Carpets Toc IV Sem Final

8/12/2019 Carpets Toc IV Sem Final

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Flooring Types

SoftFlooring

Carpet

Rugs

Resilient

HardFlooring

Wood

Stone

Tile


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Resilient Floor Coverings

Flooring with a semi-hard

surface that returns to its

original shape after stress

Warmer and quieter to walk

on

Not quite as durable

Vinyl and plastic laminate
http://www.armstrong.com/resam/na/home/en/us/sbr_detail.asp?sceneId=106.0&sceneTypeId=1


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Resists stains, affordable

Sheet Vinyl

6, 9, 12 foot sheets

Vinyl


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CARPETS

Differentiation

Locking systems of carpets

Types of carpetsMaterials of carpets

Installation of carpet tiles

SpecificationRUGS


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Introduction to Textile.

A textile is a cloth, which is either woven by hand or machine.

"Textile" has traditionally meant, "a woven fabric".

The term comes from the Latin word texere, meaning to

weave

. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, knotting, or pressing

fibres together (felt).

Textiles are often associated with the production of clothing.

Types of textiles include

animal-based material such as wool or silk,

plant-based material such as linen and cotton, and jute,

synthetic material such as polyester,acrylic and rayon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knittinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macram%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macram%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knitting


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CARPETS

A carpet is a textile floorcovering consisting ofdifferent type of layer of"piles.

The pile is generally eithermade from wool or amanmade fibre(polypropylene, nylon orpolyester)

Usually consists of twistedtufts which are often heat-treated to maintain theirstructure.


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Differentiation:

according to locking

according to material


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LOCKING SYSTEM.

The carpet is produced on a loom, quite

similar to woven cloth.

The pile can be plush or berber.

Plush carpet is a cut pile

Berber carpet is a loop pile.

There are new styles of carpet combining thetwo styles called cut and loop carpeting


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CUT PILE..

Cut pile carpet constructions

can be used in both residential

and commercial installations.

Beautifully crafted and colored

yarns add personality to anyroom

Very versatile decoratively,

ideal for casual rooms, kids'

rooms, etc.

Subtle color flecks help hide

soil that might appear between

cleanings


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LOOP PILE.

Rarely used in thehome because of lowcost and reducedcushioning.

Capability of providinglong time use, newerconstructions utilizelarge loops, lower

densities. It's structure makes it

easier to use.


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Sculptured


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Level loop


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MATERIAL..

Acrylic : syntheticmaterial , it is amanmade substance,similar inappearance and feelto wool.

They are washable,and easily can besticked on the floor

with glue.

The price starts from45Rs/sq feet.


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Jute..

Cheapest yet strong.

Make some very

impressive and affordable

floor coverings.

Aesthetic in nature, have

an earthy look with

attractive weaves.

The price starts from

25Rs/sq feet


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Knittedconstructed of knitted yarns held

together with latex backing.


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NeedlepunchMasses of fibers rather than

yarns held together by an interlocking fiber-

punching machine; inexpensive.


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INSTALLATION OF CARPET TILE

Step 1: Mark the Center of the Room

Step 2: Square the Lines

Step 3: Distribute Tiles forEqualEdging

Step 4: Find the Pile Direction

Step 5: Lay the Center Tiles

Step 6: Lay the First Large Square

Step 7: Trim Tiles At the Walls

Step 8: Roll the Floor


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1

65

1

3

1

2

7

4


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Rugs..

A small carpet

woven in a pattern

of colors, typicallyby hand in a

traditional style.


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Carpet Floors Uses


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Carpet is typically installed wall-to-wall to eliminatethe maintenance of hard flooring surfaces aroundthe edge of a carpet. Rugs, on the other hand, are

often used to accentuate a tile or wood floor. Inareas where there is heavy foot traffic, rugs can beused to equalize wear and help prevent tracking ontoother floor coverings.

Carpet offers a number of benefits over hard andresilient flooring materials. Carpet prevents slipping;it provides an additional source of insulation, it hasacoustical propertiesthat can effectively lower noise

levels; and it is the most resilient of all floorcoverings, which is a major benefit to individualswho must remain on their feet for extended periods.


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Carpet Components:

Pile

Primary Backing

Secondary Backing

Padding


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Pile

Pile is the yarn that we see and can readily

touch. The fibers can either be synthetic ornatural in composition.


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Test of Pile Quality:

Pile density; the greater the density of pile, the

better the carpet. Carpet with greater pile density

hold their shape longer and are more resistant to dirt

and stains. One common test of density is to bend apiece of carpet, and if the backing can readily be

seen, the carpet is of an inferior quality.

Face weight; is the weight of the carpets surface

fibers in ounces or grams per square yard. Thegreater the face weight, the higher the quality.


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Height of the pile; longer fibers are better

than shorter fibers.

Amount of twist the pile fibers have receives;

the tighter the twist, the better the carpet.


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Backing

The backing is on the underside of the carpet;it secures the tufts of pile and gives additionalstrength and stability to the carpet. Most

carpets have a double backing, a primarybacking to which the yarn is attached and anouter backing called the secondary backing. Alayer of latex adhesive is sandwiched between

the two layers to seal the pile tufts to theprimary backing.


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Types of Backing:

Jute; a natural fiber imported from India and

Bangladesh,

Polypropylene; a synthetic thermoplastic

resin,

Foam rubber.


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Padding

Padding can be placed under carpet to provide

extra insulation, deaden sound, add comfort,and extend the life of the carpet by serving as

a shock absorber.


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Types of Padding:

Foam rubber

Natural materials such as jute andhair blends.


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Sizes of Carpets:

Broadloom carpets12 feet in width, but can

be ordered up to 15 feet in width.

Carpet runners2 feet to 9 feet in width.

Carpet squares or tiles18 square inches.


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Carpet Maintenance:

Inspection and Prevention

Interim Cleaning Method

Restorative Cleaning Method

Spot Cleaning


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Inspection and Prevention

The most frequent activity, which should occur on a

continual basis. Carpets need to be inspected for

spills and stains, which are far easier to remove if

they are treated before they have a chance to set.Prevention includes the use of mats to absorb dirt

and spills around food preparation areas and the use

of grates, track-off mats, and carpet runners to

absorb dirt and grit and control wear at entrancesand in high-foot-traffic locations.


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Interim Cleaning Method

Interim cleaning methods include carpet

sweeping, vacuuming, bonnet cleaning, and

spot stain removal.

Interim carpet care is absolutely necessary to

remove gritty soil and spots before these

elements become embedded in the carpet,

causing the pile to wear prematurely.


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Restorative Cleaning Methods

Interim cleaning methods do not remove the

gummy, sticky residues and the dry

particulates that have become stuck to them.

Deep cleaning methods must be employed to

restore the carpet to a near original condition.


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Spot Cleaning

Spot and spills call for immediate action. If

allowed to set, many substances can

permanently stain a carpet, especially one

that is made of nylon or wool.


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Carpet Problems:

Pile distortion

Shading

Fading

Wicking

Shedding / pilling


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Pile Distortion

A general term for a number of problems with

the carpets face fibers. Fibers can become

twisted, pilled, crushed, or flared and matted.

Pile distortion occurs when the carpet receivesheavy foot or equipment traffic. Improper

cleaning methods can also cause pile

distortion.


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Shading

Shading occurs when the pile in a carpet is

brushed in two different directions so that

dark and light areas appear.

Shading is normal feature of almost all

carpets/Vacuuming or pile lifting the carpet in

one direction can help to reduce a shading

problem, but will probably not eliminate it.


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Fading

Every carpet will fade with time. Sunlight,wear, cleaning, and natural aging can combineto accelerate color loss.

Premature fading may occur if the carpet isimproperly cleaned. Improper cleaning or spotremoval can actually do more damage thansome permanent stains. Always pretests

carpets before using aggressive spot-removaltechniques.


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Wicking

Wicking (sometimes called browning) occurs

when the backing of the carpet becomes wet

and the face yarns draw or wick the moisture

and color of the backing to the surface of thecarpet. Wicking can often be prevented by

promptly attending to spills and by following

proper cleaning procedures that avoid overwetting the carpet.


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Shedding / Pilling

Short pieces of face fibers are often trapped in the

carpet when it is manufactured. As the new carpet is

walked upon, these pieces work themselves to the

surface of the carpet and can make a new carpetlook littered and unkempt. Shedding will eventually

top. In the meantime, frequent vacuuming will

prevent the carpet from looking littered. Pilling,

often the result of cleaning, can be removed byheavy vacuuming or by gently cutting loose fibers

from the carpet with scissors.


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Difference Between Carpet & Rugs

Usually the two words carpets and rugs are used interchangeably. Both are

floor coverings with the only difference in size. Rugs are smaller than

carpets.

Rugs

Rugs do not usually exceed the length of 2m (6.5ft). They usually have

multiple uses. They may be used as centerpiece flooring, or hung on wall.

They may be used as foot rugs sofa or bed throws or as table decor. They

usually have an artistic or stylish touch in terms of patterns, shape or

color. They may be as per the themes for a kids room, prayer rugs, for a

lounge for a dressing room etc.

The style of the rug varies with the purpose. Hand knotted rugs may have

intricate patterns of traditional Persian style or more contemporary types

but have a rather fine finish. As per the size and purpose, they can be used

as wall decor, on table tops and sofas or to give an accent to the flooring.

Tufted and felt wool rugs are also used in the same manner. Shagged rugs

are more commonly used as bed or sofa throws or corner foot rugs.


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Carpets

Usually anything larger than 2m or 6.5ft is termed as carpets.

They are primarily used as floor coverings. They accentuate

the theme of the room. They may form the plain wall to wall

covering to the wide centerpieces.

They may be hand-knotted, tufted, machine made or felt

wool. The hand knotted carpets may have intricate patterns or

simple geometrical ones over all, in center or in the corner

with the traditional appeal or the contemporary style.

Machine made plain or with an overall patterns are used for

wall to wall coverings.

Wh B R ?


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Why Buy a Rug?

There are a number of reasons to add a rug or two to any room in ones home. A rug is not

simply a decorative choice, but also a very functional piece of soft furnishing.

Decoration

Modern rugs are largely chosen as decoration. Rugs are made in such a large variety of colors

that they tie in nicely to any style of home decor as well as any color scheme. Decorative rugs

can be surprisingly ornate, and the designs can vary from popular childrens cartoon

characters to very detailed contemporary subjects. A decorative rug can bring the rest of a

room together nicely and can turn a stark living space into a much more sumptuous one.

Soundproofing

Carpets are installed wall-to-wall for a number of reasons, including their soundproofing

properties. An alternative, popular flooring choice is hardwood or laminate. While this typeof surface is very easy to keep clean, sounds do reflect off of hard surfaces. An area rug can

remedy this in an attractive way. Since sound is absorbed by the fibers of the rug rather than

being reflected off the floor, it creates a much quieter space.


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Softness

Whether it is placed on carpet or on a hardwood or laminate floor,a rug will often add additional cushioning to the floor. This can bevery useful in households with smaller children who are prone to

falling over and hurting themselves. It also creates a pleasantsurface to walk on.

Insulation

While hard flooring is practical, it does not offer the same insulativeproperties as a carpet and underlay. Placing rugs on the floor can bean attractive solution. Because of the packed nature of the fibers,heat is trapped in the winter, and cool indoor temperatures aremaintained in the summer.

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Carpets Toc IV Sem Final