CARDIOVASCULATORY SYSTEM

• Atrium: Receiving chamber of the heart.• Diastole: Period of relaxation and expansion

of the heart when its chambers fill with blood.• Hormones: Chemical messengers that

regulate body functions.• Sphygmomanometer: Instrument that

measures blood pressure in millimeters of mercury.

• Systole: Rhythmic contraction of the heat.• Ventricle: Pumping chamber of the heart.

Vein: Vessel that transports blood to the heart.

Capillary: Vessel that connects artery to vein.

Artery: Vessel that transports blood away from the heart.

• The human circulatory system is responsible for delivering food, oxygen, and other needed substances to all cells in all parts of the body while taking away waste products. The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system, from the Greek word kardia, meaning "heart," and the Latin vasculum, meaning "small vessel."

• The basic components of the cardiovascular system are the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. As blood circulates around the body, it picks up oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the small intestine, and hormones from the endocrine glands, and delivers these to the cells. Blood then picks up carbon dioxide and cellular wastes from cells and delivers these to the lungs and kidneys, where they are excreted.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• BLOOD FLOW- Atherosclerosis: Condition in which fatty material such as cholesterol accumulates on artery walls forming plaque that obstructs blood flow.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• Hypertension: High blood pressure.– CAUSES:

• Smoking• Being overweight or obese• Lack of physical activity• Too much salt in the diet• Too much alcohol consumption (more than 1 to 2 drinks per day)• Stress• Older age• Genetics• Family history of high blood pressure• Chronic kidney disease• Adrenal and thyroid disorders

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• RESISTANCE: Vascular resistance is a term used by professionals to define the resistance to flow that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system.– CAUSES:

• a. increased blood vessel length b. decreased blood viscosity (For liquids, it corresponds to the informal notion of "thickness“). c. vasodilatation (Widening of blood vessels that results from relaxation of the muscular walls of the vessels.)d. increased blood pressure

• High blood viscosity can be a secondary symptom of many different diseases. Treatment for this condition depends on how thick the blood is and can include the administration of fluids, plasmapheresis, or phlebotomy. It may be possible to wait and see whether treatment is actually needed, though severe cases of high blood viscosity require immediate treatment.

• The first step in the treatment of high blood viscosity is positive identification of the disorder. Symptoms may include sleepiness, headaches, redness of the skin and seizures. These symptoms can be indicative of other conditions, including conditions that involve a low red blood cell count. In order to make sure that a patient is receiving proper treatment, a doctor will need to do a test that measures the level of red blood cells in the body. This will ensure that treatment is appropriate and will be beneficial for the patient.

• Once a doctor determines that the red blood cell count is too high, treatment can begin. Patients are often given fluids that are used to treat dehydration. These fluids, added to the bloodstream, can thin out the ratio of blood cells to blood plasma.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• DISEASES:– Heart Attack– Stroke– High Blood Pressure– Congestive Heart Failure– Arterial Fibrillation– Varicose Veins– Spider Veins

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

EXPLAIN HOW EACH FACTOR AFFECTS THE BLOOD FLOW IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1.BLOOD PRESSURE2.BLOOD VOLUME3.RESISTANCE4.DISEASE5.EXERCISE