Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro ...albedotelecom.com/src/lib/PG-Ethernet.pdf · Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro Ethernet te sting, Metro

Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro Ethernet testing, Metro Ethernet installation, Metro Ethernet maintenance, Metro Ethernet commissioning,

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testing

Best-effort

UTP, Fibre

Multipoint

Address learning

VLAN

<50 ms restoration

99,999% availabilityOpticalMAN/WAN

CentralizedSeparated Data/ControlIntegrated

QoSSLA

Event detection

E-LineE-LAN

Fault propagation

Multitechnology

Carrier BER

Low costSingle-ended testOptical integration

Spanning tree

Management Service

Reliability

Architecture

Roll-out

Maintenance

<50 s restoration

Data

VoIPInternetTriple PlayData

Applications

MonitoringService verification

Eth

erne

t

Met

ro E

ther

net

E-Line- Point to point -

- Best-effort or guaranteed QoS -- Optional multiplexing and bundling -

E-LAN - Multipoint to multipoint -

- Best-effort or guaranteed QoS -- Optional multiplexing and bundling -

EV

C t

o U

NI

Re

latio

nsh

ip

Port-Based Service- No Service Multiplexing- Dedicated Bandwidth

Ethernet Private Line (EPL) Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN)

VLAN-Based Service- Service Multiplexing- Shared Bandwidth

Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVPLAN)

EPL

EPL

EPLAN

EPLAN

EVPL

EVPLMUX

EVPLAN

MUX

MUX

Figure 1 Generic Ethernet Service Type (Metro Ethernet Forum)

GbE+RFC2544+Y.1564

ALBEDO Telecom is a manufacturer of test, measurement and monitoring solutions. We supply tools toinstall, troubleshoot and maintain those infrastructures that support voice, video, internet and dataapplications. ALBEDO core expertise range from SyncE, GbE, E1, TDM, Jitter/Wander, QoS, and SLAtechnologies that we have implemented on WAN EMULATORS, Filtering / Aggregation TAPS, hand-heldTESTERS, and MONITORING Systems

Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting,

Figure 2 Bandwidth requirements and time for different applications

Con

nect

ion

time

101 105102 107103 108104 109106 1010

101

105

104

103

102

1 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s

1 min

1 hour

1 day

bit/s

TVHi-fi

IP videoVoIP

Webinar

Data

Backup

Graphics

Internet

TelemetryTransactions

Streaming audio

Figure 3 QoS requirements for different applications

Application Bandwidth Packet Loss (max) Delay (max) Jitter (max)

Video conferencing (H.261) 100 kbit/s 1% 150 ms 30 ms

VoIP 12 ~ 106 kbit/s 1% 150 ms 30 ms

Streaming video (MPEG-4) 0.005 ~ 10 Mbit/s 2% 5000 ms insensitive

Streaming audio (MP3) 32 ~ 320 kbit/s 2% 5000 ms insensitive

Data variable sensitive insensitive insensitive

Figure 4 Frame delay is the sum of the delays on each subnet link traversed by the frame

ME

RxTx

Received

Fra

me

Del

ay

t1: Propagation = distance / Vp

t2: Serialization = bits / Vt

t3: Processing = queuing + switching + others

t1

t2

t3

t´1

t´2

t´3t´´1

t´´2

Fra

me

First bit

Frame Delay = Σt1+Σt2+Σt3

Fra

me

switch

Ready

Last bit

Delays:

Frame


Ethertype TCI

Q-in-Q VLAN Stacking

Ethertype TCI

6

DA

6

SA

2

T/L Data

2 2bytes 2 2

Stacked VLAN tag

Ethertype TCI

6

DA

6

SA

2

T/L Data

bytes 2 2

Stacked MAC addresses

MAC Address Stacking

DA SA

6 6

Figure 5 Ethernet framings for Carrier Class Ethernet

Ethertype TCI

7

Pre

1

SFD

6

DA

6

SA

2

T/L

-

Data

-

Pad

4

FCS

2 2

3 12

VLAN-ID

1

CFI802.1p

bytes

bits

802.1p: Priority bitsCFI: Canonical format indicatorVLAN-ID: VLAN identification tag

Ethertype: Must be 0 x 8100 for a 802.1Q/p tagTCI: Tag control information field

IEEE 802.1Q/p

4bits

IPV IHL Length Id Flg Offset TTL Prot Chk SIP DIP Opt Pad Data

4 8 16 16 3 13 8 8 16 32 32 - - -

3 1bits 4

2

CU

6

DSCP

bits

IPV: The IP protocol versionIHL: IP header length in 32-bit wordsLength: Total packet lengthId: Identifier to reassemble fragmented packets

Offset: Fragmentation offsetTTL: Time to live

Prot: Protocol used in the data portionChk: Header ckecksumSIP: Source IP address

Flg: Fragmentation flagsDIP: Destination IP addressOpt: Options, variable lengthPad: Padding, fills out the 32-bit wordsData: Data, variable length, up to 65 535 header bytes

DSCP: Differentiated service code pointsCU: Currently unused

Binary Meaning

1000 Minimize delay0100 Maximize throughput0010 Maximize reliability0001 Minimize monetary cost0000 Normal service

Precedence ToS MBZ

IPv4 Datagram

Precedence: Priority assigned to the packetToS: Type of serviceMBZ: Must be zero

Figure 6 Traffic marking


DROP

ADMIT

ADMIT

DROP

CIR

EIR

trTCM algorithm

EBS

CBS

CIR: Committed Information RateCBS: Committed Burst SizeEIR: Excess Information RateEBS: Excess Burst Size

Sent with guaranteed QoS

sent without guaranteed QoS

Yellowtokens

Marked traffic

Carrier ClassEthernet

Figure 7 Admission control

Recommended DSCPs class 1 class 2 class 3 class 4Low drop precedence 001010 (AF11) 010010 AF(21) 011010 (AF31) 100010 (AF41)

Medium drop precedence 001100 (AF12) 010100 AF(22) 011100 (AF32) 100100 (AF42)High drop precedence 001110 (AF13) 010110 AF(23) 011110 (AF33) 100110 (AF43)

AF PHB Provides 4 independent traffic classes with 3 subclasses, each with specific drop precedence

Provides guaranteed rate with controlled packet loss, delay and jitterEF PHB

PCoS

DROP

Priority H

Priority L

ACCEPT

Priorityscheduler

Discriminator

Tokens

Configured rateR

EF traffic

Non-EF traffic

WFQCoS

Rate R

Rate B-R

WFQscheduler

Discriminator

EF traffic

Non-EF traffic

1 Implementation based on a priority scheduler 2 Implementation based on a WFQ scheduler

WFQCoS

R1

WFQschedulerDiscriminator

Class 1WRED

WRED

WRED

WRED

R2

R3

R4

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Implementation based on a WFQ scheduler and WRED congestion control and avoidance in every queue1

The WFQ scheduler allows to sharethe link fairly between the fourclasses with configured rates R1,R2, R3 and R4

The WRED packet dropping policerstarts dropping AFx3 first, AFx2second and AFx1 last whencongestion is experienced

Figure 8 Differentiated services architecture


Giga Switch

Switch

CWDM / DWDM

OADM

Dark Fibre

SDH

NG-SDH

MSPP

switch

Ethernet

λ1

λn

TDM

Dark Fiber

NG-SDH/LAPS

Ethernet

ADM

SAN MSPP

switch

Ethernet

TDM

SAN

Router

CWDM/DWDM

SDH or WDM

(O)ADMWIS (10Gbit/s)

SDH/PDH

ADM

ADM

Router

FR/ATM/Leased Line

E1/E3/STM-1

ATM / FR

E1/E3/STM-1

ATM / FR

Ethernet Ethernet

POS

LAN

LAN

SDH

POS

IPIPIP IPIP IP

Ethernet PHY

Ethernet MAC

10GbE PHY

Ethernet MACMPLS

Dark Fiber WIS

WDM

Ethernet MAC

WDM

SDH / SONET

Adaptation

MPLS

Ethernet MAC

Figure 9 Carrier Ethernet topologies and protocol towers

PDH / SDH

FR / ATM / PPP

FR / ATM / Line(not Ethernet!)

SDH / SONET

Ethernet MAC

Adaptation

LAPS / NG SDH

Ethernet PHY

(SDH framing)

WIS


MPLS

LER: Label Edge RouterLSR: Label Switched RouterCPE: Customer Premises Equipment

Figure 10 MPLS networks

LER

LSR

CPE

CPE

1

2

3

1

2 31

2

3 3

Label Port Label Operation

175 3 26 Swap

Port

2

Input Output

..... ..... ..... ..... .....

Label Port Label Operation

26 1 155 Swap

Port

3

Input Output

..... ..... ..... ..... .....

Port Port Label Operation

2 1 175 Push

Input Output

..... ..... ..... .....

Port Label Port Operation

3 26 2 Pop

Input Output

..... ..... ..... .....

MPLS path

12

CPE

Figure 11 Ethernet over NG SDH/SONET by means of GFP adaptation

1

3

5

7

9

+1

+n+4

PTI

byte

PFI EXI type

UPI

PLI

cHEC (CRC-16)

tHEC (CRC-16)

EXI

eHEC (CRC-16)

pFCS (CRC-32)

+n

66Core Payload Extension Payload Check-

GFP frame

Payload: Space for the framed PDUpFCS: Payload FCS

2

4

6

8

+2

eHEC: Extension HEC protection

EXI: Extension Header IdentifiertHEC: Type HEC protection

CIDSpare

Lin

ear

EX

I typ

e

Nu

ll E

XI

tHEC: Type HEC protectionCID: Channel ID for submultiplexing

tHEC

TypeType

tHEC

eHEC

Payload

PLI: PDU Length IndicatorcHEC: Core HEC protectionPTI: Payload type Identifier

000: client data100: client management

PFI: Payload FCS Indicator1: presence of FCS0: absence

EXI: Extension Header Identifier0000: Null0001: Linear0010: Ring

UPI: User Payload Identifier (PTI=0)01x: Ethernet (GFP-F)

06x: Gigabit Ethernet (GFP-T)

GFP frame

Pre DA SA T/L LLC Data Pad FCS ExtensionSFD

extension gapFrame 1 Frame 2Idle Idle

/S/ 8B/10B codification/I2//I2/... /R/.../R//R/ /R/ ... /R/ /S/ 8B/10B codification .../I2/ ...

Frame

Header Header sum

GFP-T mapping

GFP-F mapping

Preamble: Synchronisation pattern

SFD: Start Frame Delimiter

DA: Destination Address

SA: Source Address

LLC: Payload

Pad: Ensures a minimum frame size

FCS: Frame Check Sequence

T/L: Type/Length

Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet testing, Gigabit Ethernet installation, Gigabit Ethernet maintenance, Gigabit Ethernet commissioning, Gigabit Ethernet troubleshooting, Gigabit Ethernet protocols, Gigabit Ethernet Alarms, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet test, Gigabit Ethernet tester

577 17280

MAC frame MAC frame

HDR PayloadHDR Payload

MAC Sublayer

PCS Sublayer

66 bits block

WIS Sublayer

POH

STM-64/OC-192

Regenerator Section Overhead / Section Overhead

1 193 5762 3 192191 194 195 196 385384383382381 386 387 575

Multiplexer Section Overhead / Line Overhead

Administrative Unit Pointer / STS Pointer

9

12345678

M1: Remote Error Indication (REI)

H1, H2, H3: Pointer bytes

Z0: Reserved

K1, K2: APS protocol, fixed values

A1=0xF6, A2=0x28: Frame alignmentB1: Regenerator section bit interleaved parityB2: Multiplexer section bit interleaved parity

J0: Section trace message J1: Path trace messageB3: Path bit interleaved parityC2: Payload type (fixed to 0x1A)G1: Path status

S1: Synchronisation messages, fixed to 0x0F

MSOH

RSOH

ptr

1

Fix

ed S

tuff

VC4-64c / STS-192c SPE

G1

J1

B3

C2H1 H1 H1 H1 |H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 H3H1 H2 H3

B1

*A1 *A1 *

A1 *A1 *A1 *A1 *A2 *A2 *A2 *A2 *A2 *A2 *A2 *A2 *J0 *Z0 *Z0

X

*Z0

X

*X *Z0*A1 *A2 *A2 *Z0

1 193 5762 3 192191 194 195 196 385384383382381 386 387 575

M1

K2

1 193 5762 3 192191 194 195 196 385384383382381 386 387 575B2 B2 K1B2B2 B2 B2

S1

Figure 12 WAN interface sublayer (WIS) for 10G-BASE-W

7

Preamble

1

SFD

6

DA

6

SA

2

T / L Data/Pad

4

FCS

46 ~ 1500bytes

VLAN

4

Tunnel label

bytes

VC label Control (optional)

4 4 4

Ethernet VLAN frame

64 ~ 1518

Tagged Ethernet VLAN Frame

Labeled MPLS Frame

4 16

SQLenFlgsRsvd4 820 8

S TTL3 1

EXPID20 8

S TTL3 1

EXPID

Tunnel label: LSP used in the MPLS domain VC label: Forwarding info at egress LSR Control: Extra control information - Rsvd: Reserved- Flgs: Protocol-specific control information- Len: Packet length- SQ: Sequence number

- ID: LSP Identifier- EXP: Class of Service- S: Stack- TTL: Time-to-live

Figure 13 MPLS encapsulation of Ethernet frames

- ID: LSP Identifier- EXP: Class of Service- S: Stack- TTL: Time-to-live

Acronyms

AS Assured Forwarding MMF Multimode Fibre

AU Administrative Unit MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

CBS Committed Burst Size MSOH Multiplexer Section Overhead

CIR Committed Information Rate NG-SDH Next Generation SDH

CoS Class of Service OC-n Optical Carrier, level nCPE Customer Premises Equipment PCS Physical Coding Sublayer

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check PDU Payload Data Unit

DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point PHB Per Hop Behavior

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing POH Path Overhead

EBS Excess Burst Size QoS Quality of Service

EF Expedited Forwarding RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

EIR Excess Information Rate SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

E-LAN Ethernet LAN SFD Start of Frame Delimiter

E-Line Ethernet Line SMF Single Mode Fiber

EoS Ethernet over SDH/SONET SONET Synchronous Optical Network

EPL Ethernet Private Line SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope

EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN STM-n Synchronous Transport Module, level nEVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit STP Shielded Twisted Pair

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line STS-n Synchronous Transport Signal, level nEVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN ToS Type of Service

FCS Frame Check Sequence trTCM two-rate Three-Colour Marker

GbE Gigabit Ethernet TTL Time To Live

GFP Generic Frame Procedure UNI User-to-Network Interface

HEC Header Error Control UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

IP Internet Protocol VC Virtual Circuit

LAN Local Area Network VLAN Virtual LAN

LER Label Edge Router WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

LSP Label-Switched Path WIS WAN Interface Sublayer

LSR Label Switching Router WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

MAC Media Access Control

Field GbE test

ALBEDO Ether.Giga is an Ethernet & IP tester equipped with all the features of legacy testers such as BER and RFC2544, plus the new ones like Y.1564, Y.1731, and FCS error insertion in pass mode therefore it is capable to verify the QoS and SLA of new Multiplay services offering field technicians tools to quickly and easily validate and troubleshoot Ethernet services, including multiplay applications such as VoIP, IPTV, VoD, high-performance Computing, Virtualization Services, Data Centers and Storage that require significant levels of bandwidth

Made in EU

designed in 2012

• Advanced Counts: Up to 8 filters at MAC, IP, TCP/UDP, Arbitrary [mask + offset]

• Y.1564 (e-SAM) FTD, 2-way FDV, FDV, 2-way FTD, FLR, SES, PEU and PEA

• Y.1731 QoS statistics

• 2 x SFP + 2 x RJ45 interfaces

• Symmetrical & Asymmetrical RFC2544 test

• FCS error insertion in passthrought mode

• L1/L2/L3/L4 loopback

• Multistreams for IPTV, VoIP, and Critical Data verification

• Q-in-Q for demarcation tests

• MPLS support

• Scan MAC/IP/VLAN/QinQ

Documents

Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro ...albedotelecom.com/src/lib/PG-Ethernet.pdf · Carrier Class Ethernet, Metro Ethernet tester, Metro Ethernet te sting, Metro