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China � 71
Cartographer’s Corner China
Map
Key
Chi
na
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72 � China
Exploration LogChina1. Map: Label the compass rose. Fill in the map key as you work.
2. Map: Label the countries that border China:
North Korea Vietnam Myanmar Laos
India Kazakhstan Nepal Bhutan
Pakistan Afghanistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan
Mongolia Russia Taiwan
3. Map: Label the major bodies of water that border China. Yellow Sea South China Sea Pacifi c Ocean
4. In the rectangle below, color the fl ag of China.
Introduction5. Map: What is the capital of China? ____________________________________ Label it with a star.
6. Map: Label these other major cities with the symbol. Shanghai Tianjin
7. China has the most ____________________________________ of any country in the world.
people mountains beaches cars
8. Where could the name “China” possibly have come from? _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Which industry has always been the chief economic activity in China?
agriculture mining tourism military
10. How many years did dynasties rule China?
exactly 100 around 1,000 less than 1,999 more than 2,000
11. List two changes that Communism brought to China.
a. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
c. How did this change in the late 1900s? _______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Compass Rose
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China � 73
Government12. Use the “China in Brief” link to help you fi ll in the style of government used in China on the Government Chart.
13. Challenge: What are court decisions based on in China? __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
People Population
14. Use the “China in Brief” link to help you graph the population of China on the Census Chart.
15. Where do most of China’s people live?
coastal towns large cities large houses rural villages and small towns
16. List two ways the Chinese government controls marriage.
a. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Languages
17. Match each Chinese dialect to the area of the country where it is spoken.
Min Guangdong
Wu Shanghai
Yue or Cantonese Beijing
Mandrin or Putonghua Fujian province
18. Circle the correct word or phrases to make the sentence true.
Although each dialect of Chinese has its own writing style or pronunciation, all Chinese speakers
write or speak Chinese in a similar way.
Way of lifeFamily Life
19. For thousands of years, the Chinese people practiced loyalty to _________________, obedience to _______________
and reverence to ________________________.
20. How did Communists try to change traditional family loyalty in the mid-1900s? _______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
21. Name two ways the Communist government wants women to participate in society outside of the home.
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
22. According to Chinese tradition, which type of offspring was valued more?
daughters sons
23. Challenge: Traditionally, the person considered the head of the family was the _______________________________.
This type of leadership is called patriarchal or matriarchal.
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74 � China
Rural Life
24. How were rural areas reorganized after the Communists took over? _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Could families working in a collective sell everything they grew for personal profi t? Please elaborate. ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
26. Describe a production contract. What rules does it defi ne? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
City Life
27. Map: Label the following cities that have one million or more residents with the symbol.
Harbin Suzhou Lanzhou
Guangzhou Chengdu
28. Name two organizations responsible for building large apartment complexes to house workers.
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
29. Residents’ committees supervise:
subways day-care centers youth activities keeping crime rates in cities low
neighborhood clean-up evening classes swimming facilities settling disputes
30. How many wage earners do most households have? 1 2 3 4
Food
31. The primary foods in China are:
grains proteins dairy foods sweets
32. The two main Chinese eating utensils are ____________________________ and ______________________________ .
Clothing
33. Which of these groups might wear special costumes and headgear?
religious groups school children ethnic groups factory workers
Health Care
34. What two medical theories does Chinese medicine combine?___________________ and _______________________
35. On what is traditional medicine based?
herbs penicillin psychotherapy diet
rest nutrition acupuncture
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China � 75
36. Describe the treatment called acupuncture. Answer in a complete sentence. _________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
37. Challenge: In the past, why were rural doctors nicknamed “barefoot doctors”? What tasks did they perform? _______
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
38. What happened to the price of medical care after the government quit paying for it? __________________________
Religion
39. Select the most popular traditional religions for China on the Religion Chart. Shade them blue. What is the current
view on religion? Shade it red.
40. Briefl y explain the key beliefs and practices of the three religions below.
Confucianism: Founded by?_____________________ Who was he? ____________________When started?_________
Key beliefs:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Taoism: When started?___________________ Key beliefs:_________________________________________________
Buddhism: Came to China from where?_____________________________ When arrived in China?________________
Key beliefs:_______________________________________________________________________________________
41. How does the Chinese government regard religion? What did the Communists expect to replace it? ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Education
42. Give two reasons why the Chinese have always valued education.
a. ______________________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________________
The Arts43. What did Communists require of art between 1949 and the late 1970s?______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Music
44. Why does Chinese music sound different than Western-style music? _________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
45. Challenge: What is a scale consisting of fi ve notes called in musical terms?
an octave a quartet a pentatonic
46. Which is more important in Chinese music? melody line harmony line
The Land47. Map: Label the following regions: Challenge: Manchuria Tibet
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76 � China
48. Map: Label the following rivers.
Huang He River Yangtze River
49. Map: Use the mountain symbol to label the Himalayan Mountains.
50. Map Challenge: Label Mount Everest with the mountain symbol.
51. Map: Label: Gobi Desert
52. China is the _________________ largest country in the world. Circle your answer.
2nd 3rd 4th 5th
What countries are larger? ___________________________________________________________________________
53. Complete the Fact Card below.
Highest Mountain in the World
Name _________________________________________________________
Elevation ______________________________________________________
Mountain range _________________________________________________
In which countries 1.______________________ 2._____________________
54. Map: Draw the Fertile Triangle in green on your map. Which three cities create the corners? Label them.
a. __________________________________________ b. __________________________________________
c. __________________________________________
55. Which region is home to the best farmland and the largest cities? __________________________________________
56. What is the main crop of the North China Plain? _________________________________________
57. Which Chinese river earned the name “China’s Sorrow”? Why? ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
58. Which river has historically been China’s major trade route? _______________________________________________
Climate59. Map: Label these cities that have one million or more residents with the symbol.
Shenyang Wuhan
Map Challenge: Shade the following regions.
Xinjiang Inner Mongolia
60. Name the areas in China in which the most severe weather occurs?
1._______________________________________________ 2.______________________________________________
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China � 77
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
61. Shade the calendar tabs below to show which months of the year are the rainiest in China.
62. What causes these months to have more precipitation? ___________________________________________________
Economy63. Use the chart below to help you describe China’s economic profi le. Circle one choice in each row.
The economy in China...
a. has been controlled by the market. or the government.
b.Recent economic
reforms led toless governmental control over
business.or
more government control over business.
c.To spur growth, there are now
more government-owned businesses,
ormore privately-owned
businesses,
d. resulting in signifi cant economic growth. or little economic change.
Communication
64. Look up “propaganda” in your World Book dictionary. Write the defi nition below, then write a defi nition for “political
propaganda” in your own words.
Propaganda, noun. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Political Propaganda: _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
65. How did the Chinese people express their opinions when they could not via the radio, television, or newspapers?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
66. What happened in 1979 regarding these posters? _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
67. Challenge: Which amendment to the United States Constitution would such a law violate?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
History68. Map: Label with the symbol. Xi’an
69. Who was the fi rst historian to write a major history of China? Circle one.
Kim Lee Chiang Kai-shek Watchman Nee Sima Qian
When did he write it? 1200 B.C. 500 B.C. 100 B.C. A.D. 300
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78 � China
The First Dynasties
70. Which culture is considered the fi rst Chinese dynasty? ____________________________________________________
71. During which dynasty did Confucius change the nation’s focus from religion to philosophy?
Shang Zhou Qin
72. What two philosophies held the Chinese empire together during its more than 2,000-year history?
a. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________________________
The Qin Dynasty
73. Map Challenge: Label the Great Wall of China.
74. How long is the Great Wall of China? ________________________
75. Why was it constructed?_____________________________________________________________________________
76. During which dynasty did Confucianism become the basis of government? __________________________________
The Song Dynasty
77. Which three beliefs did Neo-Confucianism combine?
a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________
c. _______________________________________
Clash with the Western Powers
78. Map: Use the seaport symbol to label the one seaport that was open to foreign trade prior to 1800. Write the name
here. _____________________________
79. Map: Label Hong Kong with the symbol.
80. Name the two main exports to the West in the 1800s:
a. _______________________________________ b. _______________________________________
81. What did Europeans begin to smuggle into China in the early 1800s? Why?___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
82. What war did this smuggling cause between the United Kingdom and China? ________________________________
Dates: ______________________________________
83. What treaty ended the confl ict? ______________________________________________________________________
84. Treaties that granted Western countries special privileges were called _______________________________________
by the Chinese.
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China � 79
85. List two powers granted to foreign nations by 1860.
a. ___________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________
The Taiping Rebellion
86. Why did outside nations want the Qing dynasty to remain intact (despite rebel uprisings)? ______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Open-Door Policy
87. What kept foreign powers from dividing China into colonies in the late 1800s? ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
88. What rights did the Open-Door Policy guarantee? _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The Boxer Rebellion
89. Why did the Boxer Rebellion occur? ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
90. Name two things the Manchus did to try to save the Qing dynasty (early 1900s).
a. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________________________________________
The Fall of the Manchus
91. What type of government replaced the Manchu dynasty?
monarchy republic democracy dynasty
The Early Republic
92. Who became president of the new republic in 1912?
Pu Yi Sun Yat-Sen Kim Su Yuan
93. Challenge: Did China successfully become a republic? Why or why not? _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
The War Lord Period
94. How did the May Fourth Movement impact the country? __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
95. What nation helped Communism to grow in China? ______________________________________________________
96. Order the types of government according to when each was in power in China’s history.
____republic ____dynasty ____war lords ____nationalist/dictatorship ____Communist
Nationalist Rule
97. What was China’s Long March and why did it happen? ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
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80 � China
The Beginning of Communist Rule
98. Why was the farmland redistribution in the 1950s a negative experience?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
99. In China’s First Five-Year Plan, what two areas of the nation’s economy did the government begin to control?
a. ____________________________________________ b. _____________________________________________
The Great Leap Forward
100. What did the Great Leap Forward hope to accomplish? __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
101. Name one thing the Great Leap Forward asked of laborers. _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
102. How did the Great Leap Forward affect China’s economy? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Break with the Soviet Union
103. Why did China break with the U.S.S.R. in the 1960s? _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Cultural Revolution
104. Who were the Red Guards? _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
105. Challenge: On a separate sheet of paper, compose a newspaper article reporting on one of the following issues. In
addition to answering the “Who? What? Where? When? Why? and How?” questions news articles typically address,
your article should also include answers to the questions listed after the topic you select.
a. The Cultural Revolution: Describe the issues surrounding the Cultural Revolution. Who was the leader respon-
sible for the Revolution? How many people died? What effects did the Revolution have on the country?
b. Tiananmen Square Massacre: What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre? Why did it happen? How could the
events in the same place in 1999 be considered an echo of the events that transpired 10 years earlier? (In both
events, protestors’ demonstrations produced negative responses from the government.) To view a fascinating
website on events surrounding Tiananmen Square, visit www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword “Tiananmen
Square”).
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China � 81
Journey Jots ChinaIn
tro
du
ctio
nThe Chinese call their country...
which means...
Why do they call their country this?
Chinese Inventions
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. __________________________________________
Intr
od
uct
ion
Go
vern
men
t
Two facts about the Chinese Communist Party
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
Fill in the portion on the globe below that represents the total world population living in
China
Peo
ple
Nat
ion
alit
ies
Chinese Majority Nationality Group
Minority Groups in China
Modern Conveniences in Rural Homes
Most Homes Some Homes
Ru
ral L
ife
Ru
ral L
ife
Recreation in Rural Areas Wages in Chinese cities are
___ Higher ___ Lower
...than those in Western countries. Cit
y Li
fe
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
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82 � China
Cit
y Li
feModern Conveniences in Urban (City) Homes Recreation in Cities
Cit
y Li
fe
Foo
d
Foods
1. __________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
Favorite Beverage
_______________________________________
Challenge: Draw one traditional costume from China’s past.
Clo
thin
g
The
Art
s
Draw or list at least two types of Chinese art. List three fun facts about Chinese architecture.
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
Arc
hit
ectu
re
Co
mm
un
icat
ion
Two interesting facts about communication in China
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
Types of Chinese Musical Instruments
Qin: ________________________________________
Sheng: _____________________________________
Pipa: _______________________________________
Xiao and Di: _________________________________
Mu
sic
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
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China � 83
Monumental Moments China Match each event to the correct date by writing the letter on the line, or by fi lling in the correct date.
4000 B.C. 1. _____ a. Grand Canal links Yangtze Valley to northern China.
1700s B.C. 2. _____ b. The Cultural Revolution.
221-206 B.C. 3. _____ c. Major change in Chinese writing. The number of strokes in each character is reduced.
206 B.C.- A.D. 220 4. _____ d. Yuan becomes president of Republic.
610 5. _____ e. The Shang dynasty arises from Longshan culture.
960-1127 6. _____ f. China’s Long March.
1200s 7. _____ g. Last Emperor Pu Yi gives up throne of China.
1839 8. _____ h. Great Wall of China built during the Qin dynasty.
1850-1864 9. _____ i. Open-Door Policy signed.
1899 10. _____ j. Communist rule begins.
1900 11. _____ k. Han dynasty’s government style based on the beliefs of Confucius.
February 12, 1912 12. _____ l. Taiping Rebellion seeks equal division of land among the people.
March 10, 1912 13. _____ m. Boxer Rebellion.
1934 14. _____ n. Mao Zedong dies.
1949 15. _____ o. Opium War.
1950s 16. _____ p. Neo-Confucianism is born during the Song dynasty.
1966 17. _____ q. Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongols, establishes the Yuan dynasty.
1976 18. _____ r. Chinese pottery and jade already show skill and artistic refi nement.
1989 19. _____ s. Tiananmen Square Massacre.
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84 � China
China The Rise of Communism
Read the section on modern China on your CD-ROM from The War Lord Period through the end of Civil War. Then use
the blanks below to retell the story of how Communism began in China.
Word Bank
The Communist Party began in China around 1919 as small student groups in Beijing and 1. ___________________ ,
and gained strength through the guidance of 2. ___________________ advisors who came to China to help the Nation-
alist Party gain control over 3. ___________________ lords in the north. Persuaded by their advisors, the Communists
joined the 4. ___________________________ to defeat the war lords, but in 1927 the Nationalists turned against the
Communists. Communist leaders fl ed to the hills in 5. ___________________________ . The Nationalists captured
6. ________________________ and reunited China under one government.
By 1931, however, the Communists had set up a rival government in southern and 7. ___________________ China.
Disagreeing with this separate government, Nationalist leader 8. ____________________________________ sent armies
to force the Communists to march over 9. ___________________ miles to the north in the famous 10. ________________
___________ . Along the way, 11. ____________________________________ became leader of the Communist Party.
Meanwhile, Japan began to seize Chinese territory in 12. ___________________________ and other parts of North-
ern China. Distracted by the Communists, Chiang began to agree to many 13. ___________________________ demands,
hoping to avoid war with Japan until the confl ict with the 14. ___________________________ had ended. However, the
Manchurian troops who were blockading the Communist territories in the 15. ___________________________ grew
upset with Chiang’s decisions. They fi nally kidnapped him and held him hostage until he agreed to end the civil war with
the Communists and fi ght against the Japanese invaders.
The war with Japan did not go well, and even though the 16. ___________________________ gave aid to China dur-
ing World War 17. ______ , the wars used up many of China’s resources and caused severe 18. _______________________.
China’s people grew frustrated with the Nationalist Party.
The Communists, on the other hand, used the war with Japan for their own political and military expansion. They
began a social 19. ___________________________ and gained the support of the people in the countryside by redistrib-
uting 20. _________________ they occupied to the peasants.
In 1946, after World War II had ended, the United States sent General George 21. ___________________________ to
China to try to help the Communists and the Nationalists resolve their differences. However, neither side could agree and
22. _________________ war soon began again.
In the end, not only did the Communists prove to be better fi ghters, but their 23. _________________ revolution
helped to turn the people against 24. ___________________________ . On October 1, 1949, after driving the Nationalists
to 25. _________________ China, Mao Zedong proclaimed Beijing part of the 26. _________________________________
___________________ . The reign of Communism had begun.
Alliesother major citiesSoviet revolutionIIJiangxiNationalism
JapaneseMarshallLong March6,000socialcivilland
ManchuriaNationalistscentralsouthernnorthwestCommunistswar
Beijinginfl ationChiang Kai-shekPeople’s Republic of ChinaMao Zedong
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China � 85
Local Lingo ChinaFollow the directions below.
Politburo cadres militia
1. a. Shade the box of the word that refers to the bureau responsible for setting guidelines for the Communist Party.
b. Write a “1” by the upper level of the Communist Party and a “2” by the lower level.
c. Circle the term referring to the citizen’s army.
2. Use the terms in the box to complete the paragraph.
When the Communists took control of China, they organized the agricultural community into ____________
___________________________, which were large groups of peasants who owned land, tools, work animals, and
workshops together. The highest level of this system, the ____________________________, administered economic
activity for groups of 5,000 families. Smaller groups called _________________________________ were divided into
__________________________ that performed day-to-day farm work.
Write the letter of the correct defi nition next to each term.
3. _____ tofu a. schools with the best facilities for gifted students
4. _____ pagoda b. fi ne writing
5. _____ calligraphy c. multi-storied towers
6. _____ key schools d. common language
7. _____ Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo e. People’s Republic of China
8. _____ Putonghua f. soybean curd
9. _____ Cathay g. Nationalist Party that ruled the republic in the early 1900s
10.____ Kuomintang h. Marco Polo’s name for China
Write the correct word for each defi nition. Use the scrambled letters to help you.
11. seols _____________________________ a fertile yellowish land
12. racreted __________________________ leveled strips of land cut out of the hillside
13. shanicu ___________________________ the four streams that fl ow into the Yangtze River
production teams collective ownership systems commune production brigades
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86 � China
Dynasty PagesChina
Qin
(ch
ihn
or c
h’in
)
Zh
ou
(joh
or c
ho
u)
Shan
g
(sh
ahn
g)
Dyn
asty
:
Dir
ecti
on
s: F
ill in
th
e m
issi
ng
info
rmat
ion
ab
ou
t ea
ch d
ynas
ty b
elo
w.
221
B.C
.- a.
____
____
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
b. _
____
____
___
1045
-256
B.C
.
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
a. _
____
____
___
176
6s-1
045
B.C
.
Ap
pro
xim
ate
nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
700
Dat
e:
• fi r
st e
mp
ire
con
tro
lled
by
a st
ron
g
c.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
List
th
ree
valu
es o
f Leg
alis
m.
d.
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
e. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
f. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
Had
hig
h o
r low
tax
es?
g. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
• dir
ectl
y co
ntr
olle
d o
nly
th
e
b. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
par
t o
f th
eir t
erri
tory
• gav
e so
me
auth
ori
ty to
c. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Ch
ina
bec
ame
a h
igh
ly d
evel
op
ed
soci
ety
gov
ern
ed b
y a
fam
ily c
lass
of a
rist
ocr
ats.
Ch
arac
teri
stic
s:
• set
sta
nd
ard
s fo
r:
h.
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
i. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
j. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
• co
nst
ruct
ed t
he
k. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_.
A p
hilo
sop
her
nam
ed
d._
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
chan
ges
co
un
try’
s fo
cus
fro
m
e.__
____
____
____
____
____
_ to
mo
ral s
tan
dar
ds
aro
un
d f
.___
____
B.C
.
• old
est
wri
tten
reco
rds
are
fro
m
this
dyn
asty
; dev
elo
ped
fi rs
t
wri
t-
ing
sys
tem
; mag
nifi
cen
t b
ron
ze
vess
els;
dev
elo
ped
h
ors
e d
raw
n
war
ch
ario
ts
Acc
om
plis
hm
ents
:
Hig
h l.
____
____
____
___
and
har
sh e
nfo
rcem
ent
of
m._
____
____
____
___
lead
s to
n._
____
____
____
____
__.
The
cen
tral
gov
ern
men
t
bec
ame
wea
k b
ecau
se
g.__
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
.
Fin
ally
, th
e h
.___
____
____
___
stat
e d
efea
ted
all
its
riva
ls a
nd
rose
to p
ower
.
• ove
rth
row
n b
y th
e Z
ho
u
lead
ers
Rea
son
for
do
wn
fall:
Qin DynastyThe First DynastiesThe First Dynasties
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China � 87
Sui
(sw
ay)
“Six
Dyn
asti
es”
Xin
(zin
)
Han
(hah
n)
Dyn
asty
:
a. A
.D._
____
-___
_
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er:
b. _
____
____
____
a. A
.D.2
22-_
____
_
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs t
hat
pas
sed
:
b.__
____
____
___
A.D
. 9-2
5
202
B.C
.-A.D
.220
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
a.__
____
____
__
Dat
e:
Maj
or d
iffer
ence
fro
m t
he
pre
vio
us
“dyn
asty
”:
c. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
• lo
cate
d in
:
c. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
• ru
led
by
no
n-C
hin
ese
dyn
asti
es.
Wan
g M
ang
sei
zes
the
thro
ne,
how
ever
a. _
____
____
____
____
_ d
ynas
ty re
gai
ns
con
tro
l of C
hin
a.
b.__
____
____
____
____
___
bec
om
es
the
bas
is o
f gov
ern
men
t.
c.__
____
____
____
____
___
hel
d m
ost
imp
ort
ant
stat
e o
ffi c
es, b
ut
d._
____
____
____
____
____
___
bec
om
e im
po
rtan
t fo
r th
e fi r
st t
ime
wh
en s
elec
tin
g s
tate
offi
cia
ls.
Ch
arac
teri
stic
s:
Maj
or e
ng
inee
rin
g a
cco
mp
lish
men
t:
d._
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Why
bu
ilt?
e.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Relig
ion
:
d. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
spre
ads
and
infl u
ence
s al
l asp
ects
of
life.
Two
typ
es o
f wri
tin
gs
pro
du
ced
:
e. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
f. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Relig
ion
:
g. _
____
____
____
____
is in
tro
du
ced
fro
m In
dia
.Acc
om
plis
hm
ents
:
Div
ided
nat
ion
is re
un
ifi ed
by
the
e. _
____
____
____
____
____
.
Two
reas
on
s fo
r dow
nfa
ll:
h.
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
i. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
Led
to:
j.__
____
____
____
____
__
Rea
son
for
do
wn
fall:
The Period of DivisionThe Period of DivisionHan DynastyHan Dynasty
©2005 b
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orp
. All rig
hts reserved
.
88 � China
No
rth
Ch
ina:
No
rth
ern
Inva
der
s
____
____
____
____
____
____
Sou
th C
hin
a:
Sou
ther
n S
on
g
Son
g
(so
on
g)
Tan
g
(tah
ng
)
Dyn
asty
:
A.D
.112
7 -1
279
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
a.__
____
____
___
A.D
.960
-112
7
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
a.__
____
____
___
A.D
.618
-907
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
a.__
____
____
___
Dat
e:
Inva
der
s fr
om
th
e b.
____
____
____
forc
e
the
c.__
____
____
___
dyn
asty
to m
ove
its
cap
ital
to t
he
city
of d
.___
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
.
Stat
e h
ow e
ach
ch
ang
e af
fect
ed t
he
emp
ire.
Civ
il Se
rvic
e ex
amin
atio
ns
b.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Neo
-Co
nfu
cian
ism
c.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
This
dyn
asty
bro
ug
ht
on
an
ag
e o
f:
b.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Ch
arac
teri
stic
s:
Dev
elo
pm
ent
of e
.___
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
___
rice
mea
ns
that
2-3
cro
ps
can
be
gro
wn
in a
yea
r wh
ich
hel
ps
to fe
ed a
gro
win
g p
op
ula
tio
n.
Inve
nti
on
s:
d._
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
e.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Art
:
f.___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
g.__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
Cap
ital
cit
y o
f c._
____
____
____
____
___
had
mo
re t
han
1 m
illio
n p
eop
le.
Gre
ates
t C
hin
ese
po
ets:
d.
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
e. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Ch
ines
e fo
rms
of B
ud
dh
ism
:
f. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
g. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
__
Acc
om
plis
hm
ents
:
• co
nq
uer
ed b
y f._
____
____
____
_
war
rio
rs
h. _
____
____
____
____
__ p
eop
le
freq
uen
tly
atta
ck fr
om
th
e n
ort
h.
Seve
ral r
ebel
lion
s, o
ne
in t
he
year
h._
____
____
_ an
d a
ser
ies
in
i.___
____
____
____
____
____
___,
wea
ken
ed t
he
emp
ire.
The
Tan
g E
mp
ire
was
follo
wed
by
a su
cces
ion
of j
. ___
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
that
str
ug
gle
d fo
r co
ntr
ol.
Rea
son
for
do
wn
fall:
Song DynastySong DynastyTang Dynasty
©20
05 b
y In
qu
isiC
orp
. All
rig
hts
rese
rved
.
China � 89
Qin
g
(kin
g)
(Man
chu
s Ru
le)
Min
g
Mo
ng
ol R
ule
Yuan
Dyn
asty
(yo
o A
HN
)
Dyn
asty
:
a.16
44- A
.D. _
____
_
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
b.__
____
____
___
1368
-164
4
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er:
a.__
____
____
___
a. A
.D. _
____
__-
__
____
_
Nu
mb
er o
f yea
rs in
pow
er
b.__
____
____
___
Dat
e:
Ag
ain
, fo
reig
ner
s ru
le t
he
nat
ion
, bu
t th
is t
ime,
th
e fo
r-
eig
ner
s h
ad a
lrea
dy
c._
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
.
• su
pp
ort
ed d
.___
____
____
____
____
_ p
olit
ical
sys
tem
• ru
lers
cam
e fr
om
bey
on
d e
.___
____
____
____
____
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
Two
fact
s ab
ou
t th
e tr
eatm
ent
of f
ore
ign
ers:
b. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
c. _
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
• har
sh ru
le
Ven
ice
trad
er n
amed
c._
____
____
____
____
____
____
_
spen
ds
a g
reat
am
ou
nt
of t
ime
in t
he
cou
ntr
y an
d
calls
it d
.___
____
____
____
____
____
__.
Ch
arac
teri
stic
s:
Fro
m 1
681-
1796
: Pe
rio
d o
f
stab
ility
an
d
f.___
____
____
____
____
____
.
Ch
ines
e in
fl uen
ce s
pre
ads
to:
g.__
____
____
____
____
____
_
h._
____
____
____
____
____
__
i.___
____
____
____
____
____
_
• nat
ion
en
joys
sta
bili
ty a
nd
pro
sper
ity
• lit
erat
ure
an
d a
rt fl
ou
rish
e. _
____
____
____
___
bec
ame
inte
rest
ed in
Ch
ina.
Acc
om
plis
hm
ents
:
Du
rin
g t
he
1700
s, th
e st
an-
dar
d o
f liv
ing
dec
lined
du
e to
j.___
____
____
____
____
____
_.
In a
dd
itio
n, p
olit
ical
dis
ho
n-
esty
pla
gu
ed Q
ing
ad
min
istr
a-
tio
n, a
nd
fro
m 1
796
to 1
804,
the
peo
ple
k. _
____
____
____
_
____
____
____
____
____
____
_.
d._
____
____
____
____
____
__
peo
ple
inva
de
and
tak
e ov
er.
f.___
____
____
____
____
____
_
cau
sed
g._
____
____
____
____
to d
rive
Mo
ng
ols
ou
t o
f Ch
ina.
Rea
son
for
do
wn
fall:
Early Rule of ManchusMing DynastyMongol Rule
©2005 b
y Inq
uisiC
orp
. All rig
hts reserved
.
90 � China
Choose Your AdventureChina�
1. Make egg rolls with Mom or Dad’s help. You should be a part of this project from start to fi nish—that includes shop-
ping and clean-up! (3 points)
� 2a. Create a Famous Person Card for Confucius. (3 points)
In addition to the Famous Person Card requirements located in the introduction to this guide, your card
should include:
• The years he lived
• Which dynasty ruled during his lifetime?
• Did he have family?
• Basic beliefs
• Three famous Confucian sayings
• Name of the work that is a collection of his sayings and dialog between him and his students
• Province where he was born
• Briefl y explain why he began his teachings
Extra Sources required: Use an encyclopedia or other credible sources!! (There seems to be a lot of variation
in facts on websites.)
Or
�� 2b. Choose 3-5 Confucian sayings, either from the list we provided or from one of the websites listed below. Quote each
one and then briefl y tell what you think is meant by each. (1 point per saying)
For a list of possible internet resources, see www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword “Confucius”).
Note: Some sites may have a link to an annotation of the saying. Your job is to execute as much self control
as possible not to click on these links and write what YOU think your choices mean!
Confucian Writings
All sayings below were taken from www.confucius.org (11/04).
“Without steadfastness, the gentleman would not command respect, and his learning would not be sound. Advocat-
ing loyalty and trustworthiness, he has no friend who is not his equal. He would not hesitate to correct his faults.”
Ch. 1 Vs. 8
“Do not be concerned about others not appreciating you. Be concerned about your not appreciating others.”
Ch. 1 Vs. 16
“To learn and to practice what is learned time and again is pleasure, is it not? To have friends come from afar is happi-
ness, is it not? To be unperturbed when not appreciated by others is gentlemanly, is it not?”
Ch. 1 Vs. 1
“Clever talk and a pretentious manner are seldom compatible with the benevolent.”
Ch. 1 Vs. 3
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hts
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rved
.
China � 91
“In the home, the young should behave with fi lial piety, and out in the world, with brotherly love. They should be
prudent and trustworthy. They should love all people and be close to the benevolent. Having so done, their remain-
ing strength should be used to learn literature.”
Ch. 1 Vs. 6
“Nowadays, to provide for parents is considered fi lial piety. But dogs and horses are so provided. Without respect,
what is the difference?”
Ch. 2 Vs. 7
� 3. Compare the following Confucian saying to James 1:19-27.
“The gentleman is said to be slow in speech and brisk in action.” Ch. 2 Vs. 24
What similarities are there? How are they different? What is the difference in the type of action each suggests we
are to take? Do you think one contains more truth? Which one? Why? Do you think a “gentleman” according to Con-
fucianism would be similar to a “righteous” or “Godly person” according to the Christian faith? Why or why not? How
are they similar or different? (4 points)
��4. Do you think the American ideal of “freedom of religion” exists in China? Give reasons to support your
answer. (3 points)
�� 5. Learn calligraphy! Borrow an instruction book from the library, or purchase one from your local craft store (many
come with pens and/or practice pages!). Practice forming strokes and letters for an agreed-upon amount of time. A
fi nal project may be to copy a passage in your best calligraphy (perhaps some favorite Bible passages?) to accom-
pany a small Fact Card on the history of calligraphy. (You’ll want to focus more on the Chinese history of calligraphy...)
(3 points)
For a list of possible internet resources, see www.sonlight.com/iglinks-5.html (keyword “Calligraphy”):
� 6. Write a Nature Fact Card (or two!) for one of the endangered plants or animals native to China. In addition to the
usual Nature Fact Card requirements, be sure to include how this plant or animal became endangered and what
(if anything) is being done to preserve this species. (Are there any left in the wild? How many?) For more detailed
instructions on Nature Fact Cards, see the Reference Instructions section for Nature Fact Cards in the introduction to
this guide. (2 points per card)
� 7. Compose a song that uses only fi ve notes. (Similar to the scale consisting of fi ve notes used in Chinese music!) If you
have access to a piano, try using only the black keys in your song...other possible musical instruments: fi ve rubber
bands of different sizes stretched over a shoebox, fi ve glasses of water fi lled to different levels—tap gently with a
spoon. (3 points)
���8. Organize a 3-D Chinese Fashion Timeline. Research the attire for at least three periods of Chinese history. Keep in
mind that people at different stations in life probably wore different attire, even in the same time period! Create
©2005 b
y Inq
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orp
. All rig
hts reserved
.
92 � China
3-dimensional representations of at least three outfi ts. (“3-dimensional” means no drawings, paintings, or magazine
cut-outs this time! Use clay, papier-mâché, Legos®, etc.) Then present your timeline to an audience. Your presentation
should include:
• Names and approximate dates of the time periods you selected
• Brief explanation of the outfi ts you constructed, including names of specifi c pieces
• Explanation of the type of person who might have worn each outfi t (male? female? peasant? scholar? upper
class?)
