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Cardiovascular system
•What makes up blood•How blood is grouped and typed•A simple look at how blood clots
•The heart chambers and how the blood flows through the heart•The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation•Blood pressure, pulse rates.•Some pathologies related to blood, heart and circulation.
Functions of BloodFunction Brief
description
Transportation Waste/metabolites/nutrients/gases (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide) Hormones
Protection Local – clotting plateletsSystemic – infection/ pathogens wbc
Regulatory tissue Fluid – electrolyte balanceAcid base balanceBody temperature
Physical Characteristics of blood
Viscosity
Density
Color
pH
Temperature
Volume
Components of bloodPlasma = 55%
Formed elements = 45%
Blood: 55% Plasma
91% Water 9% Dissolved
substances Salts (electrolytes) Respiratory gases Hormones Waste & Metabolites Plasma Proteins
Albumins Globulins Fibrinogens
Cardiovascular system 2
1. Blood typing2. A simple look at how
blood clots3. Overview of the
components of the cardiovascular System
1. Heart2. Vessels
4. Gross Anatomy of the heart:
1. Surface Anatomy2. Coverings and walls3. Chambers4. Great vessels of the
heart
Blood: 45% Formed Elements
Formed elements: White blood cells - clear ‘Buffy layer’
4-11,000wbc per mm volume of blood Platelets
250,000 – 500,000 platelets per mm vol of blood
Red blood cells – 99% 4-6 million rbc per mm vol of blood
1000rbc : one wbc
Leucocytes
Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes
Platelets
A comparison of Red and White blood cells
Red blood cells
99% Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells Platelets
Hemoglobin
Blood typing
Cardiovascular system 3
1. Blood typing2. A simple look at how
blood clots3. Overview of the
components of the cardiovascular System
1. Heart2. Vessels
4. Gross Anatomy of the heart:
1. Surface Anatomy2. Coverings and walls3. Chambers4. Great vessels of the
heart
Blood Typing - ABO
Type O is universal donor
Blood Typing – Rh factor
Hemostasis(clotting)
Stage summary
Stage 1Vasoconstriction
Vascular spasms cause vessel to shrink – closing edges Chemicals released from damaged vessel wall activate next stage. Clotting factors released.
Stage 2Platelet Plug(mechanical )
Collagen exposed in damaged vessel wall stimulates platelet stickiness – plug formed by layers of platelets sticking together and to collagen. (Thrombus).
Stage 3Coagulation stage(chemical)
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin – the mesh of the clot. Factor 13 stops the clotting cascade from continuing.