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CAREER EPISODE 1

Introduction

CE 1.1

The project “Study of Friction Factor in Pipes” was done as part of my Civil Engineering from

Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India, for the period extending from N… 200.. to J.. 20..

Chronology: N….200.. to J… 20..

Name of the Organization: Assam Engineering College, Guwahati

Geographical Location: Guwahati, India

Project Title: P……

Position: Student

Background

CE 1.2

The project was to develop and plan optimized pipeline for hydraulics lab congestion due to all

major industries and associate buildings.( no industries around my college ) I along with my

group mate decided to calculate premises which was to be located within the limits as proper

plan was lacking. This project aided me in understanding the concepts of planning a pipelines,

and analysis it. It has imbibed confidence in me to do engineering projects involving real time

design and estimation.

CE 1.2.1

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CAREER EPISODE 1

In this project I have calculated friction losses of pipelines for optimized pipeline network for

Hydraulics lab in college campus. To solve the problem during installations I have suggested

excel designs( Excel design program was made for selecting pipes based on the practical friction

losses, Please if u you could enhance it more this line ). I suggested different methods for

calculating material losses and friction losses of pipeline.

CE 1.2.2

My contribution in the project was:

To design a pipeline with optimized network for hydraulics lab.

To analyze the design and calculate the friction losses.

CE 1.2.3

I designed the pipelines network by using hydraulic design and analysis of flow conditions in

pipe networks are dependent upon estimating the friction factor, f (please read the line

again, two different sentences are mixed in an unusual way ).The performance

of its explicit formulations and those of artificial intelligence (AI)

CE 1.2.4

I systematically planned out the network design as per standard design and specifications which

is listed below: ( please make it sure that these are the things required for the design of pipe

netwroks, I have no idea about it )

Calculation of loads.

Calculation of bending moments.

Calculation of depth.

Friction calculation.

Area requirements and spacing.

Distributors and its spacing.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

Head of the department

Lab assistant

Project guide

Project member

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CAREER EPISODE 1

CE 1.2.5

Hierarchy of people involved:

CE 1.2.6

My Roles and Responsibilities were as follows: ( please enhance this section , it is all what I

have written, make it sure the responsibilities also linked to the new things that you have

added )

Monitor network Program

Investigating and selecting a suitable pipe material.

Experimental setup of a model pipe network

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CAREER EPISODE 1

Collection, calculation and analysis of the experimental data to ascertain

components influencing design discharge.

Presenting the detailed reports of the experimental findings to the Project guide

Preparation of a Microsoft Excel program for finding the design discharge, size of

the pipe and the pipe material properties based on research findings.

Presentation of the detailed fact-finding report.

Preparing detailed design and structure at all level integrating all models,

finishing for network optimization.

Ensure smooth and efficient continuation of the project through tracking and

monitoring each activity as per planned construction schedule.

Involve in preparation of presentations, plans, estimates and design relative to

the implementation of Project.

CE 1.2.7

The knowledge on subjects relating to material and network designs came very handy in

design modelling ( I have also studied hydraulics subject, fluid mechanics – if u can link them

here; ); I calculated losses and analyzed designs. I made use of drawing software’s like

“AutoCAD” and “Catia” for developing two and three dimensional figures and simulated

virtual structure with real one. I checked with its suitability for the proposed design, its

structural strength and quality.

Personal Engineering Activity

CE 1.3

Initially pipeline construction is composed of specific activities, including survey and staking

of the ROW, clearing and grading, trenching, pipe stringing, bending, welding, lowering-in,

backfilling, hydrostatic testing, tie-in, cleanup, and commissioning.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

( shouldn’t the paragraph above and below be linked, paragraph 1.3.1

CE 1.3.1

Here the flow of fluid through a pipe is resisted by viscous shear stresses within the fluid and

the turbulence that occurs along the internal pipe wall, which is dependent on the roughness of

pipe material. This resistance is termed pipe friction and is usually measured in feet or metres

head of the fluid, as it is known as head loss due to pipe friction.

CE 1.3.2

Head Loss in a Pipe is affected by a number of factors which include the viscosity of the fluid,

the size of the internal pipe diameter, the internal roughness of the inner surface of the pipe,

the change in elevation between the ends of the pipe and the length of the pipe along which

the fluid travels.

CE 1.3.3

The valves and fittings on a pipe also contribute to the overall head loss that occurs, however

these must be calculated separately to the pipe wall friction loss, using a method of modeling

pipe fitting losses with k factors.

CE 1.3.4

Here I have used Darcy Weisbach Formula as it more accurate to calculate pipe friction losses

and it is stated as standard equation for hydraulic engineers. Weisbach first proposed the

relationship that we now know as the Darcy-Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach

formula, for calculating friction loss in a pipe.

CE 1.3.5

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CAREER EPISODE 1

I have used AI techniques which include artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic

programming (GP); both use the same data generated numerically by systematically changing

the values of Reynolds numbers, Re, and relative roughness, ε/D , and solving the Colebrook-

White equation for the value of f by using the successive substitution method. The tests

included the transformation of Re and ε/D using a logarithmic scale. This study shows that

some of the explicit formulations for friction factor induce undue errors, but a number of them

have good accuracy.

CE 1.3.6

The Darcy-Weisbach hydraulic equation serves as the basis for hydraulic design and analysis of

water distribution systems, and it is expressed in terms of pressure drop, which is a directly

measurable quantity of friction. However, the mathematical formulation of the problem

includes an empirical friction parameter, f for which the Colebrook-White equation is one well-

known implicit formulation, such that the factor appears on both sides of the equation.

CE 1.3.7

Here I have used GP techniques ( what is GP techniques?? ) also as it is considered for robust

applications of optimization algorithms and represent one way of mimicking natural selection.

These techniques derive a set of mathematical expressions to describe the relationship

between the independent and dependent variables using such operators as mutation,

recombination (or crossover), and evolution.

CE 1.3.8

In smooth pipes, friction factor f depends only on Re, the calculation are performed using

different methods and tests. I calculated the head losses and flow. The energy loss due to

friction in Newtonian liquids flowing in a pipe is usually calculated with the Darcy-Weisbach

equation, as follows.

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CAREER EPISODE 1

CE 1.3.9

I have used Moody Chart ( I have prepared charts myself by setting up an experimental model ,

based on that values were extracted for the design program; if u think it needs to be mentioned

or if u find it unnecessary then don’t include ) to provide final method of finding an accurate

friction factor and this encouraged use of the Darcy-Weisbach equation , which quickly became

the method of choice for hydraulic engineers ( what is the link of this line to my project ?).

Based on all calculations of head loss and friction loses I have decided the pipeline material

and designed optimized pipeline network.

CE 1.3.10

Technical problems encountered:

Initially, my project was fail due to improper calculations of friction losses in pipeline

network selection.

To resolve the issue, I have calculated losses using all methods of friction losses and

selected the best methods for calculating losses effectively and precisely by using

technical manuals provided by our project guide. Finally, I resolved the issue and

completed the project successfully.

( can u please add some more points to the technical difficulty part and enhance it so

that it shows some major content of the project that I did )

CE 1.3.11

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CAREER EPISODE 1

The project work was completed within the given time with proper coordination with various

departments. The entire work was done in the best workmanship manner like strictly observing

International standard specifications. I shared good rapport with the all team members. I was

involved with prepared reports and sent to higher management. (check grammar )

CE 1.3.12

I was responsible for information flow and direction of the project and felt the tasks must be

delegated enough since the timeframe given for the project was too short. Therefore, I decided

to divide my project work into various phases like planning stage, implementation stage and

execution phase so as to complete in the given time frame. I use s share good rapport with

my team members. ( repetitive line as in the previous paragraph, please change it to

something different; if required add some more to it )

CE 1.4

Summary

The experience gained through practical application of the engineering subjects and an

advantage of on-site encounter with real work problems has helped me to gain clear

perspective on the theoretical concept. It emboldened my ability to analyze the situation and

evaluate its pros and cons to make sound decision and to get precise solution for the changes

or request made by the client.

CE 1.4.1

Working on this project was beneficial for me as I learnt a lot in terms of the analysis and design

modeling of the structures. I was able to overcome numerous problems arising on site. Solving

the problems gave boost to my managerial and technical skills in all aspects of designing,

planning and execution of large projects. Working on this project was an extremely rich

experience. My project guide, Management and team members were utmost happy for the

services I have rendered them during this project. On the whole it was a great learning

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CAREER EPISODE 1

experience as well as a productive output from me as I not only met my prescribed goals but

also exceeded them.

(here u have mentioned about the site experience but not much written about the site; also in

the report please add some more of ‘’ MY work”. Please go through the changes and also add

some more content to it )