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Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High Magnetic Field Laboratory NSTA National Conference Atlanta, GA March 2018 The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by National Science Foundation through NSF/DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.

Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

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Page 1: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Carlos R. Villa

Director of K-12 Programs

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

NSTA National Conference

Atlanta, GA

March 2018The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is supported by National Science Foundation

through NSF/DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.

Page 2: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

This presentation is available to download at:

https://nationalmaglab.org/education/

NSTA National Conference

Atlanta, GA

March 2018

Page 3: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate
Page 4: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

NHMFL Overview

→One of 7 high magnetic field labs in the world→ Only one in western hemisphere

→ Largest and highest powered in the world

Page 5: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

NHMFL Overview

→User laboratory→Over 1615 user visits (2016)→NSF & State of Florida funded→Research free to scientist

→Must share research

→Research in many fields (Not just magnets!!)

→Materials – Energy - Life→Includes materials science, physics, engineering,

chemistry, biology, biomedical, geochemistry, microscopy, etc…

Page 6: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Center for Integrating Research & Learning

→ Educational component of NHMFL’s grant

→ RET programs (more on that later…)

→ K-12 education outreach

→ 8,000 students visited this school year

→ Professional development

→ Workshops and conferences

→ CIRL on Facebook

Page 7: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate
Page 8: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnet Review

→ Gauss→ Measurement of magnetic

field

→ Named for Carl Friedrich Gauss

→ Tesla→ Measurement of larger

magnetic fields

→ Named for Nikola Tesla

→ 10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla

Page 9: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla)

→Refrigerator magnet:

→Earth’s magnetic field:

→Person’s magnetic field:

→Junkyard magnet:

→MRI magnet:

.03 T

.000045 T

3 x10-13 T

1 T

2-3 T

Page 10: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Some NHMFL Magnetic Fields

→ ICR magnet:→ Ion Cyclotron Resonance

→ 900 Mhz NMR→ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

→ Typical resistive magnet

→ Split cell

→ World record water cooled DC magnet

→ Hybrid magnet (33 MW)→ Resistive and superconducting

→ Series Connected Hybrid (14 MW)→ 1.5 Ghz NMR

→ NHMFL pulse magnet→ Not continuous field

21 T

21 T

20-40 T

25 T

41.5 T

45 T

35 T

100.7 T

Page 11: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate
Page 12: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1269: Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt

→Epistola de magnete

→Part 1 discusses the physical (not occult) properties of magnets

1. Magnetic fields can act at a distance

2. Magnets can only act on other magnetic materials

3. Opposite poles attract and like poles repel

4. When suspended, north poles point North and southpoles point South.

→ Part 2 discusses the use of magnets in devices

→ Wet and dry compass

Page 13: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1600: William Gilbert

→Published De Magnete

→Earth is a magnet

→First critical research on magnets

→Used lodestone

→Dispelled superstitions and myths

Page 14: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1820: Hans Christian Ørsted

→An electrical current can create a magnetic field

→Oersted set up lecture demonstration→Used battery to supply

current

→Showed compass needle deflecting near the wire

Page 15: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1820: André-Marie Ampère

→Moving electrical charges produce magnetic fields

→Simple experiment→Two straight wires

→Current passed through

→Wires bowed toward or away

→Led to electromagnets

Page 16: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1824: William Sturgeon

→First electromagnet

→Curved iron rod

→Bare copper wire

→Electricity

→18 total turns of wire

→Lifted 9 pounds

→Magnet weighed 7 ounces

Page 17: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1827: Joseph Henry

→ Improved the electromagnet→ Larger iron rod→ Copper wire

→Insulated with silk

→ Electricity

→ An electromagnet using two electrodes attached to a battery, best to wind coils of wire in parallel

→ But an electromagnet using with multiple batteries, should use only one single coil

Page 18: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1900: SuperconductorsR

esis

tan

ce

Temperature

Traditional Metal

Superconductor

Tc0 Kelvin

Page 19: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

1957: BCS Theory→BCS: Bardeen, Cooper, Schreiffer

→At low temperatures, some metals lose resistance→Atoms nearly stationary

→Superconductivity results from the formation of Cooper pairs→Two electrons partnered

→One follows the other

→Results in frictionlessflow of electrons

Res

ista

nce

Temperature

Traditional Metal

Superconductor

Tc0 Kelvin

Page 20: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate
Page 21: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnets

→ All magnets have poles→ North & South

→ Opposites attract; Like repels

→ But not really: Magnetic monopole→ 2014 discovery

→ All magnets have magnetic fields

→ Magnetic field is a vector field→ Has direction and magnitude

Page 22: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnetic Fields

→Magnetic fields invisible to humans

→Many animals can sense magnetism

→Sea turtles

→Migratory birds

→Sharks

→Rare animals can see magnetism

→Robins

→Orangutans

→Family Canidae→Wolves, foxes, coyotes, dogs

Page 23: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnetic Materials

→ 3 metals are naturally magnetic at room temperature→ Iron→ Nickel→ Cobalt

→ Two more are magnetic at lower temperatures→ Gadolinium (65 F and below)→ Dysprosium (-301 F and below)

→ Many are magnetic as alloys→ Rare-Earth

→ Magnetite → Iron rich mineral

→ Lodestone is magnetized piece of magnetite

→ Lodestone led to first compass

Page 24: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Permanent & Temporary Magnets

→Permanent magnets: Almost always keep their field

→Fields can be lost→Curie point (Heat)

→Electric current (Degauss)

→Hitting it (Blunt force)

→Temporary magnets: Will keep magnetic field until tampered with

→Examples: Paperclips, scissors, staples, thumb tacks, pins, screwdrivers, refrigerator door, car doors, etc…

→Anything that is magnetic, but will not keep its field

Page 25: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Atomic Theory

→Atomos

→Indestructible…

→But not really

→The atom

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Page 26: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnetism

→Motion of charges particles (electrons) create magnetic fields

→In most atoms, disorganized spins cancel out

→Magnetic domains

→When electrons line up

Page 27: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Magnetism

→When all electrons spin the same direction:

→Magnetic field is produced

→More electrons lined up:

more magnetism

Page 28: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Electricity and Magnetism

→The two are so closely related

→Where there is electricity, there is a magnetic field

→When electrons flow, they line up (Ørsted)

→Where there is a magnetic field, electricity can be created (Faraday)

→Magnetic flux can create movement of electrons

Page 29: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Creating Magnetism From Electricity

→ Electricity is the flow of electrons

→ In DC electricity electrons flow in one direction

→ This alignment of electrons creates a magnetic field around the conductor→ Similar to electrons lining up in

a permanent magnet→ So every wire carrying

electricity has a weak magnetic field around it

→ Coiling the wire concentrates the magnetic field inside the coil

Page 30: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Bitter Plates

Page 31: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate
Page 32: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Permanent Magnets

→Magnet Exploration

→Self discovery activity

→Group Effort

→Communicate your discovery

→Share with the class

Page 33: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Permanent Magnet Activity

→Money is magnetic

→Coins are copper-nickel alloy (not magnetic)

→Pennies are copper-plated zinc (also not magnetic)

→Dollars are printed with iron-rich ink (magnetic!)

→Foreign Coins

→Canadian, British, Brazilian, Mexican (some)…

Page 34: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Cow Magnets

Page 35: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Iron in the Food

→Iron in cereal

→NIB Magnet is a must

→Total brand

→Baby cookies (high in iron)

→The Hook:

→Blend a $1

→Use a NIB magnet

→Pull out the iron

Page 36: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Temporary Magnet Activities

→No rubbing necessary→Magnetism happens

almost instantly

→They are magnets→North and South

→Attract and Repel

→Paper Clips remain magnetic→Until something tampers

with their field

→Field could last years

Page 37: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Teeny Tiny Beach Magnets

→Hold a strong magnet over beach sand

→Iron will attract to the magnet

→Excess sand will cling to the magnet

→Purify by spreading it on a sheet of paper and passing the magnet over it

→Meteors are high in iron content

→Burn up in atmosphere

→Waves wash them ashore

Page 38: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

The Zinging Magnets

→ Magnets are magnetized short length

→ Made of strong barium ferrite

→ They attract but bounce upon impact and separate

→ Process repeats with a little energy lost each time

→ Pitch changes→ Frequency increases

→ Amplitude decreases

Page 39: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

The Magnetic Hedgehog

→Ferrofluids aka liquid magnets

→Suspension of iron nanoparticles

→Fluid adheres to magnetic field lines

→Incredibly attractive (BE CAREFUL)

Page 40: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Electromagnets Extensions:

→ Right hand rule

→ Direction of field

→ Poles (Winding direction)

→ Variables:

→ Neatness

→ Number of winds

→ Wire gauge

→ Battery strength

→ Temperature

→ Precision

Page 41: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Literature

Stop Faking ItBill Robertson

Driving ForceJames D. Livingston

Page 42: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

A Short History of Nearly Everything

Bill Bryson

The Nature of ScienceJames Trefil

Literature

Page 43: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Additional Resources

Page 44: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Research Experience for Teachers 2018

→6 weeks in the summer

→$3600 stipend

→June 11th – July 20th

→What do you have to do?

→Complete online application

→Complete program surveys and submit all research data

→Send in supporting documents (letter of rec, etc.)

Page 45: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Research Experience for Teachers 2018

→ What does RET entail?

→Real world science:→Superconductivity

materials testing

→Electricity & magnetism research

→Designing/constructing research instruments

→Running samples in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Page 46: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

RET Logistics and Arrangements

→Housing

→Stipend

→Travel

→ Program is open to Elementary, Middle, and High School teachers

→Pre-service teacher positions available

→Focus of the program→Nature of Science

→Inquiry

→Communicating in science

→Experimental Design

→Topics for research→Superconductivity

→Electron Scanning Microscopy

→Condensed Matter

Page 47: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

Before I Forget

→Business cards

→Please do not hesitate to contact us with questions, ideas, suggestions, etc…

→RET applications:

→https://nationalmaglab.org/education/

Page 48: Carlos R. Villa Director of K-12 Programs National High ... · →Named for Nikola Tesla →10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla. Some Magnetic Fields (In Tesla) ... →Group Effort →Communicate

This is a Sub-title

Thank You

Carlos R. Villa

Director of K-12 Programs

[email protected] • 850-644-7191