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CAREER PERSPECTIVES IN PAEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (IN SWITZERLAND)
SANDRA ASNER AND JULIA BIELICKI
NOVEMBER 2013
OUTLINE1. Our career paths
2. What is ID and Job perspectives in PID
3. Mentoring
4. Fellowships options in EU and North America
DETERMINE FIRST WHICH SKILLS YOU POSSESS AND HOW TO BEST APPLY THEM
Choosing the right field requires a careful evaluation of your motivations and professional goals
Intellectual challengeIdentifying and solving problemsInteraction with patientsResearch settings
ID: A DYNAMIC & EVOLVING SPECIALTYRelatively new sub-specialty> 1’100 PID certified in the US since 1994, and more than … in EU
American Board of Pediatrics
NUMEROUS CAREER OPTIONSConsiderable array of career choices
Many choose to follow several paths during their careers
->infection prevention/control to research to public health in addition to clinical responsabilities
FOUR major categories:
1. Academic Medicine
2. Public Service
3. Private Practice
4. Industry
THE PID ACADEMIC> 60% PID physicians are employed in a University care center
(Children’s hospitals or community-based teaching hospitals)
Teaching
in-hospital
Community care settings (hospitals and Pediatricians)
Actively involved in collaborative research projects (national & international)
Elaboration of guidelines
+/- healthcare epidemiology
+/- infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship
Administration
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
THE PID EDUCATOR/PUBLIC HEALTH SPECIALISTPublic health agencies including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), CDC, FDA or state/local PH departments
Track the epidemiology of IDMonitor vaccine preventable diseasesInvestigation of unusual or emerging pathogens
Local PH departmentsPromote need for vaccinationAssess vaccination coverage levelsEvaluate outbreaks of diseaseEducate parents and providersPurchase, distribute and administer vaccines
Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
PRIVATE PRACTICEOnly about 5% practice their specialty full time in the private sector (American Board of Pediatrics)
Usually practice both ID and General Pediatrics or providesubspecialty administrative and advisory functions for large health care organizations
Patient care- diagnose & treat broad spectrum of ID in bothout and in patient settings
INDUSTRYID is a top specialty in demand among drug/vaccine manufacturers
Drug & vaccine development and evaluation process
THE PID CLINICIANTight collaboration with Pediatricians, lab, infection
control, AB stewardship and with adult ID when possible
New consultations/ID advice + pro-active follow-up of patients
Participates in various rounds: oncology, ICU, NICU +/- AB stewardship
Participates in elaboration of new guidelines
PID TRAINING SITES
4 A clinics for PID
BaselBerneGenevaZurich
1 B clinic for PID
Aarau
FELLOWSHIP OPTIONS IN NORTH AMERICA
http://www.pids.org/meetings-and-events.html
FELLOWSHIP OPTIONS IN CANADABRITISH COLUMBIA CHILDREN'S HOSP
CHILDREN'S HOSP OF EASTERN ONTARIO
IWK HLTH CTR/DALHOUSIE UNIV
THE HOSP FOR SICK CHILDREN
UNIV OF MANITOBA
CHILDREN'S HOSP OF EASTERN ONTARIO
MCGILL UNIV/MONTREAL CHILDREN'S HOSP
UNIV OF ALBERTA
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
FELLOWSHIP OPTIONS IN THE US2009 Pediatric Fellows' Day Presentations
Approach to Antimicrobial Agent Use
John S. Bradley, MD Children's Hospital, San Diego
Immunization in Special Circumstances
William L. Atkinson, MD, MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Moving a New Vaccine from Bench to Bedside: Rotavirus Vaccine as a Model
Penelope H. Dennehy, MD Rhode Island Hospital/Brown University
Time Management in Academia
Mary Anne Jackson, MD Children's Mercy Hospital
Vaccinology 101 for Fellows
Margaret C. Fisher, MD The Children's Hospital at Monmouth Medical Center
FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM DIRECTORS
UKBB: Prof. Ulrich HeiningerInselspital Bern: Prof. Christoph Aebi and Dr. Andrea DuppenthalerHUG: Prof. Claire-Anne Sigrist and Dr. KlaraPosfay BarbeKinderspital Zürich: Prof. David Nadal and Prof. Christoph Berger
PID TRAINING EXPERIENCE IN SWITZERLAND – WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN’TWHAT WORKS
PID is small and therefore has to integrate with general hospital careIt is possible to access other relevant specialtiesBoard accreditation is offeredPragmatic solutions to training problems can often be foundFunding sources +/-
WHAT DOESN’TThere is no “rotation” with varied experience
Little perspective for PID specialists outside academia
Mentoring is patchy
Posts may not be advertised but are passed on by word of mouth
Collaborative research, guidelines
MENTORING IN MEDICINESystematic review of studies evaluating effect of mentoring on career choices and academic advancement
Mentorship is an important factor in specialty selection
More central for trainees pursuing academic medicalcareers
Mentored trainees are more productive in research wrt n publications and grants
Sambunjak et al. JAMA. 2006; 296(9)
WHAT MAKES A GOOD MENTOR?
Admirable characteristicsPersonal qualitites (interactive, kind, just)Professional traits (collaborative, knowledgable, skilledclinician and teacher)
How Mentors Guide Their Mentees‘ CareersLike „Mission control“: monitors, advises and assesses
Strength of Time CommitmentFrequency, availability, duration, quality
Support for Professional/Personal BalanceLegacy of Mentoring
Role modeling creates an exponential legacy of mentoring
ChoSC et al. AJM. 2011; 124
ACADEMIC MENTORING - HOW TO GIVE IT & HOW TO GET IT
Determine how the mentee likes to spend time
Be honest
Follow through
Do not become friends
Do not be afraid to terminate a mismatched relationship
Be explicit about credit for work
Separate at the end (6 to 10 papers, 3 to 5 years)
„I was always careful to be nice to the people I met on the way up. They were the same people I met on the way down.“
Detsky and Baerlocher. JAMA. 2007; 297 (19)
FEMALE ACADEMICS ARE NOT PUSHY ENOUGHSystematic review of peer reviewed publications between
1980 – 2006Do citation and publication patterns differe between men and
women in the IR literature?Women are systematically cited less than men
1) Women tend to cite themselves less than men2) Men tend to cite men more than women„Women see self-citation as a form of self-promotion, andthus look down on it. Men see it the same way, but drawdifferent conclusions.“
Maliniak, Powers and Walter. International Organization. 2013; 67 (4)
Science and Technology.The Ecomonist Aug 31st 2013.
Thank you for listening! And happy to discuss…
