CARIBBEAN HISTORY

Friday 15 April 2011

PRAYER TO THE HOLY SPIRITO Holy Spirit, soul of my soul

I adore you.

Enlighten, guide, strengthen and console me.

Tell me what I ought to do and command me to do it.

I promise to submit to everything that you ask of me

and to accept all that you allow to happen to me.

Only show me what is your will.

EXAMINATIONS PRAYER TO ST. JOSEPH OF CUPERTINO

O Great St. Joseph of Cupertino who while on earth did obtain from God the grace to be asked at your examination only the questions you knew, obtain for me a like favour in the examinations for which I am now preparing. In return I promise to make you known and cause you to be invoked.Through Christ our Lord.St. Joseph of Cupertino, Pray for us.

Our Lady of Good Studies pray for me Sacred Head of Jesus, Seat of divine wisdom, enlighten me. Amen.

Jog your brain with these brainteasers (click on link)

OBJECTIVE Assess the United States’ response to

the Castro revolution, 1959 to 1962 (continued)

Explain the impact on the Caribbean of the Castro revolution between 1959 and 1985

ASSESS THE UNITED STATES’ RESPONSE TO THE CASTRO REVOLUTION 1959

OUTLINEI. Political and economic embargo II. Military intervention III. Ideological warfareIV. International pressure

MILITARY INTERVENTION

The Bay of Pigs intervention.

Failed Embarrassment

to the US President

Made relations worse with the Soviet Union

IDEOLOGICAL WARFARE ‘Ideological War’ is a modern term

referring to all the combined efforts that a particular nation uses in order to overpower another nation, or to have such an impact on it that it compels that nation to take on board a particular ideological stance and a specific approach to affairs.”

a battle for the hearts and minds of people who have a different ideology

Trying to convince people that your way of seeing life, your ideology is the correct one.

HOW DID THE US WAGE IDEOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST CUBA?

The Cuban project also known as Operation Mongoose

CUBAN PROJECT The aim was to destabilize the Cuban

government. “This was to be a coordinated program of

political, psychological, and military sabotage, involving intelligence operations as well as assassination attempts on key political leaders.”

The Cuban project also proposed attacks on mainland US targets, hijackings and assaults on Cuban refugee boats to generate U.S. public support for military action against the Cuban government, these proposals were known collectively as Operation Northwoods.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_%E2%80%93_United_States_relations#Post_revolution_relations

More on Operation Mongoose

There were eight attempted plots to kill Castro between 1960 and 1965, as well as additional plans against other Cuban leaders.

After the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuba observed as U.S. armed forces staged a mock invasion of a Caribbean island in 1962 named Operation Ortsac. The purpose of the invasion was to overthrow a leader whose name, Ortsac, was Castro spelled backwards.

Tensions between the two nations reached their peak in 1962, after U.S. reconnaissance aircraft photographed the Soviet construction of intermediate-range missile sites. The discovery led to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (REVIEW) The US challenged the placement of

Soviet nuclear missile in Cuba. Premier Khrushchev was given an

ultimatum (do it by the deadline I give you or else…)

Khrushchev backed down after a tense period of stalemate.

INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE

Due partly to US campaigning the members of the Organisation of American States voted to suspend Cuba in 1962.

USA sought to isolate Cuba by getting other nations to “choose sides” and break off diplomatic relations with her.

The USA also put pressure on governments that seemed to sympathise with Cuba in some way

…and supporting regimes (financial aid e.g.) that claimed to be anti-communist, no matter how corrupt and undemocratic they were.

EXPLAIN THE IMPACT ON THE CARIBBEAN OF THE CASTRO

REVOLUTION BETWEEN 1959 AND 1985

CUBA AS A MODEL

Other Caribbean territories were similar to Cuba in its history and resources and challenges faced: Cuba as an alternative way to development

1970s Jamaica and Guyana followed socialist policies. This incurred US displeasure. Michael Manley; Forbes Burnham

Cuban technical and military assistance e.g. to Grenada 1979 to 1983.

Close ties to Cuba precipitated a US invasion of Grenada in 1983.

THE INVASION OF GRENADA 1983

The factors What the US did Reasons for actions Economic, political and cultural

consequences (benefits and negative consequences)

THE FACTORS The Cold War Socialist policies under the government

of Maurice Bishop Presence of Cubans giving technical and

military assistanceThe airport at Pt. Salines.

“The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military build-up in the Caribbean, and to assist the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents. Bishop’s government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at the existing airport on the island’s north. Neither could the existing airport, itself, be expanded as its runway abutted a mountain”. From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada

In 1983, then-Member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums, travelled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's Prime Minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress:...based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not for military use.... It is my thought that it is absurd, patronizing and totally unwarranted for the United States Government to charge that this airport poses a military threat to the United States’ national security.[11]

MEANWHILE… Increasing rifts within the

government(due to some members of the government wanting the government to become even more socialist than they were.

a coup attempt which resulted in the death of Bishop and a number of others.

WHAT THE US DID These killings provided the US with the

opportunity to intervene “to protect the lives of US citizens.”

This was done as a combined action along with about 7,600 troops from the United States, Jamaica and members of the Regional Security System (RSS)[3] defeated Grenadian resistance and the military government of Hudson Austin was deposed.

WAS THE USA JUSTIFIED IN INVADING GRENADA? You decide http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada

videos

CONSEQUENCES Caribbean Basin initiative