Cartography GEO381/550

CartographyCartographyGEO381/550GEO381/550

Final ReviewFinal Review

December, 2December, 2ndnd 2004 2004

Choropleth mapChoropleth map

How it works?How it works?

When to use; when not to use?When to use; when not to use?– PhenomenonPhenomenon– DataData

Limitation? Solution to this?Limitation? Solution to this?

Sample question…Sample question…

Which of the following data is the Which of the following data is the most suitable for choropleth most suitable for choropleth mapping?mapping?– Temperature records at stationsTemperature records at stations– Number of hospital beds by countyNumber of hospital beds by county– Average SAT scores by school districtAverage SAT scores by school district– Total population by census tractTotal population by census tract

Explain why…Explain why…

Proportional symbol Proportional symbol mapmap How it works?How it works?

When to use; when not to use?When to use; when not to use?

What is perceptual (apparent) What is perceptual (apparent) scaling?scaling?

What is range grading?What is range grading?


Suppose we have two values, 6400 Suppose we have two values, 6400 and 1600, that are to be symbolized and 1600, that are to be symbolized and scaled by proportional circles. The and scaled by proportional circles. The ratio of radius of proportional circles ratio of radius of proportional circles that represent two values would be 2:1 that represent two values would be 2:1 when absolute scaling is adopted. when absolute scaling is adopted. What would happen to x in the ratio, What would happen to x in the ratio, say x:1 when perceptual scaling is say x:1 when perceptual scaling is adopted? adopted?

(a)(a) x will become larger than 2x will become larger than 2(b)(b) x will become smaller than 2 x will become smaller than 2


Suppose you have two maps in hand, Suppose you have two maps in hand, whose maps have legends shown whose maps have legends shown below. From the legends, discuss (1) below. From the legends, discuss (1) data classification (2) the location of data classification (2) the location of point symbols of respective map.point symbols of respective map.

Dot density mapDot density map


When to use; when not to use?When to use; when not to use?

Advantage & disadvantage?Advantage & disadvantage?

Sample questionSample question……

Data notData not suitable for dot density suitable for dot density map?map?– NNumber of farmsumber of farms– Total populationTotal population– Property tax rateProperty tax rate– Number of AIDS casesNumber of AIDS cases


Suppose you are asked to make a dot Suppose you are asked to make a dot density map of corn acreage data density map of corn acreage data which is enumerated by state. When which is enumerated by state. When mapped in ArcView, it didn’t turn out mapped in ArcView, it didn’t turn out very well. What would you do in order very well. What would you do in order to improve the quality of map, in to improve the quality of map, in particular locational accuracy? particular locational accuracy?

CartogramCartogram


In which way, cartogram is In which way, cartogram is fundamentally different from fundamentally different from other mapping techniques?other mapping techniques?

Advantage & disadvantage?Advantage & disadvantage?


In which of the following situations, In which of the following situations, would you consider cartogram to would you consider cartogram to be an ideal choice?be an ideal choice?– Map readers are not familiar with Map readers are not familiar with

areasareas– Data value is relatively proportional to Data value is relatively proportional to

the size of enumeration unitthe size of enumeration unit– The more value is concentrated in the The more value is concentrated in the

small enumeration unitsmall enumeration unit– Reference mapReference map


Which of the four geometric Which of the four geometric elements of enumeration units elements of enumeration units should be most strictly should be most strictly preserved?preserved?– SizeSize– ContiguityContiguity– ShapeShape– Orientation (relative location, order)Orientation (relative location, order)

Role (function) of map Role (function) of map

Map visualization (visual thinking)Map visualization (visual thinking) Map communication (visual Map communication (visual

communication)communication)


Suppose you are involved in two Suppose you are involved in two different projects: One is to map different projects: One is to map 2000 Census (say spatial 2000 Census (say spatial distribution of racial group), and the distribution of racial group), and the other is to map the volcanic process other is to map the volcanic process of Mt. Helena. Discuss the roles of of Mt. Helena. Discuss the roles of two maps. How would different roles two maps. How would different roles of maps affect the cartographic of maps affect the cartographic process?process?

Visual hierarchyVisual hierarchy

What is?What is?

What is the psychological What is the psychological phenomenon underlying visual phenomenon underlying visual hierarchy?hierarchy?

How to achieve visual hierarchy?How to achieve visual hierarchy?

ColorColor

Spectral reflectance curve?Spectral reflectance curve? Three psychological dimensions?Three psychological dimensions? Munsell color solid?Munsell color solid? Color primaries for display in Color primaries for display in

computer screen?computer screen? Map design implications of Map design implications of

simultaneous/successive contrast?simultaneous/successive contrast?

ColorColor

How to promote efficient decoding How to promote efficient decoding of color?of color?

Brewer color schemataBrewer color schemata– When you have population density When you have population density

datadata– When you have historical economic When you have historical economic

data (increase, decrease)data (increase, decrease)– When you have bivariate historical When you have bivariate historical

economic data economic data


Discuss how Discuss how color is used color is used to promote to promote visual visual hierarchy in hierarchy in this mapthis map


Discuss Discuss color as color as visual visual variables in variables in this mapthis map


How does How does hypsometric tint hypsometric tint make the use of make the use of physical dimension of physical dimension of color (hue)?color (hue)?

Illustrate how color Illustrate how color convention conflicts convention conflicts with symbolical with symbolical connotation of color connotation of color from this map. from this map.

TypographTypographyy TTypeface classificationypeface classification

Black Letter

Oldstyle

OldstyleModern

Modern

Square serif

Sans serif

Sans serif

Pay attention to serif and shading

Black Letter

Oldstyle

Modern

Sans serif

Sample questionSample question….….

Suppose you have to label two distinct Suppose you have to label two distinct features, say retail superstores, and features, say retail superstores, and castles in the greater London area. castles in the greater London area. Which of the following pairs do you Which of the following pairs do you find the most appropriate match find the most appropriate match respectively? respectively? A B

C D

Discuss the use of type form Discuss the use of type form (italics, spacing, case) in this (italics, spacing, case) in this mapmap

FinalFinal

December 13December 13thth Monday Monday Here at 7:00-9:00 pmHere at 7:00-9:00 pm RemeRememmber that extra point will be ber that extra point will be

given to those who make a given to those who make a significantsignificant progress relative to progress relative to midtermmidterm

Final project presentationFinal project presentation– Dec 7 and 9Dec 7 and 9– Attendance will be takenAttendance will be taken

Documents

Cartography GEO381/550