Carriage of Goods by SeaJohn F Wilson

Seventh Edition

...deserves a place on the shelf of every law teacher in the subject, and at least on the reading lists of all of its students.

Review of a previous edition, The Cambridge Law Journal

Written by a leading expert in the eld, Carriage of Goods by Sea is the de nitive guide to all aspects of this important part of international trade law. Relied upon

by generations of students and practitioners alike, this market leading text is renowned for combining a critical, in-depth examination of all aspects of the law relating to the carriage of goods by sea with a highly readable written style, clear analysis of legal principles and a highly practical approach to the subject making it eminently suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students.

NEW TO THIS EDITION

Carriage of Goods by Sea has been fully revised to examine all recent statutory and case law developments in the law in this area, including:

A dedicated chapter containing full discussion of the wide ranging changes to bill of lading contracts proposed in the Rotterdam Rules

A new appendix containing the text of the Rotterdam Rules in full

Discussion of signi cant judicial decisions, including Transfi eld Shipping Inc. v Mercator Shipping Inc., Mediterranean Salvage and Towage Co. v Seamar Trading, Mansell Oil v Troon Storage Tankers, Lansat Shipping Co. v Glencore Grain, Trafi gura Beheer v Mediterranean Shipping Co., The Archimidis, and Fiona Trust and Holding Corp v Privalov

This text is highly suitable for recommendation to students studying international trade law, maritime and shipping law, and carriage of goods courses. It is also an invaluable source of reference for legal professionals specialising in this area, and shipbroking and cargo rms. ABOUT THE AUTHOR

John F Wilson is a member of the Institute of Maritime Law at the University of Southampton and is Emeritus Professor of Law at the University. He has lectured widely on maritime law in the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore.

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Carriage of G

oods by SeaW

ilson

Seventh Edition

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Carriage of Goods by Sea

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Carriage of Goods by SeaSeventh Edition

John F WilsonEmeritus Professor of Lawat the Institute of Maritime LawUniversity of Southampton

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Pearson Education Limited

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First published under the Pitman Publishing imprint in Great Britain 1988Second edition published in 1993Third edition published in 1998Fourth edition published in 2001Fifth edition published in 2004Sixth edition published in 2008Seventh edition published in 2010

John F Wilson 1988, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2008, 2010

The right of John F Wilson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners.

Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queens Printer for Scotland.Law Commission Reports are reproduced under the terms of the Click-Use Licence.

ISBN: 978-1-4082-1893-8

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataWilson, John Furness, 1924

Carriage of goods by sea / John F. Wilson. 7th ed.p. cm.

Includes index.ISBN 978-1-4082-1893-8 (pbk.)1. Contracts, Maritime Great Britain. 2. Freight and freightage Great Britain.

3. Charter-parties Great Britain. I. Title. KD1819.W55 2010343.41096dc22

2010010961

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 114 13 12 11 10

Typeset in 9/12.5pt Giovanni by 35Printed and bound in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, Dorchester, Dorset

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Contents

Preface to the first edition xiiPreface xiiiTable of cases xvTable of statutes xlixAbbreviated book titles livList of abbreviations lvAcknowledgements lvi

Part IGeneral introduction 1

1 Introduction 3

1.1 The charterparty 31.2 The bill of lading contract 51.3 Charterers bills of lading 61.4 The demise charterparty 7

2 Implied obligations in a contract of affreightment 9

2.1 The undertaking as to seaworthiness 92.1.1 Nature of the obligation 92.1.2 Incidence of obligation 112.1.3 Burden of proof 132.1.4 Effect of breach 13

2.2 Obligation of reasonable dispatch 152.2.1 Effect of breach 15

2.3 Obligation not to deviate from the agreed route 162.3.1 Justifiable deviations 172.3.2 Liberty clauses 192.3.3 The effect of breach 20

2.4 The obligation to nominate a safe port 252.4.1 The period covered by the warranty 262.4.2 The nature of the risks covered 272.4.3 The nature of the undertaking remedies available

for breach 282.4.4 The scope of the undertaking 302.4.5 The safe port/safe berth relationship 32

2.5 The obligation not to ship dangerous goods 332.5.1 Meaning of dangerous goods 33

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2.5.2 Nature of liability 342.5.3 Liability under the Hague/Visby Rules 352.5.4 Statutory regulation 37

2.6 The effect of frustration 382.6.1 Types of frustration 392.6.2 Factors to be taken into consideration 422.6.3 Effect of frustration 44

Part IICharterparties 47

3 The voyage charterparty 49

3.1 An overview of the charter 493.1.1 Introductory clauses 493.1.2 Cargo clauses 503.1.3 Freight clauses 503.1.4 Laytime provisions 513.1.5 Other clauses 523.1.6 Performance of the charterparty 53

3.2 The arrived ship 533.2.1 Charterparty provisions shifting risk of delay 563.2.2 Readiness to load or discharge 58

3.3 The preliminary voyage 623.3.1 Nomination of port of loading 623.3.2 Or so near thereto as she may safely get 633.3.3 The voyage to the loading port 64

3.4 The loading operation 683.4.1 Division of responsibility 683.4.2 Provision of cargo 693.4.3 Laytime 723.4.4 Demurrage and damages for detention 76

3.5 The carrying voyage 793.6 The discharging operation 80

3.6.1 Delivery 81

4 The time charterparty 85

4.1 General legal overview 854.1.1 Clause describing vessel 854.1.2 The charter period 854.1.3 Off-hire 864.1.4 Payment of hire right to withdraw for non-payment 864.1.5 Employment and indemnity clause 874.1.6 Return of the vessel 88

4.2 Description of the vessel 884.3 Period of hire 90

4.3.1 Specific clauses 914.3.2 Effect of overlap 92

CONTENTS

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4.4 Payment for hire 944.4.1 Payment in cash 944.4.2 Payment in advance 95

4.5 The off-hire clause 964.5.1 Period of off-hire 974.5.2 Effects of the operation of the off-hire clause 99

4.6 Deductions from hire 1004.7 Right to withdraw vessel for non-payment of hire 102

4.7.1 Requirements for exercise of right of withdrawal 1034.7.2 Waiver of right to withdraw 1034.7.3 Possible bars to exercise of the right of withdrawal 1054.7.4 Effect of exercise of right to withdraw 107

4.8 Employment and agency clause 1084.9 Redelivery of the vessel 111

Part IIIBills of lading 113

5 Bills of lading and their functions 115

5.1 Historical introduction 1155.2 Functions of a bill of lading 117

5.2.1 As receipt for goods shipped 1185.2.2 As evidence of the contract of carriage 1295.2.3 As a document of title 132

5.3 Bills of lading and third parties 1425.3.1 Liability in tort 1425.3.2 Third party reliance on bill of lading terms 144

5.4 Presentation of a bill of lading 1545.5 Problems in presentation 157

5.5.1 Short form bill of lading 1585.5.2 The waybill 1595.5.3 The straight bill of lading 1615.5.4 A registry system 1635.5.5 A possible practical solution 165

5.6 Electronic bills of lading 1655.6.1 Atlantic Container Line datafreight system 1665.6.2 Electronic data exchange systems 1675.6.3 Bolero 1705.6.4 Conclusions 171

5.7 Switch bills 172

6 Application of the Hague/Visby Rules 174

6.1 Application of the Rules 1746.1.1 Types of carriage covered by the Rules 1746.1.2 The cargoes excluded 1786.1.3 Period of coverage of the Rules 181

6.2 Legal effect of the Rules 183

CONTENTS

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6.3 Basic provisions of the Hague/Visby Rules 1866.3.1 Duties of the carrier 1876.3.2 Rights and immunities of the carrier 1946.3.3 Other provisions 208

6.4 Incorporation of the Hague/Visby Rules in charterparties 2106.4.1 Effect of incorporation 211

7 Bills of lading the Hamburg Rules 215

7.1 Introduction 2157.2 Scope of application of the Rules 2157.3 Basic carrier liability 2167.4 Limitation of liability 220

7.4.1 Loss of right to limit liability 2227.5 Other provisions 2227.6 Prospects for adoption of the Hamburg Rules 2267.7 Later developments 228

8 Bills of lading the Rotterdam Rules 230

8.1 Introduction 2308.2 Scope of application of the Rules 2318.3 Basic carrier liability 2328.4 Special provision for particular cases 233

8.4.1 Carriage of deck cargo 2338.4.2 Live animals and certain other goods 2338.4.3 Dangerous goods 234

8.5 Core provisions 2348.5.1 Definition of carrier 2348.5.2 Documentation 2358.5.3 Deviation 2368.5.4 Delay in delivery 2368.5.5 Limitation of liability 2378.5.6 Limitation of action 2378.5.7 Contracting out 2388.5.8 Volume contracts 238

8.6 Ancillary provisions 2398.6.1 Delivery of the goods 2398.6.2 Rights of the controlling party 2408.6.3 Transfer of rights 241

8.7 Jurisdiction and arbitration 2418.7.1 Jurisdiction 2428.7.2 Arbitration 242

9 Bills of lading issued under charterparties 243

9.1 Where bill of lading issued to charterer 2439.2 Where bill issued to third-party shipper 244

9.2.1 Who is the carrier? 2449.2.2 What are the terms of the contract? 247

CONTENTS

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9.3 Where bill indorsed by charterer to a third party 2519.4 Shipowners recourse against charterer 252

10 Problems of combined transport 253

10.1 The liability of the carrier 25410.1.1 Locating damage or loss 25510.1.2 Limitation of liability 25610.1.3 Claims in tort 256

10.2 Combined transport and documentary credits 25710.3 Effect of transhipment 258

10.3.1 Transhipment and documentary credits 25810.4 Multimodal Convention 1980 259

Part IVCommon aspects of contracts of affreightment 261

11 Exceptions 263

11.1 Common law exceptions 26311.1.1 Act of God 26311.1.2 Act of the Queens enemies 26411.1.3 Inherent vice 265

11.2 Contractual exceptions 26511.2.1 Perils of the sea 26611.2.2 Collisions both-to-blame clause 26711.2.3 Restraint of princes 26811.2.4 Strikes or lockouts 27111.2.5 Defective packing 272

11.3 The Hague/Visby exceptions 27311.3.1 Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or

the servants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship 273

11.3.2 Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier 275

11.3.3 The catch-all exception 27711.4 Bars to the exceptions 279

11.4.1 Negligence 28011.4.2 Unseaworthiness 28011.4.3 Fundamental breach 280

12 Limitation of liability 282

12.1 Introduction 28212.2 Merchant Shipping Act 1995 283

12.2.1 Parties covered 28312.2.2 Types of claim covered 28512.2.3 Limitation amount 28612.2.4 Breaking the limits 287

CONTENTS

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13 Freight 289

13.1 The basic obligation 28913.1.1 Calculation of freight 29013.1.2 Deductions from freight 29013.1.3 The effect of deviation 291

13.2 Advance freight 29213.3 Specialised types of freight 295

13.3.1 Lump sum freight 29513.3.2 Pro rata freight 29613.3.3 Back freight 29613.3.4 Dead freight 297

13.4 Payment of freight 29813.4.1 Party from whom freight due 29813.4.2 Party to whom freight payable 300

14 Shipowners liens 30314.1 Liens at common law 303

14.1.1 Requirements for the exercise of the common law lien for freight 303

14.2 Express contractual liens 30414.2.1 Characteristics of contractual lien 30514.2.2 Lien on sub-freights 306

14.3 The cesser clause 308

Part VDispute settlement 311

15 Dispute settlement 31315.1 Problems of conflict of laws 313

15.1.1 Jurisdiction of the English courts 31315.1.2 Choice of forum 31515.1.3 Choice of law 323

15.2 Security for claims 33015.2.1 The action in rem 33115.2.2 The freezing injunction 332

15.3 Arbitration 33515.3.1 The Arbitration Act 1996 33615.3.2 Basic principles 33715.3.3 Types of arbitration 33815.3.4 Commencement of arbitration 33915.3.5 Appeal from arbitration award 33915.3.6 Other challenges to an award 34315.3.7 Control by the court of arbitration proceedings 34315.3.8 Enforcement of arbitration awards 345

16 Breach of contract 34616.1 Forms of breach 346

16.1.1 Anticipatory breach 346

CONTENTS

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16.2 The effects of breach 34716.2.1 Conditions and warranties 34816.2.2 Intermediate terms 35016.2.3 The effects of a repudiatory breach 351

16.3 The action for damages 35316.3.1 Remoteness of damage 35316.3.2 Measure of damages 35816.3.3 Other relevant considerations in assessing damages 361

16.4 Remedies other than damages 36316.4.1 Specific performance 36316.4.2 Injunction 364

Appendices 367

Appendix 1 Bills of Lading Act 1855 369Appendix 2 The Hague Rules 1924 370Appendix 3 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 377Appendix 4 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 386Appendix 5 The Hamburg Rules 1978 390Appendix 6 The Rotterdam Rules 402Appendix 7 CMI Uniform Rules for Sea Waybills 438Appendix 8 CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading 440Appendix 9 Barecon 2001 Charter 444Appendix 10 Gencon 94 Charter 456Appendix 11 Shellvoy 6 Charter 462Appendix 12 Baltime 1939 Charter (as revised 2001) 482Appendix 13 New York Produce Exchange (NYPE 46) Charter 487Appendix 14 New York Produce Exchange (NYPE 93) Charter 491Appendix 15 Shelltime 4 Charter (as amended 2003) 505Appendix 16 Conlinebill 1978 522Appendix 17 Conlinebill 2000 526Appendix 18 Congenbill 528Appendix 19 Maersk Line bill 530Appendix 20 GCBS Short Form Bill 534Appendix 21 Combiconbill 536Appendix 22 Maersk Line Waybill 540

Index 541

CONTENTS

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Preface to the first edition

The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive and critical study of the principles of lawgoverning the carriage of goods by sea in the compass of a medium-sized textbook. The needfor such a book has become apparent with the recent introduction at a number of univer-sities and polytechnics of courses, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, on variousaspects of maritime law. While the continuing authority of Scrutton and Carver is not opento challenge, the professionally orientated and encyclopaedic approach of both texts is notideally suited to student use, while their respective costs are outside the range of the averagestudent pocket.

The present volume is hopefully aimed at filling this gap, while also serving as an intro-ductory work of reference for members of P and I Clubs and legal firms in the City engagedin cargo claims. It concentrates mainly on an exposition of the law relating to charterpartiesand bills of lading, but coverage is also devoted to the development of new forms of docu-mentation and to problems arising from through and combined transport, in so far as theyrelate to the carriage of goods by sea. A final chapter describes the various factors involved inthe prosecution of a cargo claim, ranging from the choice of forum and proper law, arbitra-tion procedure, to the granting of a Mareva injunction.

The approach throughout is that of the normal textbook designed for use with a degreecourse. The legal principles involved are examined critically against a background of currentdocumentation and contemporary practice in the shipping industry, while attention is paidto both existing problems and potential developments in the field. The emphasis throughoutis primarily on the English common law approach, although an attempt has been made toincorporate references to international, Commonwealth and US material wherever appropri-ate. A more thorough comparative approach had, regretfully, to be abandoned as impracticalwhen it threatened to run to the length of a second Benedict.

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Preface

The justification for the publication of a seventh edition is provided by the advent of a newcarriage convention with the potential to effect major changes to the bill of lading contract.After a period of gestation lasting some six years, the UN Convention on Contracts for theInternational Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea was finally opened for signature atRotterdam in September 2009. As its title implies, the new Convention proposes a regimeapplicable from door-to-door rather than the port-to-port coverage favoured by previous carriage conventions. The Convention is drafted in the style adopted for the Hamburg Rulesalthough providing more detailed coverage of the various aspects of the contract of carriageand comprising a total of 96 articles. The original objective of the exercise was to provide asimple updated liability regime designed to resolve the problems arising from the simul-taneous operation of three different carriage conventions. The obvious danger in that, if thenew convention does not attract the international support necessary to supplant the existingregimes, the unfortunate result will be to add a forth competing convention to the existinglist. The hope was that in view of the number and range of states participating in the draftingprocess, the latter result could be avoided. After six months, however, the convention has onlyattracted 21 signatures, although experience with previous carriage conventions has shownthat states are slow to react to proposed changes in the law. Early ratification by a major shipping nation could make all the difference.

The main characteristics of the Convention (to be known as the Rotterdam Rules) are discussed in comparison with those of existing carriage regimes, while the full text of theRules is included in the Appendix.

The opportunity has also been taken to review some 30 new cases which have beendecided since the appearance of the previous edition. Of these perhaps the most significantis the decision in The Achilleas where the House of Lords considered the application of theremoteness rules to a claim for damages for late redelivery of a time chartered vessel. In limiting recovery to the difference between the charter and market rates of hire for the periodof overrun, their Lordships overruled the respective decisions of the trial judge, and an unanimous Court of Appeal in favour of the opinion of a minority arbitrator. Other cases of interest include Mediterranean Salvage and Towage Co. v Seamar Trading where the Court ofAppeal refused to imply a warranty as to the safety of a nominated berth in a port which hadbeen nominated in the charter but not warranted safe by the charterer; Bunge SA v ADM DoBrasil Ltda where it was held that cargo cannot be classed as dangerous under the HagueRules unless it has the potential to cause physical damage to the vessel or other cargo onboard; Fiona Trust and Holding Corp v Privalov which decided that an arbitration agreement is an agreement separate from the contract of which it forms a part and is not necessarilyinvalidated by any deflect in the latter; The Archimidis, a case where liability for dead freightwas held to be based on the quantity of cargo actually loaded on the vessel irrespective of the quantity made available by the charterer at the port of loading; and Trafigura Beheer v

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Mediterranean Shipping Co which involved construction of a clause seeking to exempt shipowners from liability for delivery of goods against forged bills of lading.

In conclusion, I wish as always to express my gratitude to colleagues in the Institute ofMaritime Law for their continuing encouragement and advice, in particular, to David Jacksonfor his unfailing help and expert counsel which kept me abreast of development in Conflictslaw; to Yvonne Baatz for her invaluable advice which guided me through the complexities of the Rotterdam Rules and to Andrew Sandiforth for his generous assistance with the basic research. Any remaining errors or omissions in the following pages are entirely myresponsibility.

My thanks are also due to Caroline Ciupek for the enthusiastic and highly competent wayin which she has tackled yet another manuscript on Carriage, and to my Publishers for theirmuch appreciated support and encouragement throughout the entire publication process.

The law is stated in the light of reported cases and material available to me on 1 April 2010.

JFWSouthampton

April 2010

PREFACE

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Table of cases

[Numbers in bold type indicate cases illustrated in the text]

Aaby v States Marine Corp (The Tento) [1950] AMC 947 14Aabys Rederi A/S v Lep Transport (1948) 81 LlLR 465 39A/B Helsingfors SS Co v Rederiaktiebolaget Rex. The White Rose [1969] 1 WLR 1098; [1969]

2 All ER 374; [1969] 2 Lloyds Rep 52 110Ace Imports Pty Ltd v Companhia de Navegacao Lloyd Brasileiro. The Esmeralda I [1988]

1 Lloyds Rep 206 119, 122, 200Ace Insurance v Zurich Insurance [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 618 318Achilleas, The. See Transfield Shipping Inc v Mercator Shipping IncACP Capital Ltd v IFR Capital plc [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 653 316Action SA v Britannic Shipping Corp Ltd [1987] 1 Lloyds Rep 119 309Action Navigation Inc v Bottiglieri di Navigazione. The Kitsa [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 432 110Actis Co Ltd v Sanko Steamship Co. The Aquacharm [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 237; [1982] 1 WLR 119;

[1982] 1 All ER 390; [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 7 97, 109Adamastos Shipping Co v Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co [1959] AC 133; [1958] 2 WLR 688; [1958]

1 All ER 725; sub nom Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co v Adamastos Shipping Co [1958] 1 LloydsRep 73 12, 13, 186, 210, 211, 212, 355

Adelfoi, The [1972] AMC 1742 91Aditya Vaibhav, The. See Century Textiles v Tomoe Shipping CoAdler v Dickson (The Himalaya) [1955] 1 QB 158; [1954] 3 WLR 696; [1954] 3 All ER 397;

[1954] 2 Lloyds Rep 267 201Adolf Warski, The [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 241 316Aegean Dolphin, The. See Dolphin Hellas Shipping SA v ItemslotAegean Sea, The. See Aegean Sea Traders v Repsol Petroleo SAAegean Sea Traders v Repsol Petroleo SA. The Aegean Sea [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 39 25, 137, 139,

283, 284Aegis Britannic, The. See Action SA v Britannic Shipping Corp LtdAegis Spirit, The [1977] 1 Lloyds Rep 93 197, 198, 199Aegnoussiotis Shipping Corp v Kristian Jebsens Rederi. The Aegnoussiotis [1977] 1 Lloyds Rep 268

103, 107, 306Aello, The. See Sociedad Financiera de Bienes Raices SA v Agrimpex Hungarian Trading CoAeolian, The. See ISS Machinery Services Ltd. v Aeolian Shipping

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Afovos Shipping Co v Pagnan and Lli. The Afovos [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 469; [1983] 1 WLR 195;[1983] 1 All ER 449; [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 562; [1983] 1 Lloyds Rep 335 94, 95, 96, 102, 107,108, 349, 350

Agamemnon, The. See TA Shipping Ltd v Comet Shipping LtdAggeliki Charis Compania Maritima v Pagnan. The Angelic Grace [1995] 1 Lloyds Rep 87 316Agios Dimitrios, The. See Alphapoint Shipping Ltd v Rotem Amfert Negev LtdAgios Giorgis, The. See Steelwood Carriers Inc v Evimeria Compaia Naviera SAAgios Lazarus, The [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 47 210, 339Agrabele, The (1979). See Gebr van Weelde Scheepvaart Kantoor BV v Homeric Marine Services

LtdAgrosin Pte Ltd v Highway Shipping Co Ltd. The Mata K [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 614 119, 122AIG Europe v QBE International Insurance [2001] 2 Lloyds Rep 268 322Airbus Industrie v Patel [1999] 1 AC 119 318Akai Pty Ltd v Peoples Insurance Co [1998] 1 Lloyds Rep 90 315Al Bida, The. See Arab Maritime Petroleum Transport Co v Luxor Trading CorpAl Taha, The. See Lyric Shipping Inc v Intermetals LtdAlaskan Trader, The. See Clea Shipping Corp v Bulk Oil International LtdAlbacora SRL v Westcott & Laurance Line [1966] 2 Lloyds Rep 53 191, 265Albacruz (Cargo Owners) v Albazero (Owners). The Albazero [1977] AC 774; [1976] 3 WLR 419;

[1976] 3 All ER 129; [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 467 144Albaforth, The. See Cordoba Shipping Co v National State Bank, New JerseyAlbazero, The. See Albacruz (Cargo Owners) v Albazero (Owners)Aldebaran Compania Maritima SA v Aussenhandel AG. The Darrah [1977] AC 157; [1976]

3 WLR 320; [1976] 2 All ER 963; [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 359 57Alev, The. See Vantage Navigation v SuhailAlexandra Towing Co v Millet. The Bramley Moore [1964] P 200 282Alfa Nord, The. See Gunnstein A/S & Co v Jensen, Krebs & NielsenAlhambra, The. (1881) 6 PD 68; [18815] All ER 707; 4 Asp MLC 410 26Aliakmon, The. See Leigh & Sillivan Ltd v Aliakmon Shipping CoAliakmon Maritime Corp v Transocean Continental Shipping Ltd. The Aliakmon Progress [1978]

2 Lloyds Rep 499 101, 274Aliakmon Progress, The. See Aliakmon Maritime Corp v Transocean Continental Shipping LtdAlimport v Soubert Shipping Co [2000] 2 Lloyds Rep 447 129, 245Allianz Spa West Tankers Inc. Case C185/07 [2009] 1 Lloyds Rep 413 323Allison v Bristol Marine Ins (1876) 1 App Cas 209; 34 LT 809; 3 Asp MLC 178 293, 295Alma Shipping Corp of Monrovia v Mantovani. The Dione [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 115 91, 93Almak, The. See Rudolf A Oetker v IFA Internationale Frachtagentur AGAlmare Seconda, The. See Blackgold Trading Ltd of Monrovia v Almare SpA di NavigazioneAlphapoint Shipping Ltd v Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd. The Agios Dimitrios [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 23

342, 343Altus, The. See Total Transport Corp v Amoco Trading CoAlvion Steamship Corp v Galban Lobo Trading Co SA [1955] 1 QB 430; [1955] 2 WLR 543;

[1955] 1 All ER 457; [1955] 1 Lloyds Rep 9 73Amazonia, The. See Furness Withy (Australia) Pty v Metal Distributors LtdAmerican International Specialty Lines Ass Co v Abbott Laboratories [2002] EWHC 2714; [2003]

1 Lloyds Rep 267 316American Legion, The. See Cameco Inc v American LegionAmerican President Lines v USA [1968] AMC 830 29American Steel Barge Co v Chesapeake Coal Agency Co (1902) 115 Fed Rep (2nd) 281 307American Union Transport Inc v USA [1976] AMC 1480 268

TABLE OF CASES

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Amstelmolen, The. See NV Reederij Amsterdam v President of IndiaAmstelslot, The [1963] 2 Lloyds Rep 223 11, 187, 188, 190Amsterdam, The. See Transfigura Beheer BV v Mediterranean Shipping CoAnders Maersk, The [1986] 1 Lloyds Rep 483 183Andersons (Pacific) Trading Co v Karlander [1980] 2 NSWLR 870 246Andre et Cie v Orient Shipping (Rotterdam) BV. The Laconian Confidence [1997] 1 Lloyds

Rep 139 97Angel Bell, The. See Iraqi Ministry of Defence v Arcepey Shipping Co SAAngelakis Shipping Co SA v Compagnie National Algrienne de Navigation. The Attika Hope

[1988] 1 Lloyds Rep 439 302Angelic Grace, The. See Aggeliki Charis Compania Maritima v PagnanAngelos Lusis, The. See Sociedad Carga Oceanica v Idolinoele VertriebsgesellschaftAngliss (W) & Co v P & O Steam Navigation Co [1927] 2 KB 457; 32 Com Cas 388; 43 TLR 675;

28 LlLR 202 190Anglo-Irish Beef Processors v Federated Stevedores [1997] 1 Lloyds Rep 207 206Anglo-Northern Trading Co v Emlyn Jones & Williams [1917] 2 KB 78; 116 LT 414; 33 TLR 302 41Anita, The [1970] 2 Lloyds Rep 365; reversed [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 487 270Anna CH, The. See Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines v The Royal Bank of Scotland plcAnnangel Glory CN v M Golodetz Ltd. The Annangel Glory [1988] 1 Lloyds Rep 45 308Annefield, The [1971] P 168; [1971] 2 WLR 320; [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 1 249Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB. The Antaios (No 2) [1985] AC 191; [1984]

3 WLR 592; [1984] 3 All ER 229; [1984] 2 Lloyds Rep 235 102, 342Antares, The. See Kenya Railways v Antares Co LtdAntares III, The. See Transpacific Eternity v Kanematsu CorpAntclizo (No 2), The. See Antclizo Shipping Corp v Food Corp of IndiaAntclizo Shipping Corp v Food Corp of India. The Antclizo (No 2) [1992] 1 Lloyds Rep 558 62Antec International v Biosafety USA Inc. [2006] EWHC 47 (Comm) 315Anticosti Shipping Co v Viateur St-Amand [1959] 1 Lloyds Rep 352 175, 176Antigoni, The [1991] 1 Lloyds Rep 209 190Antwerp United Diamonds v Air Europe [1995] 3 WLR 396; [1995] 3 All ER 424; [1995]

2 Lloyds Rep 224 203Antwerpen, The. See Glebe Island Terminals v Continental SeagramApex, The. See Phoenix Shipping Corp v Apex Shipping CorpAPJ Priti, The [1987] 2 Lloyds Rep 37 32Apollo, The [1978] 1 Lloyds Rep 200 97Apollonius, The [1978] 1 Lloyds Rep 53 96, 98Apostolis, The. See Meredith Jones & Co v Vangemar ShippingApostolis (No 2), The. See Meredith Jones & Co v Vangemar ShippingAquacharm, The. See Actis Co Ltd v The Sanko Steamship CoArab Maritime Petroleum Transport Co v Luxor Trading Corp. The Al Bida [1987] 1 Lloyds

Rep 124 88, 89Aramis, The [1989] 1 Lloyds Rep 213 141, 142Aratra Potato Co v Egyptian Navigation Co. The El Amria [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 119 316, 317Archimidis, The [2008] 1 Lloyds Rep 597; [2008] 2 All ER (Comm) 545 62, 297Arctic Skou, The. See Ove Skou v Rudolf A OetkerArdan Steamship Co v Weir [1905] AC 501; 93 LT 559; 10 Asp MLC 135 69Ardennes (Owners of Cargo) v Ardennes (Owners) [1951] 1 KB 55; [1950] 2 All ER 517; 84 LlLR

340 129, 131, 132, 220, 247, 358Argonaut Navigation Co v Ministry of Food [1949] 1 KB 572; [1949] 1 All ER 160;

82 LlLR 223 76

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Aries Tanker Corp v Total Transport. The Aries [1977] 1 WLR 185; [1977] 1 All ER 398; [1977] 1 Lloyds Rep 334 100, 206, 207, 290, 291

Arild v Hovrani [1923] 2 KB 141; 15 LlLR 50 99Armement Adolf Deppe v Robinson [1917] 2 KB 204; 116 LT 664; 14 Asp MLC 84 61Aron & Co v Sterling Navigation Co [1976] AMC 311 206Arpad, The [1934] P 189; 152 LT 521; 50 TLR 505; 18 Asp MLC 510 359Arta Shipping Co v Thai Europe Tapioca Shipping Service. The Johnny [1977] 2 Lloyds

Rep 1 91, 93A/S Awilco v Fulvia SpA di Navigazione. The Chikuma [1981] 1 WLR 314; [1981] 1 All ER 652;

[1981] 1 Lloyds Rep 371 95A/S Admiral Shipping v Portlink Ferries Ltd [1984] 2 Lloyds Rep 166 333, 335A/S Reidar v Arcos [1927] 1 KB 352 76, 77Ascot Commodities v Northern Pacific Shipping. The Irini (No 2) [1999] 1 Lloyds

Rep 189 108, 172Asfar v Blundell [1896] 1 QB 123; 73 LT 648; 12 TLR 29; 8 Asp MLC 106 291Aspa Maria, The [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 643 91Asphalt International v Enterprise 667 F 2d 261 (1982) 39Assios, The. See Negocios del Mare SA v Doric Shipping Corp SAAssociated Bulk Carriers v Shell International Petroleum Co. The Nordic Navigator [1984]

2 Lloyds Rep 182 78Assunzione, The [1954] P 150; [1954] 2 WLR 234; [1954] 1 All ER 278; [1953] 2 Lloyds

Rep 716 326Astro Valiente SA v The Government of Pakistan. The Emmanuel Colocotronis (No 2) [1982]

1 WLR 1096; [1982] 1 All ER 823; [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 286 248, 249Athamas, The [1963] 1 Lloyds Rep 287 63, 64Athanasia Comninos, The [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 277 34, 35, 139Athinoula, The. See Bravo Maritime (Chartering) Est v Alsayed AbdullahAthletic Union of Constantinople v National Basketball Assoc [2002] 1 WLR 2863; [2002]

3 All ER 897; [2002] 1 Lloyds Rep 305 340Athos, The. See Telfair Shipping Corp v Athos Shipping CoAtlantic Duchess, The [1957] 2 Lloyds Rep 55 35Atlantic Star, The. Atlantic Star (Owners) v Bona Spes (Owners) [1974] AC 436; [1973]

2 WLR 795; [1973] 2 All ER 175; [1973] 2 Lloyds Rep 197 317, 319Atlas, The. See Noble Resources Ltd v Cavalier Shipping CorpAttica Sea Carriers Corp v Ferrostaal. The Puerto Buitrago [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 250 111, 362Attika Hope, The. See Angelakis Shipping Co SA v Compagnie National Algrienne de NavigationAttorney General (Ceylon) v Scindia Steam Nav Co Ltd [1962] AC 60; [1961] 3 WLR 936; [1961]

3 All ER 684; [1961] 2 Lloyds Rep 173 120, 123Australian Oil Refining Pty v Miller [1968] 1 Lloyds Rep 448 212Avery v Bowden (1856) 6 E & B 953; 28 LT (OS) 49 72, 352Azuero, The [1957]. See Compania Naviera Azuero SA v British Oil and Cake MillsAzuero, The [1967] 1 Lloyds Rep 464 81Azur Gas, The. See SHV Gas Supply & Trading v Naftomar ShippingBaghlaf Al Zafer v Pakistan National Shipping Co (No 2) [2000] 1 Lloyds Rep 1 317Baghlaf Al Zafer Factory Co v Pakistan National Shipping Co [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 229 317Balder London, The. See Gatoil Anstalt v Omennial LtdBaleares, The. See Geogas SA v Trammo Gas LtdBamfield v Goole & Sheffield Transport Co [1910] 2 KB 94; 103 LT 201 35Bangladesh Chemical Industries v Henry Stephens Shipping Co. The SLS Everest [1981] 2 Lloyds

Rep 389 251

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Bangladesh Export Import Co v Sucden Kerry [1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 43Bank Line v Capel (Arthur) & Co [1919] AC 435; 120 LT 129; 35 TLR 150; 14 Asp MLC 370 41, 43Bank of China v NHM LLC [2002] 1 Lloyds Rep 506 334, 335Barber v Meyerstein (1870) LR 4 HL 317; 22 LT 808 133Barker v McAndrew (1865) 18 CB (NS) 759; 12 LT 459; 144 ER 643 16Baumwoll Manufactur von Carl Scheibler v Furness [1893] AC 8; 68 LT 1; 7 Asp MLC 263 7Bayoil v Seawind Tankers Corp. The Leonidas [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 533 90, 210, 212Behn v Burness (1863) 3 B & S 751; 122 ER 281 65Belleti v Morici [2009] EWHC 2316 (Comm) 333Bellina Maritime SA v Menorah Insurance Co [2002] 2 Lloyds Rep 575 207Ben Line Steamers Ltd v Pacific Steam Navigation Co. The Benlawers [1989] 2 Lloyds Rep 51 187Ben Shipping Co Ltd v An Bord Bainne. The C Joyce [1986] 2 All ER 177; [1986] 2 Lloyds

Rep 285 245Benarty, The [1983] 2 Lloyds Rep 50; on appeal [1984] 2 Lloyds Rep 244 185Benlawers, The. See Ben Line Steamers Ltd v Pacific Steam Navigation CoBenship International Inc v Deemand Shipping Co (1988) unreported 91Berge Sisar, The. See Borealis v Stargas LtdBerge Sund, The. See Sig Bergesen v Mobil Shipping CoBerge Tasta, The. See Skibs, Snefonn v Kawasaki Kisen KaishaBergen, The [1997] 1 Lloyds Rep 380 322Berkshire, The [1974] 1 Lloyds Rep 185 245, 246Beverly Hills National Bank Co v Compania de Navegacion Almirante [1971] AMC 890 304Biskra, The [1983] 2 Lloyds Rep 59 316Black Falcon, The. See Shipping Corp of India v NSB NiederelbeBlackgold Trading Ltd of Monrovia v Almare SpA di Navigazione. The Almare Seconda [1981]

2 Lloyds Rep 433 68, 355Blane Steamships v Minister of Transport [1951] 2 KB 965; [1951] 2 Lloyds Rep 155 39Blue Anchor Line v Alfred C Toepfer International. The Union Amsterdam [1982] 2 Lloyds

Rep 432 77Bolton (Engineering) Co v Graham & Sons Ltd [1957] 1 QB 159 276Borealis v Stargas Ltd. The Berge Sisar [1998] 3 WLR 1353; [1998] 4 All ER 821; [1998] 2 Lloyds

Rep 475 139, 300Borgship Tankers Inc v Product Transport Corp. The Casco [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 565 213Bouccra, The. See LOffice Cherifien des Phosphates v Yamashita-ShinnihonBoukadoura Maritime Corp v SA Marocaine de lIndustrie. The Boukadoura [1989] 1 Lloyds

Rep 393 193Bourne v Gatliffe. See Gatliffe v BourneBouygues Offshore SA v Caspian Shipping Co [1997] 2 Lloyds Rep 485; [1998] 2 Lloyds

Rep 461 151, 283BP Exploration Co v Hunt [1983] 2 AC 352; [1982] 2 WLR 253; [1982] 1 All ER 925 45Brabant, The [1967] 1 QB 588; [1966] 2 WLR 909; [1966] 1 All ER 961; [1965] 2 Lloyds

Rep 546 109Bradley v Goddard (1863) 3 F & F 638 80Bramley Moore, The. See Alexandra Towing Co v MilletBrandt v Liverpool, Brazil and River Plate Steam Navigation Co [1924] 1 KB 575; 130 LT 392;

16 Asp MLC 262 124, 140, 141, 299Brass v Maitland (1856) 6 E & B 470; 26 LJQB 49 34, 35Bravo Maritime (Chartering) Est v Alsayed Abdullah. The Athinoula [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 481 309Brede, The. See Henriksens Rederi A/S v RolimpexBremer v Westzucker [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 130 340

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Bremer Vulcan v South India Shipping Corp [1981] AC 909; [1981] 2 WLR 141; [1981] 1 All ER 289; [1981] 1 Lloyds Rep 253 344

Breydon Merchant, The [1992] 1 Lloyds Rep 373 285Bridgestone Maru (No 3), The. See Navigas International Ltd v Trans-Offshore IncBrightman v Bunge y Born [1924] 2 KB 619 70Brimnes, The. Tenax Steamship Co v Brimnes (The Owners) [1975] QB 929; [1974] 3 WLR 613;

[1974] 3 All ER 88; [1974] 2 Lloyds Rep 241; [1972] 2 Lloyds Rep 465 94, 95, 349Britain Steamship Co v Munson Line (1929) 31 F 2d 530 91, 92British Columbia Sawmill Co v Nettleship (1868) LR 3 CP 499 357Brooklyn Maru, The [1975] 2 Lloyds Rep 512 197Brown Boveri Pty v Baltic Shipping Co. The Nadezhda Krupskaya [1989] 1 Lloyds Rep 518 196Brown, Jenkinson & Co v Dalton [1957] 2 QB 621; [1957] 3 WLR 403; [1957] 2 All ER 844;

[1957] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 126, 223Browner International Ltd v Monarch Shipping Co. The European Enterprise [1989] 2 Lloyds

Rep 185 176, 178, 186, 204, 288BS & N Ltd v Micado Shipping Ltd. The Seaflower [2000] 2 Lloyds Rep 37 350BTP Tioxide Ltd v Pioneer Shipping Ltd. The Nema [1982] AC 724; [1981] 3 WLR 292; [1981]

2 All ER 1030; [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 239 39, 40, 341, 342Budgett v Binnington [1891] 1 QB 35; 6 Asp MLC 592 74Bukhta Russkaya, The. See Lauritzen Reefers v Ocean Reef Transport LtdBulk Oil v Sun International [1984] 1 WLR 147; [1984] 1 All ER 386; [1983] 2 Lloyds

Rep 587 342Bunga Seroja, The. See Great China Metal Industries v Malaysian International ShippingBunge v ADM DO Brasil Ltda [2009] 2 Lloyds Rep 175 37Bunge Corp v Tradax Export [1981] 1 WLR 711; [1981] 2 All ER 513; [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 14,

349, 351Bunge y Born v Brightman [1925] AC 799; 133 LT 738; 16 Asp MLC 545 69Burns, The [1907] P 137 332C Inc plc v L [2001] 2 Lloyds Rep 459 333C Joyce, The. See Ben Shipping Co v An Bord BainneCalcutta SS Co v Andrew Weir [1910] 1 KB 759 243Caltex v BP Shipping [1996] 1 Lloyds Rep 286 318Cameco Inc v American Legion [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 295 197, 198Canada Rice Mills Ltd v Union Marine Ins [1941] AC 55; [1940] 4 All ER 169; [1939] AMC 427;

[1939] 2 DLR 306; 67 LlLR 549 266Canadian and Dominion Sugar Co v Canadian National Steamships Ltd [1947] AC 46; 88 LlLR

13 125, 126Canadian Pacific Rly v Board of Trade (1925) 22 LlLR 1 111Cantieri Navali Riuniti v NV Omne Justitia. The Stolt Marmaro [1985] 1 Lloyds Rep 428 326Captain v Far Eastern Steamship Co [1979] 1 Lloyds Rep 595 182, 183, 258Captain George K, The. See Palmco Shipping Inc v Continental Ore CorpCaptain Gregos, The [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 310 205Captain Gregos (No 2), The. See Compania Portorafti v Ultramar Panama IncCarbopego-Abastecimento de Combustiveis v AMCI Export Corp [2006] 1 Lloyds Rep 736 360,

361Carewins Development (China) Ltd v Bright Fortune Shipping Ltd [2007] 3HKLRD 396 163Cargill Inc v Rionda de Pass Ltd. The Giannis Xilas [1982] 2 Lloyds Rep 511 73Cargill International v CPN Tankers (Bermuda) Ltd. The OT Sonya [1993] 2 Lloyds Rep 435 205Cargo ex Argos (1873) LR 5 PC 134; 28 LT 745 297Cargo ex Galam (1863) 2 Moo PC (NS) 216; 15 ER 883 290

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Cargo ex Maori King v Hughes. See Maori King (Cargo Owners) v HughesCarlton SS Co v Castle Mail Packets Co [1897] 2 Com Cas 173; [1898] AC 486; 8 Asp MLC 402;

78 LT 661 71Casco, The. See Borgship Tankers Inc v Product Transport CorpCaspian Sea, The. See Montedison SpA v Icroma SpACebu (No 2), The. See Itex Itagrani Export v Care Shipping CorpCellulose Acetate Silk Co v Widnes Foundry [1933] AC 20; 147 LT 401 362Century Textiles v Tomoe Shipping Co. The Aditya Vaibav [1991] 1 Lloyds Rep 573 101Cero Navigation Corp v Jean Lion. The Solon [2000] 1 Lloyds Rep 292 77Chanda, The [1985]. See Valla Giovanni & C v Gebr van Weelde Scheepvaart Kantoor BVChanda, The [1989]. See Wibau Maschinenfabric Hartmann SA v Mackinnon, Mackenzie & CoChandris v Isbrandtsen-Moller Co [1951] 1 KB 240; (1950) 83 LlLR 385; [1959] 1 All ER 768

35, 36, 109, 209Channel Island Ferries v Cenargo Navigation. The Rozel [1994] 2 Lloyds Rep 161 111Chapparal, The [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 158 315Chartered Bank of India v British India Steam Nav Co [1909] AC 369; 100 LT 661; 11 Asp MLC

245 81, 156Cheikh Boutros v Ceylon Shipping Lines. The Madeleine [1967] 2 Lloyds Rep 224 11, 15, 65Chellaram & Co v China Ocean Shipping Co [1989] 1 Lloyds Rep 413 197Chellew Navigation Co v A R Appelquist Kolimport SA (1933) 45 LlLR 190 111Chikuma, The. See A/S Awilco v Fulvia SpA di NavigazioneChilewich Partners v MV Alligator Fortune [1994] 2 Lloyds Rep 314 154China National Foreign Trade Corp v Evolgia Shipping Co. The Mihalios Xilas [1979] 1 WLR 1018;

[1979] 2 All ER 1044; [1979] 2 Lloyds Rep 303 95, 100, 103, 104, 108China Ocean Shipping Co v Owners of the Vessel Andros. The Xingcheng [1987] 2 Lloyds

Rep 210; [1987] 1 WLR 1213 207China Offshore Oil v Giant Shipping Ltd. The Posidon [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 697 295Chiswell Shipping Ltd v National Iranian Tanker Co. The World Symphony [1992] 2 Lloyds

Rep 115 93Chitral, The [2000] 1 Lloyds Rep 529 132Cho Yang Shipping Co Ltd v Coral (UK) Ltd [1997] 2 Lloyds Rep 641 129Chris, The. SMA No 199 (Arb at New York 1958) 99Christensen v Hindustan Steel [1971] 1 WLR 1369; [1971] 2 All ER 811; [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 395

59, 60Christy v Row (1808) 1 Taunt 300; 127 ER 849 296Chrysanthi, The. SMA No 1417 (Arb at New York 1980) 99Chrysovalandou Dyo, The. See Santiren Shipping Ltd v UnimarineChurcher (John) v Mitsui [1974] 2 NSWLR 179 185Ciampa v British India Steam Navigation Co [1915] 2 KB 774 270Citi-March v Neptune Orient Lines [1996] 1 WLR 1367; [1996] 2 All ER 545 319City of Mecca, The (1881) 5 PD 28; 44 LT 750; 4 Asp MLC 412 331City of Westminster Properties v Mudd [1959] Ch 129; [1958] 2 All ER 733 131Civil Service Co-op Society v General SN Co [1903] 2 KB 756; 89 LT 429; 9 Asp MLC 477 44Clea Shipping Corp v Bulk Oil International Ltd. The Alaskan Trader [1983] 1 Lloyds Rep 315

361, 362Clifford Maersk, The [1982] 1 WLR 1292; [1982] 3 All ER 905; [1982] 2 Lloyds Rep 251 206Clink v Radford [1891] 1 QB 625; 64 LT 491; 7 Asp MLC 10 309Clipper Maritime Co v Mineralimportexport. The Marie Leonhardt [1981] 1 WLR 1262; [1981]

3 All ER 664; [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 458 335CMA CGM SA v Classica Shipping Ltd [2004] 1 Lloyds Rep 460 284

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Coast Lines Ltd v Hudig [1972] 2 QB 34; [1972] 2 WLR 280; [1972] 1 All ER 451; [1972] 1 Lloyds Rep 53 252, 326

Cobelfret NV v Cyclades Shipping Co. The Linardos [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 28 61Cochin Refineries v Triton Shipping [1978] AMC 444 102Cole v Meek (1864) 15 CB (NS) 795; 9 LT 653 71Colonial Bank v European Grain & Shipping Ltd. The Dominique [1987] 1 Lloyds Rep 239;

[1988] 1 Lloyds Rep 215 290, 293, 294Commercial Marine Piling Ltd v Pierse Contracting Ltd [2009] EWHC 2241 (TCC) 321Compagnie dArmement Maritime SA v Compagnie Tunisienne de Navigation SA [1971] AC 572;

[1970] 3 WLR 389; [1970] 3 All ER 71; [1969] 2 Lloyds Rep 71 325Compaia Columbiana de Seguros v Pacific SN Co [1965] 1 QB 101; [1964] 2 WLR 484; [1964]

1 All ER 216; [1963] 2 Lloyds Rep 479 206Compania Crystal de Vapores v Herman & Mohatta [1958] 2 QB 196; [1958] 3 WLR 36; [1958]

2 All ER 508; [1958] 1 Lloyds Rep 616 73, 74Compania de Naviera Nedelka v Tradax International. The Tres Flores [1974] QB 264; [1973]

3 WLR 545; [1973] 3 All ER 967; [1973] 2 Lloyds Rep 247 12, 59, 60, 61, 62Compania de Navigacion Zita SA v Louis Dreyfus et Cie [1953] 1 WLR 1399; [1953] 2 All

ER 1359; [1953] 2 Lloyds Rep 472 74Compania Naviera Aeolus SA v Union of India [1964] AC 868; [1962] 3 WLR 1123; [1962] 3 All

ER 670; sub nom Union of India v Compaia Naviera Aeolus SA [1962] 2 Lloyds Rep 175 77Compania Naviera Azuero SA v British Oil and Cake Mills [1957] 2 QB 293; [1957] 2 WLR 997;

[1957] 2 All ER 241; [1957] 1 Lloyds Rep 312 73Compania Naviera General SA v Kerametal Ltd. The Lorna I [1983] 1 Lloyds Rep 373 292, 293Compania Naviera Maropan SA v Bowaters Paper Mills. The Stork [1955] 2 QB 68; [1955] 2 WLR

998; [1955] 2 All ER 241; [1955] 1 Lloyds Rep 349 27, 29Compaia Naviera Termar v Tradax Export [1966] 1 Lloyds Rep 566 56Compania Naviera Vascongada v Churchill [1906] 1 KB 237; 94 LT 59; 10 Asp MLC 177 118, 124Compania Portorafti v Ultramar Panama Inc. The Captain Gregos (No 2) [1990] 2 Lloyds Rep 395

141, 142Compania Sud Americana de Vapores v Sinochem [2009] EWHC 1880 (Comm) 274Compania Sud American Vapores v MS ER Hamburg [2006] 2 Lloyds Rep 66 192Concordia Fjord, The [1984] 1 Lloyds Rep 385 31Connolly Shaw v Nordenfjeldske SS Co (1934) 50 TLR 418; 49 Ll LR 183 20Conoco Britannia, The [1972] 2 QB 543; [1972] 2 WLR 1352; [1972] 2 All ER 238; [1972]

1 Lloyds Rep 342 332Constantine SS Line v Imperial Smelting Corp [1942] AC 154; [1941] 2 All ER 165 43, 44, 192Continental Bank v Aeakos Compania Naviera [1994] 1 WLR 588; [1994] 2 All ER 540; [1994]

2 Lloyds Rep 505 316, 322Continental Fertiliser Co v Pionier Shipping. The Pionier [1995] 1 Lloyds Rep 223 206Continental Grain Co v Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines. The Iran Bohonar [1983] 2

Lloyds Rep 620 208Continental Pacific Shipping v Deemand Shipping. The Lendoudis Evangelos II [1997] 1 Lloyds

Rep 404 91Continex Inc v SS Flying Independent [1952] AMC 1499 272Cordoba Shipping Co Ltd v National State Bank, New Jersey. The Albaforth [1984] 2 Lloyds

Rep 91 314Coreck Maritime v Handelsveem [2000] Case 387/98; [2000] ECRI 9337 322Cosmar Compania Naviera SA v Total Transport Corp. The Isabelle [1984] 1 Lloyds Rep 366 54Cosmos Bulk Transport Inc v China National Transportation Co [1978] 1 Lloyds Rep 53 89Couchman v Hill [1947] KB 554; [1947] 1 All ER 103 131

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Court Line v Dant [1939] 3 All ER 314; 161 LT 35; 64 LlLR 212; 44 Com Cas 345 41, 97Court Line v Finelvet [1966] 1 Lloyds Rep 683 99Cox v Bruce (1886) 18 QBD 147; 57 LT 128; 6 Asp MLC 152 128Crdit Suisse Fides Trust v Cuoghi [1997] 3 All ER 724 333Cremer v General Carriers [1974] 1 WLR 341; [1974] 1 All ER 1; sub nom. The Dona Mari [1973]

2 Lloyds Rep 366 140Crooks v Allan (1879) 5 QBD 38; 41 LT 800; 4 Asp MLC 216 129Cuthbert v Cumming (1855) 11 Ex 405; 25 LT (OS) 234 71Dadourian Group International v Simms [2006] 2 Lloyds Rep 354 334, 335Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd v Klipriver Shipping. The Kapitan Petko Voivoda [2003] 2 Lloyds

Rep 1 21, 23, 179, 180, 202, 203, 280Dagmar, The. See Tage Berglund v Montoro Shipping CorpDahl v Nelson (1881) 6 App Cas 38; 44 LT 381; 4 Asp MLC 392 64Dakin v Oxley (1864) 15 CB (NS) 646; 143 ER 938; 10 LT 268 289, 290Dampskibsselskabet Botnia A/S v Bell & Co [1932] 2 KB 569; 147 LT 499; 18 Asp MLC 307 73Darrah, The. See Aldebaran Compaia Maritima SA v Aussenhandel AGDaval Acier dUsinor v Armare SRL. The Nerano [1996] 1 Lloyds Rep 1 249David Agmashenebeli, The [2003] 1 Lloyds Rep 92 123Davis Contractors v Fareham UDC [1956] AC 696; [1956] 3 WLR 37; [1956] 2 All ER 145 38, 42Deichland, The [1990] 1 QB 361; [1989] 3 WLR 478; [1989] 3 All ER 1066; [1989] 2 Lloyds

Rep 113 321Delfini, The. See Enichem Anic SpA v Ampelos Shipping CoDelian Spirit, The. See Shipping Developments Corp SA v V/O SojuzneftexportDelos, The [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 703 249De Mattos v Gibson (1858) 4 De G & J 276; 45 ER 108 363, 364Democritos, The. See Marbienes v FerrostaalDenholm Shipping Co v Hedger [1931] AMC 297 89Denny, Mott & Dickson Ltd v Fraser [1944] AC 265; [1944] 1 All ER 678 38Derby, The. See Toepfer (Alfred C) v Tossa Marine Co LtdDeutsche Bank AG v Asia Broadband Wireless Communications [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 619 315Deutsche Bank AG v Highland Crusader Offshore Partners [2009] 2 Lloyds Rep 61 316Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie v Legent Maritime Co [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 71 109Dias Compania Naviera SA v Dreyfus (Louis) Corp; The Dias [1978] 1 WLR 261; [1978] 1 All

ER 724; [1978] 1 Lloyds Rep 325 77Dione, The. See Alma Shipping Corp of Monrovia v MantovaniDolphin Hellas Shipping AS v Itemslot Ltd. The Aegean Dolphin [1992] 2 Lloyds Rep 178 89Dominique, The. See Colonial Bank v European Grain & Shipping LtdDona Mari, The. See Cremer v General CarriersDonald, The [1920] P 56 34Donohue v Armco Inc [2002] 1 Lloyds Rep 425 316Doric Pride, The. See Hyundai Merchant Marine v Furnace Withy (Australia) LtdDornoch v Mauritius Union Assurance [2006] 2 All ER (Comm) 385; [2006] 2 Lloyds Rep 475

315Dow Europe v Novoklav Inc [1998] 1 Lloyds Rep 306 188Dressler UK Ltd v Falcongate Freight Management Ltd. The Duke of Yare [1992] QB 502; [1992]

2 All ER 450; [1991] 2 Lloyds Rep 557 146Dreyfus (Louis) v Parnaso Cia Naviera SA (The Dominator) [1960] 2 QB 49; [1960] 2 WLR 637;

[1960] 1 All ER 759; [1960] 1 Lloyds Rep 117 71Dubai Electricity Co v Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines. The Iran Vojdan [1984] 2 Lloyds

Rep 380 325

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Dunlop v Lambert (1839) 6 Cl & F 600 139Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage Co [1915] AC 79; 111 LT 862 52, 77, 362Duthie v Hilton (1868) LR 4 CP 138; 19 LT 285 291Dynamic, The. See Ocean Marine Navigation Ltd v Koch Carbon IncEastern City, The. See Leeds Shipping v Socit Franaise BungeEastern Mediterranean Maritime v Unimarine. The Marika M [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 622 99East West Corp v DKBS 1912 [2003] 1 Lloyds Rep 239 137, 138, 145, 146, 147Edmund Fanning, The [1953] AMC 86 196Edwinton Commercial Corp v Tsavliriss Russ. The Sea Angel [2007] 2 Lloyds Rep 517; [2007]

2 All ER (Comm) 634 42Effort Shipping Co v Linden Management Co. The Giannis NK [1998] 1 Lloyds Rep 337 33, 35,

36, 37El Amria, The. See Aratra Potato Co v Egyptian Navigation CoEl Greco (Australia) Pty Ltd v Mediterranean Shipping [2004] 2 Lloyds Rep 537 199, 200Elafi, The. See Karlshamns Olje Fabriker v Eastport Navigation CorpElder, Dempster & Co Ltd v Paterson, Zochonis & Co [1924] AC 522; [1924] All ER 135; 16 Asp

MLC 351 13, 149Elder Dempster Lines v Zaki Ishag. The Lycaon [1983] 2 Lloyds Rep 548 172Eleftheria, The [1970] P 94; [1969] 2 WLR 1073; [1969] 2 All ER 641; [1969] 1 Lloyds Rep 237

316, 317Elena DAmico, The. See Koch Marine Inc v DAmica Societ di NavigazioneEletherios, The. See Galaxia Maritime SA v MineralimportexportEllerman Lines v Lancaster Maritime Co Ltd. The Lancaster [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 497 307Elli 2, The. See Ilyssia Compaia Naviera v Ahmed BamaodahElliott Steam Tug Co v Admiralty Commissioners [1921] 1 AC 137; 123 LT 754; 15 Asp MLC 81 8Ellis Shipping Corp v Voest Alpine Intertrading. The Lefthero [1992] 2 Lloyds Rep 109 77Embericos v Reid & Co [1914] 3 KB 45; 111 LT 291; 12 Asp MLC 513 40Emmanuel Colocotronis (No 2), The. See Astro Valiente SA v The Government of PakistanEmpresa Cubana de Fletes v Lagonisi Shipping Co. The Georgios C [1971] 1 QB 588; [1971]

2 WLR 221; [1971] All ER 193; [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 7 94, 103Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc v Hong Kong Producer [1969] 2 Lloyds Rep 536 23, 179, 180, 184,

202ENE Kos v Petroleo Brasileiro [2009] EWHC 1843 (Comm) 107Enichem Anic SpA v Ampelos Shipping Co. The Delfini [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 252 138, 139, 157Enstone Building Products Ltd v Stanger [2002] 2 All ER (Comm) 479 328Epar, The [1985] 2 MLJ 3 185Epsilon Rosa, The. See Welex v Rosa Maritime LtdErechthion, The. See New A Line v Erechthion Shipping CoERG Raffinerie Mediterranee v Chevron USA [2007] 2 Lloyds Rep 542 76Eridania SpA v Rudolf A Oetker. The Fjord Wind [2000] 2 Lloyds Rep 191 190, 290Ert Stefanie, The. See Socit Anonyme des Minerais v Grant Trading IncEsefka International v Central Bank of Nigeria [1979] 1 Lloyds Rep 445 334Esmeralda I, The. See Ace Imports Pty Ltd v Companhia de Navegao Lloyd BrasileiroEugenia, The. See Ocean Tramp Tankers Corp v V/O SovfrachtEurasian Dream, The. See Papera Traders Ltd v Hyundai Merchant MarineEuropa, The [1908] P 84; 98 LT 246; 11 Asp MLC 19 13European Enterprise, The. See Browner International Ltd v Monarch Shipping CoEurymedon, The. See New Zealand Shipping Line v SatterthwaiteEvaggelos Th, The. See Vardinoyannis v Egyptian General Petroleum CoEvera SA v North Shipping Co [1956] 2 Lloyds Rep 367 68

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Evia (No 2), The. See Kodros Shipping Corp v Empresa Cubana de FletesFalconbridge Nickel Mines v Chimo Shipping [1973] 2 Lloyds Rep 469 181, 196Farrandoc, The. See Robin Hood Flour Mills v Paterson & SonsFederal Bulk Carriers Inc v C Itoh & Co. The Federal Bulker [1989] 1 Lloyds Rep 103 249Federal Commerce & Navigation Co v Molena Alpha Inc. The Nanfri, The Benfri, The Lorfri [1979]

AC 757; [1978] 3 WLR 991; [1979] 1 All ER 307; [1979] 1 Lloyds Rep 201; affirming [1978]QB 927; [1978] 3 WLR 309; [1978] 3 All ER 1006; [1978] 2 Lloyds Rep 132 CA 100, 101,102, 107, 289, 308, 346

Federal Commerce & Navigation Co v Tradax Export. The Maratha Envoy [1978] AC 1; [1977] 3 WLR 126; [1977] 2 All ER 849; [1977] 2 Lloyds Rep 301 55, 56

Federal Voyager, The [1955] AMC 880 91Fehmarn (Cargo Owners) v Fehmarn (Owners). The Fehmarn [1958] 1 WLR 159; [1958] 1 All

ER 333; [1957] 2 Lloyds Rep 551 316Fehmarn, The [1964] 1 Lloyds Rep 355 187Fercometal v MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co. The Simona [1986] 1 Lloyds Rep 171; [1987]

2 Lloyds Rep 236 61Fetim BV v Oceanspeed Shipping Co. The Flecha [1999] 1 Lloyds Rep 612 247Fibrosa Spolka v Fairbairn Lawson [1943] AC 32; [1942] 2 All ER 122; 73 LlLR 45 40, 43, 44,

45, 293Fidelitas Shipping Co v V/O Exportchleb [1963] 2 Lloyds Rep 113 248, 309Field Line (Cardiff) Ltd v South Atlantic Line 201 F 301 109Fina Samco, The. See International Fina Services v Katrina ShippingFinlay v Liverpool & Great Western SS Co (1870) 23 LT 251 270Finlay (James) & Co Ltd v Kwik Hoo Tong [1929] 1 KB 400; 32 LlLR 245; 17 Asp MLC 566 361Finnrose, The. See Fort Sterling Ltd v South Atlantic Cargo ShippingFinska v Westfield Paper Co [1940] 4 All ER 473; 68 LlLR 75 250Fiona, The. See Mediterranean Freight Services v BP Oil InternationalFiona Trust & Holding Corp v Privalov [2008] 1 Lloyds Rep 254; [2007] 4 All ER 951 335Fisher Renwick & Co v Calder & Co (1896) 1 Com Cas 456 120Fjord Wind, The. See Eridania SpA v Rudolf A OetkerFjordaas, The. See K/S Arnt J Moerland v Kuwait Petroleum CorpFKI Engineering Ltd v De Wind Holdings [2008] EWCA Civ 316 322Flecha, The. See Fetim BV v Oceanspeed Shipping CoFletcher v Tayleur (1855) 17 CB 21; 9 LT 88; 139 ER 973 354Fletcher (W&R) Ltd v Sigurd Haavik Aksjeselskap. The Vikfrost [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 560 245Fontevivo, The. See Gem Shipping Co v BabanftForeman & Ellams v Federal SN Co [1928] 2 KB 424; 30 LlLR 52; 17 Asp MLC 447 20, 209, 275Forestships International Ltd v Armonia Shipping & Finance Co. The Ira [1995] 1 Lloyds Rep 103

98Forsythe International v Silver Shipping Co. The Saetta [1994] 1 WLR 1334; [1994] 1 All ER 851;

[1993] 2 Lloyds Rep 268 108Fort Sterling Ltd v South Atlantic Cargo Shipping. The Finnrose [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 559 204Forum Craftsman, The [1985] 1 Lloyds Rep 291 150Forum Craftsman, The (1991). See Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines v Ierax Shipping CoFoscolo, Mango v Stag Line see Stag Line v Foscolo, MangoFramlington Court, The [1934] AMC 272 11Frances Hammer, The [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 305 268Frances Salman, The [1975] 2 Lloyds Rep 355 274Frank Pais, The [1986] 1 Lloyds Rep 529 316Fraser River v Can-Dive Services [2000] 1 Lloyds Rep 199 152, 154

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Freeman v Taylor (1831) 8 Bing 124 16French v Newgass (1878) 3 CPD 163; 38 LT 164; 3 Asp MLC 574 89French Marine v Compagnie Napolitaine [1921] 2 AC 494; 8 LlLR 345; 15 Asp MLC 358 44Frenkel v MacAndrews [1929] AC 545; 33 LlLR 191; 17 Asp MLC 582 16, 20Friso, The [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 469 11, 187Front Commander, The. See Tidebrook Maritime Corp v VitolFrost v Knight (1872) LR 7 Ex 111 346, 347Furness Withy (Australia) Pty v Metal Distributors. The Amazonia [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 236 185Furness Withy & Co v Rederiaktiebolaget Banco [1917] 2 KB 873; 117 LT 313; 14 Asp MLC 137 269Fury Shipping Co v State Trading Corp of India (The Atlantic Sun) [1972] 1 Lloyds Rep 509 79Fyffes Group Ltd v Reefer Express Lines Pty. The Kriti Rex [1996] 2 Lloyds Rep 171 13, 15Gadsden v Australian Coastal Shipping Commission [1977] 1 NSWLR 575 150, 246Galatia, The. See Golodetz & Co v Czarnikow-Rionda CoGalaxia Maritime SA v Mineralimportexport. The Eletherios [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 351 335Galaxy Energy International v Novorossiysk Shipping. The Petr Schmidt [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 60Gangway Ltd v Caledonian Park Investments [2001] 2 Lloyds Rep 715 333, 335Garbis Maritime Corp v Philippine National Oil Co (The Garbis) [1982] 2 Lloyds Rep 283 245,

252Garcia & Diaz v Maguire Inc [1936] AMC 584 63Garden City (No 2), The. See Polish Steamship Co v Atlantic Maritime CoGardner v Trechman (1884) 15 QBD 154; 5 Asp MLC 558 248, 304Garnham, Harris & Elton Ltd v Alfred W Ellis (Transport) Ltd [1967] 1 WLR 940; [1967] 2 All ER

940; [1967] 2 Lloyds Rep 22 148Gasser v MISAT [2004] 1 Lloyds Rep 222 322Gatliffe v Bourne (1838) 4 Bing NC 314; affirmed (1841) 133 ER 1298 81Gatoil Anstalt v Omennial Ltd. The Balder London [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 489 104Gatoil Anstalt v Omennial Ltd. The Balder London [1983] 1 Lloyds Rep 492 364Gebr Broere v Saras Chemica [1982] 2 Lloyds Rep 436 73Gebr van Weelde Scheepvaart Kantoor BV v Homeric Marine Services Ltd. The Agrabele [1979] 2

Lloyds Rep 117 334Geipel v Smith (1872) LR 7 QB 404; 26 LT 361; 1 Asp MLC 268 269Gem Shipping Co v Babanft. The Fontevivo [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 339 74General Electric Co v Lady Sophie [1979] 2 Lloyds Rep 173 195General Star v Stirling Cooke Brown [2003] 1 Lloyds Rep 19 318General Trades Enterprises & Agencies v Consorcio Pesquero Del Peru [1974] AMC 2343 209Genie, The. See Third Chandris Shipping Corp v Unimarine SAGeogas SA v Trammo Gas Ltd. The Baleares [1991] 1 WLR 776; [1991] 3 All ER 554; [1991] 2

Lloyds Rep 318 342Georgian Maritime Corp v Sealand Industries (Bermuda) Ltd. The North Sea [1999] 1 Lloyds

Rep 21 67Georgios C, The. See Empresa Cubana de Fletes v Lagonisi Shipping CoGerber & Co Inc v The Sabine Howaldt. The Sabine Howaldt [1971] 2 Lloyds Rep 78 266Giannis NK, The. See Effort Shipping Co v Linden ManagementGiannis Xilas, The. See Cargill Inc v Rionda de Pass LtdGilchrist Watt v York Products [1970] 1 WLR 1262; [1970] 3 All ER 825; [1970] 2 Lloyds Rep 1

149Giles v Morris [1972] 1 All ER 960 364Gill & Duffus v Rionda Futures [1994] 2 Lloyds Rep 67 60, 248Gill & Duffus v Scruttons [1953] 1 WLR 1407; [1953] 2 All ER 977; [1953] 2 Lloyds Rep 545 83Gill & Duffus v Socit pour LExportation des Sucres [1986] 1 Lloyds Rep 322 350

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Giovanna, The. See Gulf Interstate Oil Corp v Ant Trade & Transport LtdGlaholm v Hays (1841) 2 Man & G 257; 8 LT 93; 133 ER 743 65Glebe Island Terminals Pty v Continental Seagram Pty. The Antwerpen [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 213 156Glencore Grain Ltd v Flacker Shipping Ltd. The Happy Day [2002] 2 Lloyds Rep 487 59Glencore Grain Ltd v Goldbeam Shipping Inc. The Mass Glory [2002] 2 Lloyds Rep 244 54, 58, 59Glendarroch, The [1894] P 226; 70 LT 344; 7 Asp MLC 420 192, 280Glendevon, The [1893] P 269; 70 LT 416; 7 Asp MLC 439 79Glenochil, The [1896] P 10; 73 LT 416; 8 Asp MLC 218 274Glyn, Mills & Co v East & West India Dock Co (1882) 7 App Cas 591; [188185] All ER 674; 4

Asp MLC 580 82, 135, 155Glyn v Margetson [1893] AC 351 19Golden Fleece Maritime Inc v St Shipping & Transport Corp [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 119 11Golden Strait Corp v Nippon Yusen Kubishika Kaisha [2007] 2 Lloyds Rep 164 360Golodetz & Co v Czarnikow-Rionda. The Galatia [1980] 1 WLR 495; [1980] 1 All ER 501; [1980]

1 Lloyds Rep 453 123Good v Isaacs [1892] 2 QB 555; 67 LT 450; 7 Asp MLC 212 72, 74Goodwin, Ferreira v Lamport & Holt (1929) 141 LT 494; 34 LlLR 192; 18 Asp MLC 38 181, 195,

278Gordon Steamship Co v Moxey (1913) 108 LT 808; 12 Asp MLC 339; 18 Com Cas 170 69Gosse Millerd v Canadian Government Merchant Marine [1927] 2 KB 432; [1929] AC 223;

[1928] All ER 97; 32 LlLR 91; 17 Asp MLC 549 192, 273, 274Gould v SE & C Ry [1920] 2 KB 186; 123 LT 256 272Grace v General SN Co [1950] 2 KB 383; [1950] 1 All ER 201; 83 LlLR 297 26, 110Grace Line, Complaint of [1974] AMC 1253 274Grange & Co v Taylor (1904) 90 LT 486; 9 Asp MLC 559; 20 TLR 386 84Grant v Norway (1851) 10 CB 665; 20 LJCP 93 120, 121, 123, 129Grant v Coverdale (1884) 9 App Cas 470; 51 LT 472; 5 Asp MLC 353 68, 69Gray & Co v Christie (1889) 5 TLR 577 91Great China Metal Industries v Malaysian International Shipping Corp. The Bunga Seroja [1999]

1 Lloyds Rep 512 266Great Northern Rly Co v LEP Transport [1922] 2 KB 742 34Greenwich Marine Inc v Federal Commerce & Navigation Co. The Mavro Vetranic [1985] 1 Lloyds

Rep 580 350Gregos, The. See Torvald Klaveness A/S v Arni Maritime CorpGrimaldi Compagnia di Navigazione v Sekihyo Lines Ltd. The Seki Rolette [1998] 2 Lloyds

Rep 638; [1998] 2 All ER 943 205, 213, 214Gudermes, The. See Mitsui & Co v Novorossisk Shipping CoGuinomar of Conakry v Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance. The Kamsar Voyager [2002] 2 Lloyds

Rep 57 190Gulf Azov Shipping Ltd v Idisi [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 727 332Gulf Interstate Oil Corp v Ant Trade & Transport Ltd. The Giovanna [1999] 1 Lloyds Rep 867

333, 334Gulf Italia v American Export Lines [1958] AMC 439 196Gulf Steel v Al Khalifa Shipping Co [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 261 245Gullischen v Stewart (1884) 11 QBD 186; 13 QBD 317 298Gundulic, The. See Itoh & Co Ltd v Atlantska PlovidbaGunnstein A/S v Jensen, Krebs & Nielson. The Alfa Nord [1977] 2 Lloyds Rep 434 295Hadji Ali Akbar v Anglo-Arabian SS Co (1906) 11 Com Cas 219; 95 LT 610; 10 Asp

MLC 307 20Hadjitsakos, The. See Pilgrim Shipping v State Trading Corp of India

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Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Ex 341 220, 353, 354, 356Hain SS Co v Sociedad Anonima Commercial (No 2) (1934) 151 LT 305; 49 LlLR 86 72Hain Steamship Co v Tate & Lyle (1936) 2 All ER 597; 19 Asp MLC 62; 55 LlLR 159; 41 Com

Cas 350 21, 23, 24, 252, 280, 292, 303, 352Halki, The. See Halki Shipping Corp v Sopex Oils LtdHalki Shipping Corp v Sopex Oils Ltd. The Halki [1998] 1 WLR 726; [1998] 2 All ER 23; [1998]

1 Lloyds Rep 49 343Hamburg Star, The [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 399 143, 318Hamed el Chiaty & Co v The Thomas Cook Group Ltd. The Nile Rhapsody [1994] 1 Lloyds

Rep 382 316Hamilton v Mackie (1889) 5 TLR 677 249Hamilton Fraser & Co v Pandorf & Co (1887) 12 App Cas 518; 57 LT 726; [188690] All ER 220;

6 Asp MLC 212 266, 279Hand v Baynes (1839) 4 Whart 204 18Hansen v Harrold Bros [1894] 1 QB 612; 70 LT 475; 7 Asp MLC 464 290Happy Day, The. See Glencore Grain Ltd v Flacker Shipping LtdHappy Ranger, The. See Parsons Corp v CV ScheepvaartondernemingHarris v Best (1892) 68 LT 76; 7 Asp MLC 272 76Hartford Fire Insurance v Pacific Far East Line. The Pacific Bear [1974] 1 Lloyds Rep 359 198Havhelt, The [1993] 1 Lloyds Rep 523 317Heathfield SS Co v Rodenacher (1896) 1 Com Cas 446 71Hector, The [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 287 246Heinrich C Horn v Cia de Navegacion Fruco [1969] AMC 1495 11Heinrich Horn, The [1971] AMC 362 27Helle Skou, The [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 205 60Hellenic Dolphin, The [1978] 2 Lloyds Rep 336 187, 190, 191, 279Hellenic Steel Co v Svolamar Shipping Co. The Komninos S [1991] 1 Lloyds Rep 371 185Helvetia-S, The [1960] 3 Lloyds Rep 540 66Henriksens Rederi A/S v Rolimpex. The Brede [1974] QB 233; [1973] 3 WLR 556; [1973] 3 All

ER 589; [1973] 2 Lloyds Rep 333 100, 207, 290, 291Herceg Novi, The [1998] 2 Lloyds Rep 454; [1998] 4 All ER 238 283, 319Hermine, The. See Unitramp v Garnac Grain Co IncHermosa, The [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 638 13, 40, 212Hermosa, The [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 570 14Heron II, The. See Koufos v CzarnikowHerrroe and Askoe, The [1986] 2 Lloyds Rep 281 120Heskell v Continental Express (1950) 83 LlLR 438; [1950] 1 All ER 1033 121, 358Heyman v Darwins [1942] AC 356; [1942] 1 All ER 337; 72 LlLR 65 44, 344, 347, 351, 353Heyn v Ocean Steamship Co (1927) 137 LT 158; 27 LlLR 334 278Hick v Raymond [1893] AC 22; 68 LT 175; 7 Asp MLC 233 15, 72, 74Hicks v Shield (1857) 7 E & B 633; 119 ER 1380 294Hildebrand v Geneva Mills Co [1929] AMC 971 65Hill Harmony, The. See Whistler International Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha LtdHingston v Wendt (1876) 1 QBD 367; 34 LT 181; 3 Asp MLC 126 303Himalaya, The. See Adler v DicksonHirji Mulji v Cheong Yue SS Co [1926] AC 497; 134 LT 737; 17 Asp MLC 8 23, 44Hispanica de Petroleos v Vencedora Oceanica Navegacion. The Kapetan Markos [1986] 1 Lloyds

Rep 211 206Hochster v De la Tour (1853) 2 E & B 678; [184360] All ER Rep 12; 118 ER 922 346Hoegh v Green Truck Sales Inc [1962] AMC 431 181

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Hogarth v Miller Bros & Co [1891] AC 48; 64 LT 205; 7 Asp MLC 1 98Hollandia, The. See Morviken, TheHomburg Houtimport v Agrosin Private Ltd. The Starsin [2000] 1 Lloyds Rep 85; on appeal

[2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 437; HL [2003] 1 Lloyds Rep 571 143, 150, 151, 246, 247Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] 2 QB 26; [1962] 2 WLR 474; [1962]

1 All ER 474; [1961] 2 Lloyds Rep 478 11, 14, 15, 348, 350, 351Horn Linie v Panamericana Formas. The Hornbay [2006] 2 Lloyds Rep 44; [2006] 2 All

ER (Comm) 924 151, 316, 327Hornbay, The. See Horn Linie v Panamericana FormasHorsley v Price (1883) 11 QBD 244; 49 LT 101; 5 Asp MLC 106 64Horst v Biddell Bros [1912] AC 18 135Houda, The. See Kuwait Petroleum Corp v I & D Oil CarriersHoulder v Weir [1905] 2 KB 267; 92 LT 861; 10 Asp MLC 81 73, 74Hourani v Harrison (1927) 137 LT 549; 28 LlLR 120; 17 Asp MLC 294; 32 Com Cas 305 278Hoyanger, The. See Westcoast Food Brokers Ltd v The Ship HoyangerHR Macmillan, The [1974] 1 Lloyds Rep 311 98, 99Hudson v Ede (1868) LR 3 QB 412; 18 LT 764 69Hunter v Prinsep (1808) 10 East 378; 103 ER 818 290, 296Hurley Lumber Co v Cia San Gerassimo [1958] AMC 2502 88Hyundai Merchant Marine v Furnace Withy (Australia) Ltd. The Doric Pride [2006] 2 Lloyds

Rep 175 97Hyundai Merchant Marine Co v Gesuri Chartering Co Ltd. The Peonia [1991] 1 Lloyds

Rep 100 92, 93Ikariada, The. See Orinoco Navigation Ltd v EcotradeIlyssia Compania Naviera SA v Ahmed Bamaodah. The Elli 2 [1985] 1 Lloyds Rep 107 141Imvros, The. See Transocean Liners v Euxine Shipping LtdInca Co Naviera SA v Mofinol Inc. The President Brand [1967] 2 Lloyds Rep 338 57Independent Petroleum Group v Seacarriers Ltd [2008] 1 Lloyds Rep 72; [2007] 1 All ER

(Comm) 882 26, 28Indian Grace No 2, The [1998] AC 878; [1997] 3 WLR 818; [1997] 4 All ER 380; [1998] 1 Lloyds

Rep 1 331Ines, The. See MB Pyramid Sound v Briese Schiffahrts GmbHIngram & Royle v Services Maritime du Treport [1914] 1 KB 541; 109 LT 733; 12 Asp MLC 387 10Insurance Co v Lloyds Syndicate [1995] 1 Lloyds Rep 272 336Insurance Company of N America v Blue Star Ltd [1997] AMC 2434 219Interbulk Ltd v Aiden Shipping Co. The Vimeira [1983] 2 Lloyds Rep 424 342Interbulk Ltd v Ponte Dei Sospiri Shipping Co. The Standard Ardour [1988] 2 Lloyds Rep 159 213Intercontainer SC v Bulkenende Oosthuiven BV (ECJ) C133/08 judgment 6 October 2009 327International Bulk Carriers v Evlogia Shipping Co. The Mihalios Xilas [1978] 2 Lloyds Rep 186

107, 306International Fina Services v Katrina Shipping Ltd. The Fina Samco [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 153 99International Packers v Ocean Steamship Co [1955] 2 Lloyds Rep 218 13International Produce Inc v Frances Salman [1975] AMC 1521 244International Sea Tankers Inc v Hemisphere Shipping Co. The Wenjiang [1982] 1 Lloyds

Rep 128 41Internationale Guano v MacAndrew [1909] 2 KB 360; 100 LT 850; 11 Asp MLC 271 22, 23Inverkip SS Co v Bunge y Born [1917] 2 KB 193 76Ion, The [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 541 207Ionia (No 2), The (1905) 135 Fed Rep 317 54Ionian Navigation v Atlantic Shipping. The Loucas N [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 215 57

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Ira, The. See Forestships International v Armonia Shipping & Finance CorpIran Bohonar, The. See Continental Grain Co v Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping LinesIran Vojdan, The. See Dubai Electricity Co v Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping LinesIraqi Ministry of Defence v Arcepey Shipping Co SA. The Angel Bell [1981] QB 65; [1980]

2 WLR 488; [1980] 1 All ER 480; [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 632 333, 335Irbenskiy Proliv, The. See Mitsubishi Corp v Eastwind Transport LtdIrini A (No 2), The. See Ascot Commodities v Northern Pacific ShippingIrenes Success, The. See Schiffahrt und Kohlen GmbH v Chelsea Maritime LtdIsabelle, The. See Cosmar Compania Naviera SA v Total Transport CorpIslamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines v Ierax Shipping Co. The Forum Craftsman [1991]

1 Lloyds Rep 81 78Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines v Royal Bank of Scotland. The Anna CH [1987] 1 Lloyds

Rep 266 77Island Archon, The. See Triad Shipping v Stellar CharteringIslander Shipping Enterprises v Empresa Maritime del Estado. The Khian Sea [1979] 1 Lloyds

Rep 545 27ISS Machinery Services Ltd v Aeolian Shipping. The Aeolian [2001] 2 Lloyds Rep 641 327Italmare Shipping Co v Ocean Tanker Co. The Rio Sun [1982] 1 WLR 158; [1982] 1 All ER 517;

[1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 404 107Itex Itagrani Export SA v Care Shipping Corp. The Cebu (No 2) [1990] 2 Lloyds Rep 316 306Itoh & Co Ltd v Atlantska Plovidba. The Gundulic [1981] 2 Lloyds Rep 418 10Jackson v Union Marine Ins Co (1874) LR 10 CP 125; [187480] All ER 317; 2 Asp MLC 435 40,

43, 65Jardine, Matheson & Co v Clyde Shipping Co [1910] 1 KB 627; 102 LT 462; 11 Asp

MLC 384 71Jarl Tra AB v Convoys Ltd [2003] 2 Lloyds Rep 459 147Jindal Iron & Steel Co Ltd v Islamic Solidarity Shipping Co. The Jordan II [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 57

192, 231Jocelyne, The [1977] 2 Lloyds Rep 121 243Johanna Oldendorff, The. See Oldendorff & Co v Tradax Export SAJohn Michalos, The. See President of India v NG Livanos Maritime CoJohnny, The. See Arta Shipping v Thai Europe Tapioca Shipping ServiceJohnson Matthey & Co v Constantine Terminals [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 215 148Jones v Bencher [1986] 1 Lloyds Rep 54 204Jones v Flying Clipper (1954) 116 Fed Supp 386; [1954] 1 AMC 259 16, 23, 179, 202Jordan II, The. See Jindal Iron & Steel Ltd v Islamic Solidarity Shipping CoKaines (UK) Ltd v Osterreichische [1993] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 361Kalamazoo Paper Co v CPR Co [1950] 2 DLR 369 275Kalliopi A, The. See Marc Rich & Co v Touloti Compaia Naviera SAKalma, The. See Melvin International v Poseidon SchiffahrtKamil Export v NPL (Aust) Ltd v NPL (Australia) Ltd (1992) unreported 156Kamsar Voyager, The. See Guinomar of Conakry v Samsung Fire & Marine InsuranceKanchenjunga, The. See Motor Oil Hellas Refineries SA v Shipping Corp of IndiaKapetan Markos, The. See Hispanica de Petroleos v Vencedora Oceanica NavegacionKapitan Petko Voivoda, The. See Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd v Klipriver Shipping LtdKapitan Sakharov, The. See Northern Shipping Co v Deutsche SeereedereiKarlshamns Olje Fabriker v Eastport Navigation Corp. The Elafi [1982] 1 All ER 208; [1981]

2 Lloyds Rep 679 143Kaukomarkkinat O/Y v Elbe Transport. The Kelo [1985] 2 Lloyds Rep 85 141Kelo, The. See Kaukomarkkinat O/Y v Elbe Transport

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Kenya Railways v Antares Co Ltd. The Antares [1987] 1 Lloyds Rep 424 21, 23, 157, 180, 185,203, 204, 205, 244

Keppel Tatlee Bank Ltd v Bandung Shipping [2003] 1 Lloyds Rep 619 137, 138Kerman, The [1982] 2 WLR 166; [1982] 1 All ER 616; [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 62 342KH Enterprise v The Pioneer Container. The Pioneer Container [1994] 2 AC 324; [1994] 2 All

ER 250; [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 593 145, 146, 147, 148, 149Khian Sea, The. See Islander Shipping Enterprises v Empresa Maritima Del EstadoKish v Cory (1875) 10 QB 553; 32 LT 670; 2 Asp MLC 593 308Kish v Taylor [1912] AC 604; [191113] All ER 481; 12 Asp MLC 217 11, 18, 248, 297Kislovodsk, The [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 183 317Kitchener v Venus (1859) 1 Moo PC 361 304Kitsa, The. See Action Navigation Inc v Bottiglieri Di NavigazioneKleinwort Sons & Co v Associated Automatic Machines Corp Ltd (1935) 151 LT 1 121Knutsford SS v Tillmans [1908] AC 406; [190810] All ER 549; 11 Asp MLC 105 245Koch Marine Inc v DAmica Societ di Navigazione. The Elena dAmico [1980] 1 Lloyds Rep 75

355, 361Kodros Shipping Corp v Empresa Cubana de Fletes. The Evia (No 2) [1983] 1 AC 736; [1982]

3 WLR 637; [1982] 3 All ER 350; [1982] 2 Lloyds Rep 307 26, 28, 30, 31, 41Komninos S, The. See Hellenic Steel Co v Svolamar Shipping CoKonkola Copper Mines v Coromin Ltd [2006] 1 All ER (Comm) 437; [2006] 1 Lloyds Rep 410 313Kopitoff v Wilson (1876) 1 QBD 377; 34 LT 677; 3 Asp MLC 163 9Kostas Melas, The. See SL Sethia Liners Ltd v Naviagro Maritime CorpKoufos v Czarnikow [1969] 1 AC 350; [1967] 3 WLR 1491; sub nom Koufos v Czarnikow. The

Heron II [1967] 3 All ER 686; sub nom Czarnikow v Koufos [1967] 2 Lloyds Rep 457 354,355, 358

Kriti Akti Shipping Co v Petroleo Brasiliero [2004] 2 All ER (Comm) 396; [2004] 1 Lloyds Rep 712 93

Kriti Rex, The. See Fyffes Group Ltd v Reefer Express Lines PtyKronos Worldwide Ltd v Sempra Oil Trading [2004] 1 Lloyds Rep 260 53Kruger v Moel Tryvan Ship Co Ltd [1907] AC 272; 97 LT 143; 10 Asp MLC 465 109, 110, 245Kruse v Questier & Co [1953] 1 QB 669; [1953] 2 WLR 850; [1953] 1 All ER 954; [1953]

1 Lloyds Rep 310 44K/S Arnt J Moerland v Kuwait Petroleum Corp. The Fjordaas [1988] 1 Lloyds Rep 336 56, 58K/S Penta Shipping A/S v Ethiopian Shipping Lines. The Saga Cob [1992] 2 Lloyds Rep 545 26K/S Seateam & Co v Iraq National Oil Co. The Sevonia Team [1983] 2 Lloyds Rep 640 251Kulmerland, The. See Royal Typewriter Co v MV KulmerlandKum v Wah Tat Bank Ltd [1971] AC 439 132Kurt A Becher v Roplak Enterprises. The World Navigator [1991] 2 Lloyds Rep 23 75Kuwait Petroleum Corp v I & D Oil Carriers. The Houda [1994] 2 Lloyds Rep 541 110, 157Kuwait Supply Co v Oyster Marine Management Inc. The Safeer [1994] 1 Lloyds Rep 637 43, 342Kyzikos, The. See Seacrystal Shipping Co v Bulk Transport Group Shipping CoLaconia, The. See Mardorf Peach & Co v Attica Sea CarriersLaconian Confidence, The. See Andre et Cie v Orient ShippingLady Gwendolen, The [1965] P 294; [1965] 3 WLR 91; [1965] 2 All ER 283; [1965] 1 Lloyds

Rep 335 276, 288Laemthong Glory No 2, The. See Laemthong International Lines v ArtisLaemthong International Lines v Artis. The Laemthong Glory No. 2 [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 688 153Laga, The [1966] 1 Lloyds Rep 582 271Lakeport Navigation Co v Anonima Petroli Italiana. The Olympic Brilliance [1982] 2 Lloyds

Rep 206 291

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Lancaster, The. See Ellerman Lines Ltd v Lancaster Maritime Co LtdLansat Shipping Co v Glenmore Grain. The Paragon [2009] 1 Lloyds Rep 658; [2009] 2 All

ER (Comm) 12 93, 363Larrinaga SS Co v R [1945] AC 246; 172 LT 177; [1945] 1 All ER 329 110Laura Prima, The. See Nereide SpA di Navigazione v Bulk Oil InternationalLauritzen AS v Wijsmuller. The Super Servant Two [1990] 1 Lloyds Rep 1 43, 44, 346Lauritzen Reefers v Ocean Reef Transport Ltd. The Bukhta Russkaya [1997] 2 Lloyds Rep 744 210Lauritzencool v Lady Navigation Inc [2005] 2 Lloyds Rep 63 365Lazenby v McNicholas Construction Co [1995] 3 All ER 820; [1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 30 345Leach & Co v Royal Mail Steam Packet Co (1910) 104 LT 319; 11 Asp MLC 587; 16 Com

Cas 143 80Leduc v Ward (1888) 20 QBD 475; 58 LT 908 20, 24, 130, 131, 132Lee Cooper v Jeakins [1967] 2 QB 1; [1965] 1 All ER 280; [1964] 1 Lloyds Rep 300 149Leeds Shipping Co v Socit Franaise Bunge. The Eastern City [1958] 2 Lloyds Rep 127 26Leesh River Tea Co v British India SN Co [1967] 2 QB 250; [1966] 3 WLR 642; [1966] 3 All

ER 593; [1966] 2 Lloyds Rep 193 188, 195, 278Lefthero, The. See Ellis Shipping Corp v Voest Alpine IntertradingLeigh & Sillivan Ltd v Aliakmon Shipping Co. The Aliakmon [1986] AC 785; [1986] 2 WLR 902;

[1986] 2 All ER 145; [1986] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 143, 144, 299Lendoudis Evangelos II, The. See Continental Pacific Shipping v Deemand ShippingLeni, The. See Transworld Oil Inc v Minos CNLennards Carrying Co v Asiatic Petroleum Co [1915] AC 705; 113 LT 195; 13 Asp MLC 81 276, 288Lennox Lewis v King [2006] EWCA Civ 1329 319Lensen Shipping Co Ltd v Anglo-Soviet Shipping Co (1935) 52 LlLR 141, 40 Com Cas 320 97, 109Leon, The. See Leon Corporation v Atlantic Lines & Navigation Co IncLeon Corporation v Atlantic Lines & Navigation Co Inc. The Leon [1985] 2 Lloyds Rep 470 101Leonidas, The. See Bayoil v Seawind Tankers CorpLeonis SS Co v Rank Ltd (No 1) [1908] 1 KB 499; 13 Com Cas 136 54, 58, 80Leonis SS Co v Rank Ltd (No 2) (1908) 13 Com Cas 295; 11 Asp MLC 142 271LEP International v Atlanttrafic Express [1987] 10 NSWLR 614 245Leval v Colonial Steamships [1961] 1 Lloyds Rep 560 275Li Hai, The. See Western Bulk Carriers v Li Hai Maritime IncLibyaville, The [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 537 106Lilly v Stevenson (1895) 22 Sess Cas (4th Ser) 278 76, 77Limerick SS Co v Stott [1921] 2 KB 613; 125 LT 516; 15 Asp MLC 323, 7 LlLR 69 26, 111Linardos, The. See Cobelfret NV v Cyclades Shipping CoLindsay v Gibbs (1859) 22 Beav 522; 52 ER 1209 301Linea Naviera Paramaconi v Abnormal Load Engineering [2001] 1 Lloyds Rep 763 205Liner Shipping Ltd v Vatis. The Sun [1997] 2 Lloyds Rep 314 108Lipa, The. See Losinjska Plovidba Brodarstovo v Valfracht Maritime LtdLips, The. See President of India v Lips Maritime CorpLisboa, The [1980] 2 Lloyds Rep 546 316Livanita, The [2008] 1 Lloyds Rep 86 62Liver Alkali Co v Johnson (1874) LR 9 Ex 338; 31 LT 95; 2 Asp MLC 332 264Lloyd v Guibert (1865) 39 LJQB 241; LR 1 QB 115; 13 LT 605 326Loch Dee, The [1949] 2 KB 430; 82 LlLR 430 74, 270Lodza Compania de Navigacione SA v Government of Ceylon. The Theraios [1971] 1 Lloyds

Rep 209 72, 73, 75London Drugs v Kuehne & Nagel (1993) 97 DLR (4th) 261 151London Explorer, The [1972] AC 1; [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 523 91, 92

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Longford, The (1889) 14 PD 34 332Lord Strathcona Steamship Co v Dominion Coal Co [1926] AC 108; [1925] All ER Rep 87; 134

LT 227; 16 Asp MLC 585 346, 364, 365Lorentzen v White Shipping Co (1943) 74 LlLR 161 89Lorna I, The. See Compania Naviera General SA v Kerametal LtdLosinjska Plovidba Brodarstovo v Valfracht Maritime Ltd. The Lipa [2001] 2 Lloyds Rep 17 88Lotus Cars v Southampton Cargo Handling plc. The Rigoletto [2000] 2 Lloyds Rep 532 151Loucas N, The. See Ionian Navigation v Atlantic ShippingLouise, The [1945] AMC 363 18Love & Stewart Ltd v Rowtor Steamship Co Ltd [1916] 2 AC 527; 115 LT 415; 13 Asp MLC 500 243Lubbe v Cape plc [2000] 2 Lloyds Rep 383 319Lucchese v Malabe Shipping Co [1973] AMC 979 197Lucille, The. See Uni-Ocean Lines v C-Trade SALumley v Wagner (1852) 1 D, M & G 604 365Lutetian, The. See Tradax Export v Dorada Compaia NavieraLycaon, The. See Elder Dempster Lines v Zaki IshagLyderhorn SS Co v Duncan, Fox & Co [1909] 2 KB 929; 101 LT 295; 11 Asp MLC 291 61Lyric Shipping Inc v Intermetals Ltd. The Al Taha [1990] 2 Lloyds Rep 117 208MacAndrew v Chapple (1866) LR 1 CP 643; 14 LT 556 16McCarren & Co Ltd v Humber International Transport. The Vechscroon [1982] 1 Lloyds Rep 301

185, 186McCormick v National Motor Insurance (1934) 49 LlLR 361; 40 Com Cas 76 25McFadden v Blue Star Line [1905] 1 KB 697; 93 LT 52; 10 Asp MLC 55 10, 12McIver & Co Ltd v Tate Steamers [1903] 1 KB 362; 8 LT 182; 9 Asp MLC 362 11MacWilliam Co Inc v Mediterranean Shipping Co. The Rafaela S [2005] 1 Lloyds Rep 347 161, 163Madeleine, The. See Cheikh Boutros Selim El-Khoury v Ceylon Shipping LinesMahavir Minerals Ltd v Cho Yang Shipping. The MC Pearl [1997] 1 Lloyds Rep 566 317, 319Mahkutai, The [1996] AC 650; [1996] 3 All ER 502; [1996] 2 Lloyds Rep 1 150, 151, 152, 153Maintop Shipping Co v Bulkindo Lines. The Marinicki [2003] 2 Lloyds Rep 655 26Makedonia, The [1962] P 190; [1962] 3 WLR 343; [1962] 2 All ER 614; [1962] 1 Lloyds Rep 316

11, 187Makefjell, The [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 29 316Manifest Shipping Ltd v Uni-Polaris Insurance Ltd. The Star Sea [1997]1 Lloyds Rep 360 187Mansell Oil Ltd v Troon Storage Tankers [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 384; [2009] EWCA Civ 425; [2009]

2 All ER (Comm) 495 67Maori King (Cargo Owners) v Hughes [1895] 2 QB 550 12Maratha Envoy, The. See Federal Commerce & Navigation Co v Tradax ExportMarbienes v Ferrostaal. The Democritos [1975] 1 Lloyds Rep 386; [1976] 2 Lloyds Rep 149 15,

66, 90, 91, 92, 93, 99Marc Rich & Co Ltd v Tourloti Compania Naviera. The Kalliopi A [1987] 2 Lloyds Rep 263;

[1988] 2 Lloyds Rep 101 77, 263Mardorf Peach & Co v Attica Sea Carriers. The Laconia [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 395; [1977] AC 850;

[1977] 2 WLR 286; [1977] 1 All ER 545; [1977] 1 Lloyds Rep 315 94, 95, 103, 105, 106Maredelanto Compania Naviera SA v Bergbau-Handel GmbH. The Mihalis Angelos [1971] 1 QB

164; [1970] 3 WLR 601; [1970] 3 All ER 125; [1970] 2 Lloyds Rep 43 66, 348, 351Mareva AS, The. See Mareva Navigation v Canadria Armadora SAMareva Compaia Naviera v International Bulk Carriers SA [1975] 2 Lloyds Rep 509 332Mareva Navigation v Canadria Armadora SA. The Mareva AS [1977] 1 Lloyds Rep 368 92, 97Margarine Union v Cambay Prince SS Co [1969] 1 QB 219; [1967] 3 WLR 1569; [1967] 3 All

ER 775; [1967] 2 Lloyds Rep 315 143

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Margaronis Navigation Agency v Peabody [1965] 1 QB 300; [1965] 2 QB 430; [1964] 3 WLR873; [1964] 3 All ER 333; [1964] 2 Lloyds Rep 153 75

Marie Leonhardt, The. See Clipper Maritime Co v MineralimportexportMarika M, The. See Eastern Mediterranean Maritime v UnimarineMarilena P, The. See United States of America v Marilena PMarinicki, The. See Maintop Shipping Co v Bulkindo LinesMarinor, The. See Noranda Inc v Barton (Time Charter) LtdMarion, The [1984] 2 Lloyds Rep 1; sub nom Grand Champion Tankers Ltd v Norpipe A/S [1984]

AC 563; [1984] 2 WLR 942; [1984] 2 All ER 243 275, 276, 288Maritime Bulk Carriers v Carnac Grain Co [1975] AMC 1826 55Maritime National Fish Ltd v Ocean Trawlers [1935] AC 524; 51 LlLR 299; 18 Asp MLC 551 43Marubeni Corp v Welsh Overseas Freighters Ltd. The Welsh Endeavour [1984] 1 Lloyds Rep 400 357Mary Lou, The. See Transoceanic Petroleum Carriers v Cook Industries LtdMashiter v Buller (1807) 1 Camp 84 292Masri v Consolidated Contractors International [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 128; [2008] 2 Lloyds

Rep 301 322, 331Mass Glory, The. See Glencore Grain Ltd v Goldbeam Shipping IncMassalia, The and Massalia (No 2), The. See Socit Franco-Tunisienne v SidermarMata K, The. See Agrosin Pty Ltd v Highway Shipping Co LtdMauritius Oil Refineries v Stolt-Neilson. The Stolt Sydness [1997] 1 Lloyds Rep 273 206, 212, 213Mavro Vetranic, The. See Greenwich Marine Inc v Federal Commerce & Navigation CoMawson SS Co Ltd v Beyer [1914] 1 KB 304; 109 LT 973; 12 Asp MLC 423 79Maxine Footwear Co v Canadian Government Merchant Marine [1959] AC 589; [1959] 3 WLR

232; [1959] 2 All ER 740; [1959] 2 Lloyds Rep 105 12, 187, 277, 280Mayhew Foods v OCL [1984] 1 Lloyds Rep 317 173, 182, 183, 258MB Pyramid Sound v Briese Schiffahrts GmbH. The Ines [1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 144 156, 247MC Pearl, The. See Mahavir Minerals Ltd v Cho Yang ShippingMediterranean Freight Services v BP Oil International. The Fiona [1994] 2 Lloyds Rep 506 207, 209Mediterranean Salvage & Towage Ltd v Seamar Trading [2008] 2 Lloyds Rep 628 25, 32, 63Meling v Minos Shipping Co [1972] 1 Lloyds Rep 458 97Melvin International v Poseidon Schiffahrt. The Kalma [1999] 2 Lloyds Rep 374 90Mendala III Transport v Total Transport Corp. The Wilomi Tanana [1993] 2 Lloyds Rep 41 129Merak, The [1965] P 223; [1965] 2 WLR 250; [1965] 1 All ER 230; [1964] 2 Lloyds Rep 527 206,

212, 249Mercedes Benz v Leiduck [1995] 3 WLR 718; [1995] 3 All ER 929; [1995] 2 Lloyds Rep 417 333Merchant Shipping Co v Armitage (1873) LR 9 QB 99; 29 LT 809; 2 Asp MLC 185 295Meredith Jones & Co v Vangemar Shipping. The Apostolis [1997] 2 Lloyds Rep 241 190, 277Meredith Jones & Co v Vangemar Shipping. The Apostolis (No 2) [1999] 2 Lloyds Rep 292 68Meridian Global Funds v Securities Commission [1956] 3 All ER 918 276, 288Metcalfe v Britannia Ironworks Co (1877) 2 QBD 423; 36 LT 451; 3 Asp MLC 407 63, 64, 289,

296Metula, The [1978] 1 Lloyds Rep 5 290Mexico 1, The. See Transgrain Shipping v Global Transporte OceanicoMicada v Texim [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 742 34Middle East Agency v Waterman [1949] AMC 1403 196Midwest Shipping Co Ltd v Henry Ltd. The Anastasia [1971] 1 Lloyds Rep 375 109Mihalios Xilas, The (1978). See International Bulk Carriers v Evlogia Shipping Co SAMihalios Xilas, The (1979). See China National Foreign Trade Corp v Evlogia Shipping Co SAMihalis Angelos, The. See Maredelanto Compania Naviera SA v Bergbau-HandelMilburn v Jamaica Co [1900] 2 QB 540; 83 LT 321; 9 Asp MLC 122 109

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Millar & Co v Freden [1918] 1 KB 611; 118 LT 522; 14 Asp MLC 247 49Miller v Law Accident Ins Co [1903] 1 KB 712; 88 LT 370;