh#:s that in its Da&t%&6y $inancia6 stat%5%nt it s5itt%dt# th% S%c&iti%s and E9chan7% C#55issi#n, th% d%$%ndant has &%tain%d %a&nin7s #$//,38

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On N#%5%& /2, 2112, th% &%sp#nd%nt $i6%d a 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n.On th% sch%d6%d h%a&in7 #$ th% 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n #n N#%5%& 22, 2112, th%p%titi#n%&s $i6%d a 5#ti#n $#& i55%diat% %9%cti#n and a 5#ti#n t# st&i=% #t 5#ti#n $#&

&%c#nsid%&ati#n. In th% 6att%& 5#ti#n, th%y p#int%d #t that th% 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n :asphiit%d y S%cti#n 0 #$ th% Int%&i5 R6%s. Ths, a6s# #n N#%5%& 22, 2112, d7% Tip#nd%ni%d th% 5#ti#n $#& &%c#nsid%&ati#n and 7&ant%d th% p%titi#n%&s 5#ti#n $#& i55%diat%%9%cti#n.?/1@Ss%D%nt6y, #n N#%5%& 20, 2112, th% RTC iss%d a :&it #$ %9%cti#n.?//@

A77&i%%d, th% &%sp#nd%nt c#55%nc%d a sp%cia6 cii6 acti#n $#& c%&ti#&a&i in th% CA t# cha66%n7%th% t:# a$#&%cit%d #&d%&s #$ d7% Tip#n, c6ai5in7 that4

A.U!GE TION GRAVE"Y AUSE! *IS !ISCRETION IN GRANTING SUMMARY U!GMENTTO T*E SOUSES TURNER, ECAUSE AT T*E TIME T*E COM"AINT WAS FI"E!, "SC

*A! NO RETAINE! EARNINGS, AN! T*US WAS COM"YING WIT* T*E "AW, AN! NOTVIO"ATING ANY RIG*TS OF T*E SOUSES TURNER, W*EN IT REFUSE! TO AY T*EMT*E VA"UE OF T*EIR "SC S*ARES. ANY RETAINE! EARNINGS MA!E A YEAR AFTERT*E COM"AINT WAS FI"E! ARE IRRE"EVANT TO T*E SOUSES TURNERS RIG*T TORECOVER UN!ER T*E COM"AINT, ECAUSE T*E WE""'SETT"E! RU"E, REEATE!"YROUG*T TO U!GE TIONS ATTENTION, IS IF NO RIG*T EISTE! AT T*E TIME (T)*E

ACTION WAS COMMENCE! T*E SUIT CANNOT E MAINTAINE!, A"T*OUG* SUC*RIG*T OF ACTION MAY *AVE ACCRUE! T*EREAFTER.

.U!GE TION IGNORE! CONTRO""ING CASE "AW, AN! T*US GRAVE"Y AUSE! *IS

!ISCRETION, W*EN *E GRANTE! AN! ISSUE! T*E -UESTIONE! WRIT OFEECUTION !IRECTING T*E EECUTION OF *IS ARTIA" SUMMARY U!GMENT INFAVOR OF T*E SOUSES TURNER, ECAUSE T*AT U!GMENT IS NOT A FINA"U!GMENT UN!ER SECTION / OF RU"E >3 OF T*E RU"ES OF COURT AN!T*EREFORE CANNOT E SUECT OF EECUTION UN!ER T*E SUREME COURTSCATEGORICA" *O"!ING IN ROVINCE OF ANGASINAN VS. COURT OF AEA"S.Up#n th% &%sp#nd%nts app6icati#n, th% CA iss%d a t%5p#&a&y &%st&ainin7 #&d%& (TRO), %n#inin7th% p%titi#n%&s, and th%i& a7%nts and &%p&%s%ntati%s $ %n$#&cin7 th% :&it #$ %9%cti#n. yth%n, h#:%%&, th% :&it #$ %9%cti#n had %%n pa&tia66y %n$#&c%d.Th% TRO 6aps%d :ith#t th% CA issin7 a :&it #$ p&%6i5ina&y inncti#n t# p&%%nt th% %9%cti#n.

Th%&%p#n, th% sh%&i$$ &%s5%d th% %n$#&c%5%nt #$ th% :&it #$ %9%cti#n.Th% CA pat%d its assai6%d d%cisi#n #n Ma&ch ;, 211>,?/2@ p%&tin%nt6y h#6din74*#:%%&, it is c6%a& $ th% $#&%7#in7 that th% T&n%&s app&aisa6 &i7ht is s%ct t# th% 6%7a6c#nditi#n that n# pay5%nt sha66 % 5ad% t# any diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& n6%ss th% c#&p#&ati#nhas n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s in its ##=s t# c#%& sch pay5%nt. Ths, th% Sp&%5% C#&th%6d that4

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Th% &%Di&%5%nt #$ n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s t# c#%& th% sha&%s is as%d #n th% t&st $ndd#ct&in% :hich 5%ans that th% capita6 st#c=, pp%&ty and #th%& ass%ts #$ a c#&p#&ati#n a&%&%7a&d%d as %Dity in t&st $#& th% pay5%nt #$ c#&p#&at% c&%dit#&s. Th% &%as#n is that c&%dit#&s #$a c#&p#&ati#n a&% p&%$%&&%d #%& th% st#c=h#6d%&s in th% dist&iti#n #$ c#&p#&at% ass%ts.Th%&%can % n# dist&iti#n #$ ass%ts a5#n7 th% st#c=h#6d%&s :ith#t $i&st payin7 c#&p#&at% c&%dit#&s.*%nc%, any disp#siti#n #$ c#&p#&at% $nds t# th% p&%dic% #$ c&%dit#&s is n66 and #id. C&%dit#&s

#$ a c#&p#&ati#n ha% th% &i7ht t# ass5% that s# 6#n7 as th%&% a&% #tstandin7 d%ts and6iai6iti%s, th% #a&d #$ di&%ct#&s :i66 n#t s% th% ass%ts #$ th% c#&p#&ati#n t# p&chas% its #:nst#c=.In th% instant cas%, it :as %sta6ish%d that th%&% :%&% n# n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s :h%nth% T&n%&s $i6%d th%i& C#5p6aint. In a 6%tt%& dat%d 21 A7st 2111, p%titi#n%& in$#&5%d th%T&n%&s that pay5%nt #$ th%i& sha&%s c#6d #n6y % 5ad% i$ it had n&%st&ict%d %a&nin7s in its##=s t# c#%& th% sa5%. %titi#n%& &%it%&at%d this in a 6%tt%& dat%d 2 ana&y 211/ :hich $&th%&in$#&5%d th% T&n%&s that its Financia6 Stat%5%nt $#& $isca6 y%a& /333 sh#:s that its &%tain%d%a&nin7s %ndin7 !%c%5%& >/, /333 :as at a d%$icit in th% a5#nt #$82,38>,//;.11, a 5att%&:hich has n#t %%n dispt%d y p&iat% &%sp#nd%nts. *%nc%, in acc#&danc% :ith th% s%c#ndpa&a7&aph #$ s%c. 02, 0 sp&a, th% T&n%&s &i7ht t# pay5%nt had n#t y%t acc&%d :h%n th%y

$i6%d th%i& C#5p6aint #n ana&y 22, 211/, a6%it th%i& app&aisa6 &i7ht a6&%ady %9ist%d.In hi6ippin% A5%&ican G%n%&a6 Ins&anc% C#. Inc. s. S:%%t "in%s, Inc., th% Sp&%5% C#&td%c6a&%d that4N#:, %$#&% an acti#n can pp%&6y % c#55%nc%d a66 th% %ss%ntia6 %6%5%nts #$ th% cas% #$acti#n 5st % in %9ist%nc%, that is, th% cas% #$ acti#n 5st % c#5p6%t%. A66 a6id c#nditi#nsp&%c%d%nt t# th% institti#n #$ th% pa&tic6a& acti#n, :h%th%& p&%sc&i%d y statt%, $i9%d ya7&%%5%nt #$ th% pa&ti%s #& i5p6i%d y 6a: 5st % p%&$#&5%d #& c#5p6i%d :ith %$#&%c#55%ncin7 th% acti#n, n6%ss th% c#ndct #$ th% ad%&s% pa&ty has %%n sch as t# p&%%nt #&:ai% p%&$#&5anc% #& %9cs% n#n'p%&$#&5anc% #$ th% c#nditi#n.It %a&s &%statin7 that a &i7ht #$ acti#n is th% &i7ht t# p&%s%nt6y %n$#&c% a cas% #$ acti#n, :hi6% a

cas% #$ acti#n c#nsists #$ th% #p%&ati% $acts :hich 7i% &is% t# sch &i7ht #$ acti#n. Th% &i7ht #$acti#n d#%s n#t a&is% nti6 th% p%&$#&5anc% #$ a66 c#nditi#ns p&%c%d%nt t# th% acti#n and 5ay %ta=%n a:ay y th% &nnin7 #$ th% statt% #$ 6i5itati#ns, thh %st#pp%6, #& y #th%&ci&c5stanc%s :hich d# n#t a$$%ct th% cas% #$ acti#n. %&$#&5anc% #& $6$i665%nt #$ a66c#nditi#ns p&%c%d%nt p#n :hich a &i7ht #$ acti#n d%p%nds 5st % s$$ici%nt6y a66%7%d,c#nsid%&in7 that th% &d%n #$ p#$ t# sh#: that a pa&ty has a &i7ht #$ acti#n is p#n th% p%&s#ninitiatin7 th% sit.Th% T&n%&s &i7ht #$ acti#n as% #n6y :h%n p%titi#n%& had a6&%ady &%tain%d %a&nin7s in th%a5#nt #$ //,38

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acti#n sh#6d n#t % s55#n%d %$#&% th% p6ic t&ina6s t# ans:%& c#5p6aints :hich a&%7nd6%ss. An acti#n p&%5at&%6y ht is a 7nd6%ss sit. Un6%ss th% p6ainti$$ has a a6idand ssistin7 cas% #$ acti#n at th% ti5% his acti#n is c#55%nc%d, th% d%$%ct cann#t % c&%d#& &%5%di%d y th% acDisiti#n #& acc&a6 #$ #n% :hi6% th% acti#n is p%ndin7, and a spp6%5%nta6c#5p6aint #& an a5%nd5%nt s%ttin7 p sch a$t%&'acc&%d cas% #$ acti#n is n#t p%&5issi6%.

Th% a$#&%'D#t%d &6in7 :as &%it%&at%d in Y#n7 s C#&t #$ App%a6s and "a# s. C#&t #$App%a6s.Th% T&n%&s app&%h%nsi#n that th%i& c6ai5 $#& pay5%nt 5ay p&%sc&i% i$ th%y :ait $#& th%p%titi#n%& t# ha% n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s is 5isp6ac%d. It is th% 6%7a6 p#ssii6ity #$&in7in7 th% acti#n that d%t%&5in%s th% sta&tin7 p#int $#& th% c#5ptati#n #$ th% p%&i#d #$p&%sc&ipti#n. Stat%d #th%&:is%, th% p&%sc&ipti% p%&i#d is t# % &%c=#n%d $ th% acc&a6 #$ th%i&&i7ht #$ acti#n.

Acc#&din76y, W% h#6d that p6ic &%sp#nd%nt %9c%%d%d its &isdicti#n :h%n it %nt%&tain%d th%

h%&%in C#5p6aint and iss%d th% assai6%d O&d%&s. E9c%ss #$ &isdicti#n is th% stat% #$ %in7%y#nd #& #tsid% th% 6i5its #$ &isdicti#n, and as distin7ish%d $ th% %nti&% as%nc% #$

&isdicti#n, 5%ans that th% act a6th#7h :ithin th% 7%n%&a6 p#:%& #$ th% d7%, is n#t ath#&iB%dand th%&%$#&% #id, :ith &%sp%ct t# th% pa&tic6a& cas%, %cas% th% c#nditi#ns :hich ath#&iB%th% %9%&cis% #$ his 7%n%&a6 p#:%& in that pa&tic6a& cas% a&% :antin7, and h%nc%, th% dicia6p#:%& is n#t in $act 6a:$66y in#=%d.W% $ind n# n%c%ssity t# discss th% s%c#nd 7nd &ais%d in this p%titi#n.W*EREFORE, p#n th% p&%5is%s, th% p%titi#n is GRANTE!. Th% assai6%d O&d%&s and th%c#&&%sp#ndin7 W&its #$ Ga&nish5%nt a&%NU""IFIE!. Cii6 Cas% N#. 12'/1;32 is h%&%y#&d%&%d !ISMISSE! :ith#t p&%dic% t# &%$i6in7 y th% p&iat% &%sp#nd%nts #$ th% acti#n $#&

%n$#&c%5%nt #$ th%i& &i7ht t# pay5%nt as :ithd&a:in7 st#c=h#6d%&s.SO OR!ERE!.Th% p%titi#n%&s n#: c#5% t# th% C#&t $#& a &%i%: #n c%&ti#&a&i #$ th% CAs d%cisi#n, s5ittin7that4I.T*E COURT OF AEA"S COMMITTE! SERIOUS ERRORS OF "AW W*EN IT GRANTE!T*E ETITION FOR CERTIORARI W*EN T*E REGIONA" TRIA" COURT OF MANI"A !I!NOT ACT EYON! ITS URIS!ICTION AMOUNTING TO "ACH OF URIS!ICTION INGRANTING T*E MOTION FOR ARTIA" SUMMARY U!GMENT AN! IN GRANTING T*E

MOTION FOR IMME!IATE EECUTION OF U!GMENTII.T*E COURT OF AEA"S COMMITTE! SERIOUS ERRORS OF "AW W*EN IT OR!ERE!T*E !ISMISSA" OF T*E CASE, W*EN T*E ETITION FOR CERTIORARI MERE"YSOUG*T T*E ANNU"MENT OF T*E OR!ER GRANTING T*E MOTION FOR ARTIA"SUMMARY U!GMENT AN! OF T*E OR!ER GRANTING T*E MOTION FOR IMME!IATEEECUTION OF T*E U!GMENT

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III.T*E *ONORA"E COURT OF AEA"S *AS !ECI!E! -UESTIONS OF SUSTANCE NOTT*EREFORE !ETERMINE! Y T*IS *ONORA"E COURT AN!OR !ECI!E! IT IN A WAYNOT IN ACCOR! WIT* "AW OR WIT* URISRU!ENCE.R6in7

Th% p%titi#n $ai6s.Th% CA c#&&%ct6y c#nc6d%d that th% RTC had %9c%%d%d its &isdicti#n in %nt%&tainin7 th%p%titi#n%&s c#5p6aint in Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10, and in &%nd%&in7 th% s55a&y d75%nt andissin7 :&it #$ %9%cti#n.

A.St#c=h#6d%&s Ri7ht #$ App&aisa6, In G%n%&a6

A st#c=h#6d%& :h# diss%nts $ c%&tain c#&p#&at% acti#ns has th% &i7ht t# d%5and pay5%nt #$th% $ai& a6% #$ his #& h%& sha&%s. This &i7ht, =n#:n as th% &i7ht #$ app&aisa6, is %9p&%ss6y&%c#7niB%d in S%cti#n 0/ #$ th% C#&p#&ati#n C#d%, t# :it4S%cti#n 0/. Instanc%s #$ app&aisa6 &i7ht. ' Any st#c=h#6d%& #$ a c#&p#&ati#n sha66 ha% th% &i7ht t#diss%nt and d%5and pay5%nt #$ th% $ai& a6% #$ his sha&%s in th% $#66#:in7 instanc%s4/. In cas% any a5%nd5%nt t# th% a&tic6%s #$ inc#&p#&ati#n has th% %$$%ct #$ chan7in7 #&&%st&ictin7 th% &i7hts #$ any st#c=h#6d%& #& c6ass #$ sha&%s, #& #$ ath#&iBin7 p&%$%&%nc%s in any&%sp%ct sp%&i#& t# th#s% #$ #tstandin7 sha&%s #$ any c6ass, #& #$ %9t%ndin7 #& sh#&t%nin7 th%t%&5 #$ c#&p#&at% %9ist%nc%

2. In cas% #$ sa6%, 6%as%, %9chan7%, t&ans$%&, 5#&t7a7%, p6%d7% #& #th%& disp#siti#n #$ a66 #&sstantia66y a66 #$ th% c#&p#&at% pp%&ty and ass%ts as pid%d in th% C#d% and>. In cas% #$ 5%&7%& #& c#ns#6idati#n. (n)

C6%a&6y, th% &i7ht #$ app&aisa6 5ay % %9%&cis%d :h%n th%&% is a $nda5%nta6 chan7% in th%cha&t%& #& a&tic6%s #$ inc#&p#&ati#n sstantia66y p&%dicin7 th% &i7hts #$ th% st#c=h#6d%&s. It d#%sn#t %st n6%ss #%cti#na6% c#&p#&at% acti#n is ta=%n.?/>@ It s%&%s th% p&p#s% #$ %na6in7 th%diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& t# ha% his int%&%sts p&chas%d and t# &%ti&% $ th% c#&p#&ati#n.?/;@Und%& th% c#55#n 6a:, th%&% :%&% #&i7ina66y c#n$6ictin7 i%:s #n :h%th%& a c#&p#&ati#n had th%

p#:%& t# acDi&% #& p&chas% its #:n st#c=s. In En76and, it :as h%6d ina6id $#& a c#&p#&ati#n t#p&chas% its iss%d st#c=s %cas% sch p&chas% :as an indi&%ct 5%th#d #$ &%dcin7 capita6(:hich :as statt#&i6y &%st&ict%d), asid% $ %in7 inc#nsist%nt :ith th% p&ii6%7% #$ 6i5it%d6iai6ity t# c&%dit#&s.?/

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c#&p#&ati#n #$ its ass%ts and a7ainst th% i5pai&5%nt #$ its capita6 n%%d%d $#& th% pt%cti#n #$c&%dit#&s.?/8@N#:, h#:%%&, a c#&p#&ati#n can p&chas% its #:n sha&%s, pid%d pay5%nt is 5ad% #t #$s&p6s p$its and th% acDisiti#n is $#& a 6%7iti5at% c#&p#&at% p&p#s%.?/0@ In th% hi6ippin%s,this n%: &6% is %5#di%d in S%cti#n ;/ #$ th% C#&p#&ati#n C#d%, t# :it4

S%cti#n ;/. #:%& t# acDi&% #:n sha&%s. ' A st#c= c#&p#&ati#n sha66 ha% th% p#:%& t#p&chas% #& acDi&% its #:n sha&%s $#& a 6%7iti5at% c#&p#&at% p&p#s% #& p&p#s%s, inc6din7 tn#t 6i5it%d t# th% $#66#:in7 cas%s4 id%d, That th% c#&p#&ati#n has n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d%a&nin7s in its ##=s t# c#%& th% sha&%s t# % p&chas%d #& acDi&%d4/. T# %6i5inat% $&acti#na6 sha&%s a&isin7 #t #$ st#c= diid%nds2. T# c#66%ct #& c#5pis% an ind%t%dn%ss t# th% c#&p#&ati#n, a&isin7 #t #$ npaidssc&ipti#n, in a d%6inD%ncy sa6%, and t# p&chas% d%6inD%nt sha&%s s#6d d&in7 said sa6%and

>. T# pay diss%ntin7 #& :ithd&a:in7 st#c=h#6d%&s %ntit6%d t# pay5%nt $#& th%i& sha&%s nd%& th%pisi#ns #$ this C#d%. (n)Th% C#&p#&ati#n C#d% d%$in%s h#: th% &i7ht #$ app&aisa6 is %9%&cis%d, as :%66 as th% i5p6icati#ns#$ th% &i7ht #$ app&aisa6, as $#66#:s4/. Th% app&aisa6 &i7ht is %9%&cis%d y any st#c=h#6d%& :h# has #t%d a7ainst th% pp#s%dc#&p#&at% acti#n y 5a=in7 a :&itt%n d%5and #n th% c#&p#&ati#n :ithin >1 days a$t%& th% dat% #n:hich th% #t% :as ta=%n $#& th% pay5%nt #$ th% $ai& a6% #$ his sha&%s. Th% $ai6&% t# 5a=% th%d%5and :ithin th% p%&i#d is d%%5%d a :ai%& #$ th% app&aisa6 &i7ht.?/3@2. I$ th% :ithd&a:in7 st#c=h#6d%& and th% c#&p#&ati#n cann#t a7&%% #n th% $ai& a6% #$ th%

sha&%s :ithin a p%&i#d #$ 1 days $ th% dat% th% st#c=h#6d%&s app%d th% c#&p#&at% acti#n,th% $ai& a6% sha66 % d%t%&5in%d and app&ais%d y th&%% disint%&%st%d p%&s#ns, #n% #$ :h#5sha66 % na5%d y th% st#c=h#6d%&, an#th%& y th% c#&p#&ati#n, and th% thi&d y th% t:# thsch#s%n. Th% $indin7s and a:a&d #$ th% 5a#&ity #$ th% app&ais%&s sha66 % $ina6, and th%c#&p#&ati#n sha66 pay th%i& a:a&d :ithin >1 days a$t%& th% a:a&d is 5ad%. Up#n pay5%nt y th%c#&p#&ati#n #$ th% a7&%%d #& a:a&d%d p&ic%, th% st#c=h#6d%& sha66 $#&th:ith t&ans$%& his #& h%&sha&%s t# th% c#&p#&ati#n.?21@>. A66 &i7hts acc&in7 t# th% :ithd&a:in7 st#c=h#6d%&s sha&%s, inc6din7 #tin7 and diid%nd&i7hts, sha66 % ssp%nd%d $ th% ti5% #$ d%5and $#& th% pay5%nt #$ th% $ai& a6% #$ th%sha&%s nti6 %ith%& th% aand#n5%nt #$ th% c#&p#&at% acti#n in#6%d #& th% p&chas% #$ th%sha&%s y th% c#&p#&ati#n, %9c%pt th% &i7ht #$ sch st#c=h#6d%& t# &%c%i% pay5%nt #$ th% $ai&

a6% #$ th% sha&%s.?2/@;. Within /1 days a$t%& d%5andin7 pay5%nt $#& his #& h%& sha&%s, a diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%&sha66 s5it t# th% c#&p#&ati#n th% c%&ti$icat%s #$ st#c= &%p&%s%ntin7 his sha&%s $#& n#tati#nth%&%#n that sch sha&%s a&% diss%ntin7 sha&%s. A $ai6&% t# d# s# sha66, at th% #pti#n #$ th%c#&p#&ati#n, t%&5inat% his &i7hts nd%& this Tit6% #$ th%C#&p#&ati#n C#d%. I$ sha&%s &%p&%s%nt%dy th% c%&ti$icat%s %a&in7 sch n#tati#n a&% t&ans$%&&%d, and th% c%&ti$icat%s a&% c#ns%D%nt6ycanc%6%d, th% &i7hts #$ th% t&ans$%& as a diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& nd%& this Tit6% sha66 c%as% and

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th% t&ans$%&%% sha66 ha% a66 th% &i7hts #$ a &%76a& st#c=h#6d%& and a66 diid%nd dist&iti#ns that:#6d ha% acc&%d #n sch sha&%s sha66 % paid t# th% t&ans$%&%%.?22@@

N#t:ithstandin7 th% $#&%7#in7, n# pay5%nt sha66 % 5ad% t# any diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& n6%ssth% c#&p#&ati#n has n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s in its ##=s t# c#%& th% pay5%nt. In cas% th%c#&p#&ati#n has n# aai6a6% n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s in its ##=s, S%cti#n 0> #$ th%C#&p#&ati#n C#d% pid%s that i$ th% diss%ntin7 st#c=h#6d%& is n#t paid th% a6% #$ his sha&%s:ithin >1 days a$t%& th% a:a&d, his #tin7 and diid%nd &i7hts sha66 i55%diat%6y % &%st#&%d.Th% t&st $nd d#ct&in% ac=st#ps th% &%Di&%5%nt #$ n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s t# $nd th%pay5%nt #$ th% sha&%s #$ st#c=s #$ th% :ithd&a:in7 st#c=h#6d%&s. Und%& th% d#ct&in%, th% capita6st#c=, pp%&ty, and #th%& ass%ts #$ a c#&p#&ati#n a&% &%7a&d%d as %Dity in t&st $#& th% pay5%nt#$ c#&p#&at% c&%dit#&s, :h# a&% p&%$%&&%d in th% dist&iti#n #$ c#&p#&at% ass%ts.?2;@ Th%

c&%dit#&s #$ a c#&p#&ati#n ha% th% &i7ht t# ass5% that th% #a&d #$ di&%ct#&s :i66 n#t s% th%ass%ts #$ th% c#&p#&ati#n t# p&chas% its #:n st#c= $#& as 6#n7 as th% c#&p#&ati#n has#tstandin7 d%ts and 6iai6iti%s.?2

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Th% RTCs c#nst&a6 #$ th% C#&p#&ati#n C#d% :as nsstaina6%, %cas% it did n#t ta=% int#acc#nt th% p%titi#n%&s 6ac= #$ a cas% #$ acti#n a7ainst th% &%sp#nd%nt. In #&d%& t# 7i% &is% t#any #6i7ati#n t# pay #n th% pa&t #$ th% &%sp#nd%nt, th% p%titi#n%&s sh#6d $i&st 5a=% a a6idd%5and that th% &%sp#nd%nt &%$s%d t# pay d%spit% hain7 n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s.Oth%&:is%, th% &%sp#nd%nt c#6d n#t % said t# % 7i6ty #$ any acti#na6% #5issi#n that c#6dsstain th%i& acti#n t# c#66%ct.

N%ith%& did th% ss%D%nt %9ist%nc% #$ n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s a$t%& th% $i6in7 #$ th%c#5p6aint c&% th% 6ac= #$ cas% #$ acti#n in Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10. Th% p%titi#n%&s &i7ht #$acti#n c#6d #n6y sp&in7 $ an %9istin7 cas% #$ acti#n. Ths, a c#5p6aint :h#s% cas% #$acti#n has n#t y%t acc&%d cann#t % c&%d y an a5%nd%d #& spp6%5%nta6 p6%adin7 a66%7in7th% %9ist%nc% #& acc&a6 #$ a cas% #$ acti#n d&in7 th% p%nd%ncy #$ th% acti#n.?>1@ F#&, #n6y:h%n th%&% is an inasi#n #$ p&i5a&y &i7hts, n#t %$#&%, d#%s th% ad%cti% #& &%5%dia6 6a:%c#5% #p%&ati%.?>/@ V%&i6y, a p&%5at&% in#cati#n #$ th% c#&ts int%&%nti#n &%nd%&s th%c#5p6aint :ith#t a cas% #$ acti#n and dis5issi6% #n sch 7nd.?>2@ In sh#&t, Cii6 Cas% N#.1/'10, %in7 a 7nd6%ss sit, sh#6d % dis5iss%d.E%n th% $act that th% &%sp#nd%nt a6&%ady had n&%st&ict%d &%tain%d %a&nin7s 5#&% thans$$ici%nt t# c#%& th% p%titi#n%&s c6ai5s #n n% 2, 2112 (:h%n th%y $i6%d th%i& 5#ti#n $#&

pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt) did n#t &%cti$y th% as%nc% #$ th% cas% #$ acti#n at th% ti5% #$ th%c#55%nc%5%nt #$ Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10. Th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt, %in7 a5%&% app6icati#n $#& &%6i%$ #th%& than y a p6%adin7,?>>@ :as n#t th% sa5% as th% c#5p6aint inCii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10. Th%&%y, th% p%titi#n%&s did n#t 5%%t th% &%Di&%5%nt #$ th% R6%s #$C#&t that a cas% #$ acti#n 5st %9ist at th% c#55%nc%5%nt #$ an acti#n, :hich is c#55%nc%dy th% $i6in7 #$ th% #&i7ina6 c#5p6aint in c#&t.?>;@Th% p%titi#n%&s c6ai5 that th% &%sp#nd%nts p%titi#n $#& c%&ti#&a&i s#7ht #n6y th% ann65%nt #$ th%assai6%d #&d%&s #$ th% RTC (i.%., 7&antin7 th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%nt and th%5#ti#n $#& i55%diat% %9%cti#n) h%nc%, th% CA had n# &i7ht t# di&%ct th% dis5issa6 #$ Cii6 Cas%N#. 1/'10.Th% c6ai5 #$ th% p%titi#n%&s cann#t stand.

A6th#7h th% &%sp#nd%nts p%titi#n $#& c%&ti#&a&i ta&7%t%d #n6y th% RTCs #&d%&s 7&antin7 th%5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y d75%ntand th% 5#ti#n $#& i55%diat% %9%cti#n, th% CAs di&%cti%$#& th% dis5issa6 #$ Cii6 Cas% N#. 1/'10 :as n#t an as% #$ disc&%ti#n, 6%ast #$ a66 7&a%,%cas% sch dis5issa6 :as th% #n6y pp%& thin7 t# % d#n% nd%& th% ci&c5stanc%s.

Acc#&din7 t#S&i7a# Min% E9p6#&ati#n C#., Inc. . *a&&is4?>

7/25/2019 case #1-4

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"ast6y, th% p%titi#n%&s a&7% that th% &%sp#nd%nts &%c#&s% #$ a sp%cia6 acti#n $#& c%&ti#&a&i :asth% :n7 &%5%dy, in i%: #$ th% $act that th% 7&antin7 #$ th% 5#ti#n $#& pa&tia6 s55a&y

d75%nt c#nstitt%d #n6y an %&& #$ 6a: c#&&%cti6% y app%a6, n#t #$ &isdicti#n.Th% a&75%nt #$ th% p%titi#n%&s is as%6%ss. Th% RTC :as 7i6ty #$ an %&& #$ &isdicti#n, $#& it%9c%%d%d its &isdicti#n y ta=in7 c#7niBanc% #$ th% c#5p6aint that :as n#t as%d #n an

%9istin7 cas% #$ acti#n.W*EREFORE, th% p%titi#n $#& &%i%: #n c%&ti#&a&i is d%ni%d $#& 6ac= #$ 5%&it.W% a$$i&5 th% d%cisi#n pat%d #n Ma&ch ;, 211> in C.A.'G.R. S N#. 8;/