CARR-14

Pipe Creek Friends Meeting House

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 11-08-2012

-fiNcv 10 300 (Rev. 10-74)

U N I T E D STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IFOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECE,VE0

INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM [DATE ENTERED

' SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

NAME HISTORIC

P I P E CREEK FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE " AND/OR COMMON

PIPE CREEK FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE

LOCATION STREETS NUMBER f r o m Main S t r e e t .

Q u a k e r H i l l R o a d , a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e - h a l f m i l e —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL OISTRICT

U n i o n B r i d g e — VICINITY OF S i x t h STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

Maryland Carroll

CLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE —DISTRICT —PUBLIC ^.OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM

ilBUILDING(S) X.PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL —PARK

—STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE

—SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT X_RELIGIOUS

—OBJECT __IN PROCESS —YES: RESTRICTED —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC

—BEING CONSIDERED X Y E S : UNRESTRICTED .^INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION

—NO —MILITARY —OTHER:

OWNER OF PROPERTY NAMEAmos Davidson, Trustee

Pipe Creek Monthly Meeting, Religious Society of Friends STREETS. NUMBER

Quaker Hill Road CITY. TOWN STATE z i p C O d e

U n i o n B r i d g e — VICINITY OF M a r y l a n d 217 9 1

LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS.ETC.

Frederick County Courthouse STREETS. NUMBER

CITY. TOWN STATE

Frederick Maryland

REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

- — i -

—FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL

DEPOSITORY FOR

SURVEY RECORDS

CITY. TOWN STATE

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DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE

—EXCELLENT —DETERIORATED —UNALTERED J&RIGINALSITE

X_GOOD RUINS XALTERED —MOVED DATE

—FAIR —UNEXPOSED

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Pipe Creek Friends Meeting House is located on Quaker Hill Road, approx­imately one-half mile from Main Street, via Locust Street, Union Bridge, Maryland.

The Meeting House is a one and one-half story brick structure in Flemish bond on a stone foundation. It is three bays wide and three bays deep with a full length porch across two adjoining sides. The once-shingled roof is now tin-covered and there is an interior chimney at one gable end.

The plain style of the structure reflects the conservatism of the Quaker sect. The only decorative work is the segmental arch of headers over the doors and windows. The windows have rough wood slat shutters, either casement or double hinged. The doors are also fabricated of rough wood slats battened together. The porch presently has a shed roof extending from the wall and supported by square posts with slightly chamfered cor­ners . The gable ends are clapboard from the roofline and on one end there is a hinged door in the gable.

A simplified treatment of facades exists with the east and west facades containing a central door with flanking windows; the north facade has a central window with flanking doors; and the south facade has three bays containing windows. Visual activity is provided in the facades by height differences in the openings in the bays—the opening in the central facade on the north, east, and west sides, and on the south facade the central member is higher than the openings in its flanking bays. -.. ,.

The interior was reconstructed in 19 34 due to a fire in October of that year.

A picture taken in the late 1800's shows the original roofline and., a wood­shed at the southwest corner of the Meeting House. On the east side, the shingled roof flares at the point where the brick wall connects with the roof, forming a slight curve which serves as the .poreh roof* This porch roof continues around the south gable end and extends over the woodshed. The effect of this sweeping roofline is characteristically rural, similar to the tobacco barns in Southern Maryland, and is visually appropriate to the architectural design and country setting of the Meeting House.

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SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE--CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

—PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC —COMMUNITY PLANNING —LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE X_REUGION

—1400-1499 —ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC —CONSERVATION —LAW —SCIENCE

—1500 1599 —AGRICULTURE —ECONOMICS —LITERATURE . . —SCULPTURE

—1600-1699 ARCHITECTURE X-EDUCATION —MILITARY _SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN

X.1700-1799 __ART —ENGINEERING —MUSIC —THEATER

—1800-1899 —COMMERCE —EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —PHILOSOPHY —TRANSPORTATION

—1900- —COMMUNICATIONS —INDUSTRY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —OTHER (SPECIFY)

—INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Pipe Creek Friends Meeting House stands in the area of the oldest land grants in Carroll County. In 1731, the patent "Kilfadda" was made to John Tredane, who sold the land to Allen Farquar in 1734. This passed to his son, William Farquar, who in 1772 deeded two acres from the adjoin­ing "Resurvey on Forrest in Need" to the Society of Friends of which he was a member. This branch of the Friends had established themselves in this region circa 1735, an outgrowth of the "Cold Spring Meeting of the Monoquesey" which had been founded sometime before 1730.

The Pipe Creek Friends Meeting included among its members many of the early and prominent families of the surrounding communities. William Farquar was known for his peace-making ability with the Indians. The Friends concern for the community and its future is shown by their early efforts to establish and maintain a school. The school was begun in 1774 and served as the main educational facility for the children since there was no public supported system. Among the students of this school was the American Sculptor William Rinehart. Another nationally prominent figure associated with the Pipe Creek Friends Meeting is Herbert Hoover, whose great-great-grandfather was a member.

The Meeting House was begun in 1771 and completed the next year. Its plain style architecture is indigenous to the religious concepts of the Quakers and also fulfills the functional requirements of the structure. Originally, the interior had vertical sliding doors in the center to separate the women's and men's meetings and yet be able to open the room up when meeting together. A fire in October 1934 destroyed the interior, but the original benches were saved. The exterior features, particularly the original roofline, are a fine example of the mid-Atlantic folk style.

Records of the minutes of the monthly meetings of the Pipe Creek Friends Meeting are almost complete. They are stored in the Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Microfilm copies are in the Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland.

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MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES _ s e e cont inuat ion sheet No. 1 Primary Sources: Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland

Land Records- of 'Frederick County, Maryland Minutes of the Monthly Meetings, Pipe Creek Friends Meeting

Secondary Sources: Carroll County Historical Society, Westminster, Maryland Davidson, Amos Graham. "Pipe Creek Monthly Meeting of the

Religious Society of Friends, Union Bridge, Maryland

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY TWO A C R E S

UTM REFERENCES

A L J i i , i , , i i , j , i , , t B L J I I , 1 , i 1 I - I • 1 • i I ZONE EASTING NORTHING • . . . Z O N E , EASTING . , , . , .NORTHING

c[_u L I , i , , | i , i , | , , l D1 , J i i , -| j• , j L,• j , | , , j VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE

Joseph M. Getty, field historian ORGANIZATION D a t e

Carroll County Committee.. Maryland Historical Trust Jamiaaat 1Q7R STREET& NUMBER TELEPHONE

210 East Main Street (301) 37H-2605 . CITY OR TOWN STATE Zip COde

HejBflmiaatfic Maryland 21157 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION

THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS:

• NATIONAL: 1 STATE LOCAL

As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National. Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665) . I

hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the

criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE • •

TITLE DATE

FOR NPS USE ONLY

THEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER

'.'DATE

OIRECTOR. OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION . ATTEST: DATE

KEEPER OFTHE NATIONAL REGISTER

GPO 888-445

•74)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR IFOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

RECEIVED

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM [DATE ENTERED :

Pipe Creek Friends Meeting House Carroll County,

CONTINUATION SHEET Maryland. ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE l

A Brief History—1772-1971. " Jacobsen, Phebe R. Quaker Records in Maryland., Annapolis Maryland:

Hall of Records Commission, 1967.

PIPE CREEK QUAKERS:

This o u t l i n e h i s t o r y i s concerned with Pipe Creek S e t t l e m e n t , -bu t the movement west by Quakers had been i n i t i a t e d as e a r l y as 1726 by a Tew f a m i l i e s who were a t t r a c t e d to the we l l -wa te red a rea with good s o i l , where the Monocacy meets wi th the Potomac. Information about t h i s a rea soon reached o the r s in S . E . Pennsylvania and Allan Farquhar. acqu i red about 200 A. , in the a rea now known as Union Bridge about .1730. £ He gave t h i s land" to h i s son William and h i s wife Ann.-Other Quaker" f a m i l i e s soon fo l lowed. ^

Following the death of Wil l iam in the 1 7 7 0 ' s , Ann wrote in p a r t , as fo l lows : "He was born in Northern I r e l a n d of S c o t t i s h h e r i t a g e in 1705 and came t o America about the 16th year of h i s age and s e t t l e d in Pennsylvania . In 1735 he removed and s e t t l e d a t Pipe Creek when there fwere few i n h a b i t a n t s , in those p a r t s . "

The. e a r l i e s t r e l i g i o u s ga the r ings were held in the home of the F a r q u h a r s ' . Following the French & Indian War a log meetinghouse was b u i l t n o r t h of L i t t l e Pipe Creek - the exact l o c a t i o n i s not known. The p r e s e n t meetinghouse was b u i l t in 1771. The f i r s t meet ing for

worship tak ing p lace in January 1772. The s i t e of two ac re s was don­a ted by William P. Farquhar , a son of the f i r s t s e t t l e r . The o r i g i n a l deed for the p rope r ty i s in the F r i e n d s ' L ibrary a t Swarthmore C o l l e g e .

fl/iiliam and Ann had a family of s ix sons and t h r e e d a u g h t e r s . Following the Revolu t ionary War many of the g randch i ld ren migrated t o the Northwest T e r r i t o r y , soon t o be known as Ohio. One daugh te r , Susanna, marr ied Solomon Shepherd. They b u i l t dur ing the 1 7 9 0 ' s , the dwell ing known as"Hard Lodging"-when i t was b u i l t i t was r e f e r r e d t o by the neighbors as "Solomon's Fo l ly" because i t i s b u i l t on a huge rock and a l s o because the house was cons idered t o be p r e t e n t i o u s for the p e r i o d .

The F r i e n d s ' School , the l o c a t i o n of which i s unknown a t p r e s e n t , opened about the same time the meetinghouse was b u i l t . The master of t h e schoo l , Joe l Wright , was a we l l - educa ted man as evidenced by h i s surveying r e c o r d s . He "had marr ied E l i zabe th Farquhar , another daughter of William and Ann. He remained with F r i e n d s ' School u n t i l the f i r s t years of the 19th cen tu ry when he r e t i r e d and moved to Ba l t imore . The noted s c u l p t o r , William Rh ineha r t , was a pup i l in the school for a t i m e .

The events of the 19th cen tu ry caused many Quakers to search for new p laces t o l i v e where s l ave ry did not e x i s t . The F r i e n d s ' Meeting dwindled in numbers as the cen tu ry wore on and up t o the p re sen t day, when we have j u s t 18 members.

The i n t e r i o r of the meetinghouse was des t royed by f i r e in 193^4-. Rebui ld ing took p lace the fo l lowing year using lumber from the ad­j o i n i n g woodlot . The e x t e r i o r b r i ck wal l and some of the o r i g i n a l benches a re what remains of the o l d e s t r e l i g i o u s e d i f i c e in c o n t i n ­uous use in the Maryland Piedmont r e g i o n .

Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CARR-14:

(Doc. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES HCAL TRUST INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

MD 2 1 4 0 4 ENTRY NUMBER DATE

' * (Type all entries — complete applicable sections) ! • NAME

COMMON:

A N D / O R H I S T O R I C :

2. L O C A T I O N

S T R E E T AND N U M B E R :

C ITY OR TOWN:

S T A T E „ I CODE ICOUNTY: ' I CODE

3- CLASSIF ICAT ION C A T E G 0 R Y OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC

Distr ict • Building - * - £ T P u b l i c O Public Acquisit ion: Occupied Q--Yes:

Site • Structure f j Private ^ 0 " In Process • Unoccupied D Restricted •

. Both Being Considered Preservation work Unrestricted I I

Object i—| l - J in progress • N o . ^ | - j

PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Agricultural • G o v e r n m e n t Q P a r k Q T r a n s p o r t a t i o n • C o m m e n t s •

Commercial • I n d u s t r i a l • P r i v a t e R e s i d e n c e • Other (Specify) •

Educational • Mi l i t a ry Q R e l i g i o u s Q ^

Entertainment • M u s e u m f j S c i e n t i f i c [~] .

4. OWNER OF P R O P E R T Y

OWN ERS N A M E :

S T R E E T AND N U M B E R :

C i T Y OR TOWN: S T A T E : CODE

5. LOCAJWM~QF"TEOAL DESCRIPTION flFoURTHOUSg, R E G I S T R Y O F D E E D S , E T C :

S T R E E T A N D N U M B E R :

C I T Y OR TOWN: S T A T E CODE

A P P R O X I M A T E A C R E A G E OF N O M I N A T E D P R O P E R T Y :

6. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N IN EXISTING SURVEYS T I T L E OF S U R V E Y :

D A T E O F S U R V E Y : Federa l f l State • County f j L o c a l f j

D E P O S I T O R Y FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

S T R E E T AND N U M B E R :

C ITY OR TOWN: S T A T E : CODE

N, R. FIELD SHEET CARR-14 |8. SIGNIFICANCE

P E R I O D (Check One or More as Appropriate)

Pre-Columbian • 16th Century Q 18th Century {£T 20th Century Q

15th Century • 17th Century Q 19th Century •

S P E C I F I C DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)

AREAS OF SIGN! F I C A N C E fC/ ieck One or More as Appropriate)

Abor iginal Education • Pol i t ica l • Urban Planning •

Prehistoric [~] Engineering • R e l i g i o n / P h i - Other (Specify) •

Historic Industry losophy

Agriculture Q Invention Science Q

Art Q Landscape Sculpture

Commerce Architecture Q Socia l /Human-

Communications Q Literature i tar ian

Conservation Mi I itary Theater

Music Q Transportation f

S T A T E M E N T O F S I G N I F I C A N C E (Include Personages, Dates, Events, Etc.)

N. R. FIELD SHEET CARR-14 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA L A T I T U D E A N D L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S n L A T I T U D E A N D L O N G I T U D E C O O R D I N A T E S

D E F I N I N G A R E C T A N G L E L O C A T I N G T H E P R O P E R T Y U D E F I N I N G T H E C E N T E R P O I N T OF A P R O P E R T Y ft O F LESS T H A N ONE A C R E

C O R N E R L A T I T U D E L O N G I T U D E L A T I T U D E L O N G I T U D E

Degrees M inu tes Seconds Degrees Minu tes Seconds Degrees M inu tes Seconds Degrees M inu tes Seconds

NW ° ' " ° o . . o

N E o o

SE ° ° SW o . . o

L I S T A L L S T A T E S AND C O U N T I E S FOR P R O P E R T I E S O V E R L A P P I N G S T A T E OR C O U N T Y B O U N D A R I E S

STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

IT. FORM PREPARED BY N A M E A N D T I T L E :

ORG AN I Z A T I C { N / D A T E

STREET AND NUMBER:

CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE

12. STATE LIAISON OFFrCER CERTIFICATION NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na-I hereby certify that this property is included in the

tional Historic Preservat ion Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register . in the National Regis ter and certify that it has been

evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation

level of significance of this nomination is : National • State • Local •

Date

Name ATTEST:

Ti t le

Keeper of The National Register

Date _ _ Date

Pipe Creek Friends Meeting House Late 19th century photograph

PIPE CREEK FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE 1975

CARR-14 Pipe Creek Friends' Meeting House 455 Quaker Hill Road, Union Bridge Jennifer K. Cosham, 12 April 2006

Northeast elevation

Southeast elevation

CARR-14 Pipe Creek Friends' Meeting House 455 Quaker Hill Road, Union Bridge Jennifer K. Cosham, 12 April 2006

Southwest elevation