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Types of Computers
Computers are electronic devices that can perform tasks and calculations based on the instructions that have been given to it. Personal computer (PC) – a computer that is
small enough to fit on a desk, is relatively inexpensive and is designed for an individual user.
Laptop computer – (sometimes called notebooks) same as PC but portable.
Other Computers
Supercomputer – the fastest type of computer. It can store data and perform numerous tasks simultaneously at incredible speeds.
Mainframe – less powerful and less expensive than supercomputers but are still capable of storing and processing large amounts of data.
Minicomputer – (also called a server) smaller than a mainframe, larger than a microcomputer and can support multiple users with their own terminals at the same time.
Central Processing Unit
The main chip that processes information, performs calculations, and manages the flow of information through a computer system.
Also known as the brain of the computer
Hardware
The physical components that make up a computer.
Examples: monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, speakers
Output Devices
Displays information sent from the computer.
Examples: printers, monitor, and speakers
2 Types of Software
1. Operating Software –software that manages the computer’s files and programs and acts as a graphic interface that translates mouse and keyboard actions into programming code.
Examples: Windows, Mac OS X
2 Types of Software
2. Application Software –provides the tools needed to complete a task (file management, web surfing, word processing, etc.)
Word Processing
Software that is used to create and print documents such as letters, memos, and reports.
Test Your Knowledge
1. Creating a birthday card for a friend
2. Balancing your checkbook
3. Printing a mailing list
4. Practicing math facts
5. Keeping an address book
6. Writing an essay about your vacation
7. Making a school newsletter
8. Writing a story about basketball
WordProcessing
Spreadsheet
Database
DesktopPublishing
Test Your Knowledge
Item Input(Hardware) Output(Hardware) Operating Software
Application Software
Keyboard
Microsoft Word
Windows 7
Modem
Scanner
Solitaire
Speakers
Mac OS X Snow Leopard
Printer
Greeting Card Maker
Voice Recognition
software that is used to create, edit, and format documents by speaking into a microphone (which is attached to the computer).
Memory
Computer memory is composed of circuits that are contained in tiny computer chips.
The number of memory locations is stated in terms of BYTES.
A byte is a unit of storage capable of holding a single character.
Memory
A byte is equal to 8 bits.A kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,025 bytes or 103.
A megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,048,576 bytes or 106 .A gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1,073,741,824 bytes or 109 .Terabyte(TB) 1012, petabyte(PB) 1015, exabyte (EB) 1018, and so on.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Computer memory on which data has been prerecorded.
ROM can only be read, it cannot be changed or deleted.
Pixels
A series of dots that can be seen when looking closely at the computer screen. The more pixels the higher the resolution.
Storage Devices
Allow instructions and data to be saved.
Hard drive – internal storage device.
Floppy Disks-outdatedCD-ROM DVD-ROMFlash drive
The Internet
Internet – a worldwide network of smaller computer networks all linked together by unique Internet Protocol addresses.
World Wide Web – a system of extensively interlinked hypertext documents: a branch of the Internet.
Internet Service Provider – a provider who sells access to the Internet for a monthly charge.
The Internet
Internet browser – software used to locate and display Web pages.
Web page – A document on the World Wide Web, consisting of an HTML file and any related files for scripts and graphics, and often hyperlinked to other documents on the Web.
E-mail – a system for sending messages from one individual to another via telecommunications links between computers or terminals.
HTML- HyperText Markup Language: a set of standards, a variety of SGML, used to tag the elements of a hypertext document. It is the standard protocol for formatting and displaying documents on the World Wide Web.
Networks
network – a linked group of computers which allows computers to share information, programs, printers, or scanners.
intranet – refers to an internal network confined within a specific location, usually one particular office or building.
LAN (local area network) – A system that links together electronic office equipment, such as computers and word processors, and forms a network within an office or building.
WAN (wide area network) – a computer network that
spans a relatively large geographical area.
In the Workplace
teleconferencing – a business meeting, educational session, etc., conducted among participants in different locations via telecommunications equipment
telecommuting – a term used to describe employees using technology to perform regular work activities from a remote location.