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8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
1/48
Cardiovascular System Drugs
question="What is the brand/trade name of the angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitor drug hose generic name is ca!to!ri#"
Ca!oten
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
adrenergic neuron boc%er drug hose generic name is reser!ine#"
anser="&er!aan' &%-eser!ine"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
adosterone antagonist drug hose generic name is s!ironoactone# "
anser="Adactone"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
a!ha* adrenergic boc%er drug hose generic name is do+azosin#"
anser="Cardura"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
a!ha/beta boc%er drug hose generic name is carvedio# " anser="Coreg"/$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) drug hose generic name is osartan#"
anser="Cozaar"/
$question question="What are the brand/trade names for
the beta adrenergic boc%er drugs hose generic names are atenoo and
meto!roo# " anser="atenoo (enormin). meto!roo (o!ressor)"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug hose generic name is
nifedi!ine#" anser="Adaat' 0rocardia"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cardiac gycoside drug hose generic name is digo+in# " anser="ano+in"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
centray acting a!ha1 agonist drug hose generic name is conidine# "
anser="Cata!res"/
$question question="What are the brand/trade names of
the cass 2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs hose generic names are quinidine
and !rocainamide# " anser=" quinidine (A!o-3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine).
!rocainamide (0ronesty)"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er drug hose generic name is idocaine# "
anser="5yocaine"/
$question question="What are the brand/trade names of
the cass 2C/sodium channe boc%er drugs hose generic names are fecainide
and !ro!afenone#" anser="fecainide (ambocor). !ro!afenone (ythmo)"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cass 22/beta adrenergic boc%er drug hose generic name is !ro!ranoo# "
anser="2ndera"/
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cass 222/!otassium channe boc%er drug hose generic name is amiodarone# "
anser="Cordarone"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
cass 26/cacium channe boc%er drug hose generic name is vera!ami# "
anser="Caan"/$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
direct acting vasodiator drug hose generic name is hydraazine#"
anser="A!resoine"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
fibrate drug hose generic name is gemfibrozi#" anser="o!id"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug hose generic name is simvastatin# "
anser=":ocor"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
oo! diuretic drug hose generic name is furosemide# " anser="asi+"/
$question question="What are the brand/trade names of
the nitrate drugs hose generic names are nitrogycerin and isosorbide
dinitrate#" anser="nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id).
isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi)"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor drug hose generic name is mirinone#"
anser="0rimacor"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
!otassium-s!aring diuretic drug hose generic name is s!ironoactone# "
anser="Adactone"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
sym!athomimetic drug hose generic name is dobutamine#" anser=";obutre+"/
$question question="What is the brand/trade name of the
thiazide diuretic drug hose generic name is hydrochorothiazide# "
anser="7ydro;2
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What is the generic name of the
a!ha* adrenergic boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is Cardura#" anser="
do+azosin "/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
a!ha/beta boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is Coreg#" anser="carvedio
"/$question question="What is the generic name of an
angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) drug hose brand/trade name is Cozaar#"
anser="osartan"/
$question question="What are the generic names for the
beta adrenergic drugs hose brand/trade names are enormin and o!ressor#"
anser="atenoo (enormin). meto!roo (o!ressor)"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug hose brand/trade names are
Adaat and 0rocardia#" anser="nifedi!ine"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cardiac gycoside drug hose brand/trade name is ano+in#" anser="digo+in"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
centray acting a!ha1 agonist drug hose brand/trade name is Cata!res#"
anser="conidine "/
$question question="What are the generic names of the
cass 2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs hose brand/trade names are A!o-
3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine and 0ronesty#" anser=" quinidine (A!o-3uinidine'
4ovo-3uinidine). !rocainamide (0ronesty)"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is 5yocaine#"
anser="idocaine"/
$question question="What are the generic names of the
cass 2C/sodium channe boc%er drugs hose brand/trade names are ambocor and
ythmo#" anser=" fecainide (ambocor). !ro!afenone (ythmo)"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cass 22/beta adrenergic boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is 2ndera#"
anser="!ro!ranoo "/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cass 222/!otassium channe boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is Cordarone#"
anser="amiodarone "/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
cass 26/cacium channe boc%er drug hose brand/trade name is Caan#"anser="vera!ami "/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
direct acting vasodiator (hydraazine) drug hose brand/trade name is
A!resoine#" anser="hydraazine"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
fibrate drug hose brand/trade name is o!id#" anser="gemfibrozi "/
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What is the generic name of the
789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug hose brand/trade name is :ocor#"
anser="simvastatin"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
oo! diuretic drug hose brand/trade name is asi+#" anser="furosemide"/
$question question="What are the generic names of thenitrate drugs hose brand/trade names are 8initran' 4itroca!' 4itro-;ur'
4itrogard' 4itrodisc. and 2sordi#" anser="nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-
;ur' 4itro-,id). isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi)"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor drug hose brand/trade name is 0rimacor#"
anser="mirinone"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
!otassium-s!aring diuretic drug hose brand/trade name is Adactone#"
anser="s!ironoactone"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
sym!athomimetic drug hose brand/trade name is ;obutre+#" anser="dobutamine
"/
$question question="What is the generic name of the
thiazide diuretic drug hose brand/trade name is 7ydro;2
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the a!ha/beta boc%er carvedio (Coreg)#" anser="$u$i reats
hy!ertension
$/i$i reats heart faiure aong ith digo+in' angiotensin-converting
enzymes (ACE) inhibitors' and diuretics
$/i$i 0roongs chance of surviva fooing myocardia infarction$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) osartan (Cozaar)#"
anser="$u$i reats hy!ertension
$/i$i 0revents stro%e
$/i$i 8anages diabetic ne!hro!athy
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the beta adrenergic boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and meto!roo
(o!ressor)#" anser="$u$i reats hy!ertension
$/i$i reats angina !ectoris
$/i$i ;ecreases mortaity fooing myocardia infarction
$/i$i reats cardiac dysrhythmias (investigationa use)
$/i$i reats heart faiure
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) nifedi!ine (Adaat'
0rocardia)#" anser="$u$i reats mid to moderate hy!ertension
$/i$i reats stabe (e+ertiona) angina and variant (vasos!astic) anginas
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the cardiac gycoside digo+in (ano+in)#" anser="$u$i reats
mid to moderate hy!ertension
$/i$i reats stabe (e+ertiona) angina and variant (vasos!astic) anginas
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the centray acting a!ha1 agonist conidine (Cata!res)#"
anser="$u$i 7y!ertension
$/i$i &evere !ain reief (administered by e!idura infusion)
$/i$i ff-abe uses> migraine headache (!revention). ithdraa fromacoho' o!ioids' and nicotine. dysmenorrhea and meno!ausa hot fashes.
attention deficit hy!eractivity disorder in chidren. ourette?s syndrome
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the cass 2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-3uinidine'
4ovo-3uinidine) and !rocainamide (0ronesty)#" anser="$u$i ,road s!ectrum
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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antidysrhythmics treat atria fibriation' su!raventricuar and ventricuar
tachycardias@
$/i$i 3uinidine is used more for ong-term treatment hie !rocainamide is
used ony for short-term treatment due to severe adverse effects@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!euticuses for the cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er idocaine (5yocaine)#"
anser="$u$i 26> Contros ony ventricuar dysrhythmias caused by
myocardia infarction' cardiac surgery or !rocedures' digo+in to+icity
$/i$i oca> 0rovides oca or regiona anesthesia
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the cass 2C/sodium channe boc%ers fecainide (ambocor) and
!ro!afenone (ythmo)#" anser="$u$i reat serious su!raventricuar and
ventricuar tachydysrhythmias not controed by other antidysrhythmics
$/i$i
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the fibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id)#" anser="$u$i educes high
eves of !asma trigycerides
$/i$i educes ; choestero (ess effectivey than statins)
$/i$/u"/$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the 789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug simvastatin (:ocor)#"
anser="$u$i educes ; and trigycerides
$/i$i 2ncreases 7; choestero
$/i$i ecommended to reduce mortaity in !atients ith ty!e 1 diabetes
meitus
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the oo! diuretic furosemide (asi+)#" anser="$u$i reats
!umonary edema in heart faiure
$/i$i reats edema caused by rena' he!atic' or cardiac faiure not
affected by other diuretics
$/i$i reats hy!ertension not controed by other diuretics
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id) and
isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi)#" anser="$u$i reatment and !ro!hya+is of
angina !ectoris
$/i$i a!id-acting forms (ony transmucosa tabets' transingua s!ray
and subingua tabets treat an angina attac%)
$/i$i onger-acting forms' such as reguar tabets' immediate reease or
sustained reease tabets/ca!sues' are used to !revent attac%s from
occurring@
$/i$i 26 nitrogycerin is used for severe unstabe angina attac%s and to
contro bood !ressure !erio!erativey and to treat heart faiure after acute
myocardia infarction@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What is a thera!eutic use for the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor drug mirinone (0rimacor)#" anser="&hort-term
treatment of o cardiac out!ut in heart faiure"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the !otassium-s!aring diuretic drug s!ironoactone (Adactone)#"anser="$u$i 7y!ertension
$/i$i Edema caused by heart faiure
$/i$i Cirrhosis of the iver
$/i$i 4e!hrotic syndrome
$/i$i 7y!o%aemia"/
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What is a thera!eutic use for the
sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+)#" anser="2ncreases cardiac out!ut
in severe heart faiure (short-term use ony)"/
$question question="What are some of the thera!eutic
uses for the thiazide diuretic hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$/i$i ,eginning dose is decreased for !atients ta%ing diuretics or ith
iver faiure@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the beta adrenergic
boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and meto!roo (o!ressor) be given#"
anser="$u$i ra or 26 use@$/i$i 9ive 26 initiay and then oray for acute myocardia infarction@
$/i$i 9ive oray for hy!ertension@
$/i$i Atenoo is avaiabe in a tabet' hich may be crushed or
saoed@
$/i$i 8eto!roo is avaiabe as an immediate-reease tabet (o!ressor)
or in a sustained-reease dose (o!ro 5) that must not be crushed and must
be saoed hoe@
$/i$i Absor!tion of meto!roo may be enhanced ith food. ta%e at
consistent time each day@
$/i$i Atenoo is best ta%en before meas or at bedtime@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cacium channe
boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia) be given#"
anser="$u$i Avaiabe for ora use in ca!sues and sustained-reease
tabets. sustained-reease form is a!!roved to treat hy!ertension@
$/i$i &ustained-reease form must be saoed hoe' and not cheed or
crushed@
$/i$i o !revent refe+ tachycardia' nifedi!ine may be combined ith a
beta boc%er@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cardiac gycoside
digo+in (ano+in) be given#" anser="$u$i Avaiabe as ora tabets'
ca!sues and ei+ir as e as for 26 use@
$/i$i 9ive ora form ith or ithout food@
$/i$i abets may be crushed and mi+ed ith food if necessary@
$/i$i 26 form may be administered directy over at east D min. monitor
site carefuy for infitration' hich may cause tissue damage@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the centray-acting
a!ha1 agonist conidine (Cata!res) be given#" anser="$u$i Avaiabe
oray or as transderma !atch to treat hy!ertension@
$/i$i 9ive ora dose at bedtime to !revent daytime sedation@$/i$i ,egin ora dosage o and graduay increase to !revent severe
hy!otension@
$/i$i A!!y transderma !atch to a dry' reativey hairess area of s%in
on the u!!er outer arm or anterior chest once every days@
$/i$i otate transderma sites and monitor s%in for infammation'
irritation@
$/i$i ,e sure to remove the od !atch before a!!ying a ne !atch@
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cass 2A/sodium
channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine) and
!rocainamide (0ronesty) be given#" anser="$u$i Avaiabe in ora' 28 and
26 forms@
$/i$i 9ive ora dose * hr before or 1 hr after meas for best absor!tion.give ith food if gastrointestina (92) sym!toms occur@
$/i$i ;o not crush or che e+tended-reease tabets@
$/i$i 2f giving 26 !rocainamide' ait hr before administering an ora
dose@
$/i$i For 26 doses' use an 26 !um! and infuse at recommended rate and
diution@
$/i$i 8uti!e 26 soution incom!atibiities e+ist. avoid infusing ith
other drugs or soutions@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cass 2,/sodium
channe boc%er idocaine (5yocaine) be given#" anser="$u$i Avaiabe
for 28' 26 infusion (26 !referred for dysrhythmias. oca administration for
anesthesia ony)@
$/i$i Add * g idocaine to 1DG or DGG m de+trose DH in ater (;DW) and
infuse at * to mg/min (!er !rescri!tion)using an 26 !um!@
$/i$i Ensure that the correct idocaine !re!aration is used for the
s!ecific ty!e of thera!y (abeed for 26 use ony)@
$/i$i 2ncom!atibe in soution or tubing ith other drugs' such as some
antibiotics' !henytoin@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cass 2C/sodium
channe boc%ers fecainide (ambocor) and !ro!afenone (ythmo) be given#"
anser="$u$i Avaiabe for ora use ony@
$/i$i ,egin ith o dose and increase graduay no more frequenty than
every days unti ma+imum or desired dose has been reached@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cass 22/beta
adrenergic boc%er !ro!ranoo (2ndera) be given#" anser="$u$i Avaiabe
for ora or 26 use@
$/i$i
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="7o shoud the cass 222/!otassium
channe boc%er amiodarone (Cordarone) be given#" anser="$u$i ra and 26
use@
$/i$i 9ive ora amiodarone ith or ithout food' but at consistent times
during the day@
$/i$i 2nfuse 26 dose through centra ine catheter to !reventthrombo!hebitis of !eri!hera 26 sites@
$/i$i ,egin ora dosing ith hos!itaized !atient@
$/i$i Correct o !otassium or magnesium eves before beginning thera!y@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the cass 26/cacium
channe boc%er vera!ami (Caan) be given#" anser="$u$i ra or 26 use@
$/i$i 9ive ora dose ith food to !revent gastrointestina (92) u!set@
$/i$i Ca!sues may be o!ened and s!rin%ed on food' but not cheed or
dissoved in iquid@
$/i$i 26 form> 9ive dose using recommended diution over 1 to B min.
monitor cardiac rhythm and vita signs continuousy@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the direct-acting
vasodiator (hydraazine) drug hydraazine (A!resoine) be given#"
anser="$u$i ra' 28' or 26 forms@
$/i$i 9ive ora dose ith food to enhance effectiveness@
$/i$i ra dosage usuay begins o and is graduay increased@
$/i$i Administer 26 form undiuted. do not add to other soutions@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the fibrate drug
gemfibrozi (o!id) be given#" anser="$u$i ra use ony@
$/i$i
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$/i$i 0rotect a forms from ight. store ora soution in refrigerator
and other forms at controed room tem!erature@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the nitrate drugs
nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id) and isosorbide dinitrate
(2sordi) be given#" anser="$u$i 4itrogycerin is avaiabe as subinguatabets' sustained-reease ca!sues or tabets' a transingua s!ray or
transmucosa tabets' transderma ointment or !atch' and 26 form@
$/i$i o ty!es of isosorbide are avaiabe@
$/i$i 2sosorbide dinitrate (2sordi) is avaiabe in reguar' cheabe'
subingua' or sustained-reease tabets@
$/i$i 0ace subingua tabets under tongue to dissove hen chest !ain
starts. if not reieved in D min' ca I**' ta%e a second tabet. ta%e a third
tabet D min ater if no reief@
$/i$i &ubingua s!rays> ;ose equas * or 1 s!rays. as for subingua
tabets' no more than B doses in a *D min !eriod@
$/i$i 0atient shoud not sao transderma or transmucosa tabets. may
need to moisten mouth to he! tabet dissove@
$/i$i &tore tabets in a dar%' tighty cosed container for no more than
1 months after o!ening@
$/i$i ransderma !atches are for !revention ony. a!!y to a hairess
area and rotate sites@
$/i$i emove !atches for *G to *1 hr daiy to !revent toerance. a!!y
!atch in morning' remove at night@
$/i$i o!ica ointment> ;osage measured as amount squeezed from tube (e@g@
1 inches = BG mg). a!!y to dry s%in and cover area ith !astic ra!@
$/i$i When discontinuing ong-acting forms' ta!er doses to !revent
increased chest !ain (vasos!asm)@
$/i$i 26 form is infused continuousy in a gass botte ith s!ecia
tubing ony@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the !hos!hodiesterase
inhibitor mirinone (0rimacor) be given#" anser="$u$i 26 infusion ony@
$/i$i 9ive a oading dose over *G min and then administer a dose based on
!atient?s eight by continuous infusion@
$/i$i &ome soution incom!atibiities e+ist. use dedicated 26 ine if
!ossibe@
$/i$/u"/$question question="7o shoud the !otassium-s!aring
diuretic s!ironoactone (Adactone) be given#" anser="$u$i ra use@
$/i$i a%e ith food to increase absor!tion@
$/i$i abets may be crushed and mi+ed ith food or fuid if !atient is
unabe to sao them hoe@
$/i$/u"/
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$question question="7o shoud the sym!athomimetic drug
dobutamine (;obutre+) be given#" anser="$u$i 26 infusion ony@
$/i$i ;ose based on !atient?s eight and titrated based on continuous
monitoring of vita signs' EC9' urine out!ut' and (if avaiabe) cardiac
out!ut and !umonary edge !ressures@
$/i$i 0ea% effect obtained about *G min after infusion begins@$/i$i 8uti!e infusion incom!atibiities e+ist. use dedicated 26 ine for
infusion@
$/i$i Correct any fuid voume deficits before administering dobutamine@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="7o shoud the thiazide diuretic
hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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eser!ine)#" anser="$u$i &evere de!ression and ris% for suicide' hich
may inger after reser!ine is discontinued
$/i$i ,radycardia and orthostatic hy!otension
$/i$i 9astrointestina sym!toms> diarrhea' abdomina cram!ing
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What is a side and/or adverseeffect of the adosterone antagonist s!ironoactone (Adactone)#"
anser="7y!er%aemia"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the a!ha* adrenergic boc%er do+azosin (Cardura)#"
anser="$u$i rthostatic hy!otension -es!eciay ith first dose and ith
dose increases
$/i$i efe+ tachycardia
$/i$i 7eadache
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the a!ha/beta boc%er carvedio (Coreg)#"
anser="$u$i ;izziness' hy!otension
$/i$i ,radycardia due to boc%ade of beta* rece!tors. may ead to reduced
cardiac out!ut
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) osartan (Cozaar)#"
anser="$u$i Angioedema (occurs ess than ith angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors' but sti a !otentia ris%)
$/i$i 7eadache' insomnia
$/i$i &evere hy!otension may occur ith overdose or in voume de!etion
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the beta adrenergic boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and
meto!roo (o!ressor)#" anser="$u$i ,radycardia due to boc%ade of beta*
rece!tors. may ead to reduced cardiac out!ut
$/i$i 7eart faiure - shortness of breath' edema' coughing at night
$/i$i ebound e+citation causing angina !ain or myocardia infarction (82)
ith sudden ithdraa of beta boc%er in !atient ith coronary heart disease
(C7;)
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/oradverse effects of the cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug
nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia)#" anser="$u$i efe+ tachycardia causing
increased angina !ain in !atients ith angina. this effect is more i%ey ith
faster-acting tabets than the sustained-reease form
$/i$i ightheadedness' dizziness (caused by vasodiation)
$/i$i Facia fushing' !erce!tion of heat (caused by vasodiation)
$/i$i 0eri!hera edema of feet and egs
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$/i$i 7y!otension' es!eciay ith overdose
$/i$i 9ingiva hy!er!asia (groth of gum tissue' beeding gums)
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cardiac gycoside digo+in (ano+in)#" anser="$u$i
4ausea' vomiting' anore+ia (may be adverse effects or signs of eary to+icity)$/i$i Centra nervous system sym!toms> headache' visua disturbances' such
as yeo vision and burred vision (these may be adverse effects or signs of
eary to+icity)
$/i$i Cardiac dysrhythmias' es!eciay i%ey ith digo+in to+icity
(outside the very narro thera!eutic range of G@D to G@M ng/m)@ Any
dysrhythmia may occur' ith A6 boc% being most common
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the centray acting a!ha1 agonist' conidine (Cata!res)#"
anser="$u$i Centra nervous system effects> drosiness' dizziness
$/i$i ;ry mouth
$/i$i ebound hy!ertensive crisis
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-
3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine) and !rocainamide (0ronesty)#" anser="$u$i
4ausea' vomiting' diarrhea
$/i$i achycardia (more frequent ith quinidine due to antichoinergic
effects)
$/i$i 7y!otension (ess severe ith ora administration than 26)
$/i$i Widen the 3& com!e+ and !roong 3 interva
$/i$i 6entricuar dysrhythmias occur due to to+icity. ora or 26 thera!y
(3& too ide or 3 interva too ong)
$/i$i Arteria emboism (caused by disodging sma cots) if treating
atria fibriation
$/i$i &!eed shoc% ith too ra!id 26 infusion (fushing' headache'
irreguar heart rate' severe hy!otension' oss of consciousness' cardiac
arrest)
$/i$i 3uinidine> Cinchonism (tinnitus' visua disturbances' headache'
nausea' vomiting)
$/i$i 0rocainamide> &E (systemic u!us erythematosus) seen in DGH of!atients after a year of high dose ora thera!y)
$/i$i Agranuocytosis (!rocainamide ith continued use)
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er idocaine (5yocaine)#"
anser="$u$i C4& effects (to+icity)> confusion' drosiness' restessness'
!aresthesias' musce titching or tremors' seizures' res!iratory arrest
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$/i$i 7y!otension' bradycardia' heart boc% ith high doses
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 2C/sodium channe boc%ers fecainide (ambocor)
and !ro!afenone (ythmo)#" anser="$u$i 6isua effects> burred vision'
difficuty focusing$/i$i Worsening of heart faiure. edema
$/i$i Widen 3& com!e+. !roongs 3 and 0 intervas
$/i$i 0otentia for *st degree atrioventricuar (A6) boc%. muti!e
dysrhythmias may occur
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 22/beta adrenergic boc%er !ro!ranoo
(2ndera)#" anser="$u$i ,radycardia due to boc%ade of beta* rece!tors.
may ead to reduced cardiac out!ut
$/i$i 7eart faiure
$/i$i ebound e+citation causing angina !ain or myocardia infarction (82)
ith sudden ithdraa of beta boc%er in !atient ith coronary heart disease
(C7;)
$/i$i 0eri!hera arteria insufficiency (simiar to aynaud?s disease)
$/i$i Centra nervous system (C4&) effects> confusion' fatigue' drosiness
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 222/!otassium channe boc%er amiodarone
(Cordarone)#" anser="$u$i4ausea' vomiting' consti!ation
$/i$i 0umonary to+icity ith !neumonitis (causing fever' cough' shortness
of breath) - occur most frequenty ith ong-term and/or high-dose use and may
ead to !umonary fibrosis
$/i$i 6isua effects> o!tic neuro!athy ith !ossibe bindness and cornea
microde!osits' hich may cause severe sensitivity to ight' burred vision
$/i$i Cardiac effects> bradycardia and hy!otension (common ith 26 dose)
$/i$i 7eart faiure may be orsened by amiodarone thera!y
$/i$i ,ue-grey discooration of s%in
$/i$i C4& effects> dizziness' tremor' haucinations"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the cass 26/cacium channe boc%er vera!ami (Caan)#"
anser="$u$i 7y!otension' es!eciay ith 26 dose or overdose$/i$i ,radycardia' es!eciay ith 26 dose' but aso ith ora thera!y
$/i$i 7eart faiure' !eri!hera edema of feet and egs
$/i$i ightheadedness' dizziness (caused by vasodiation)"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the direct-acting vasodiator drug hydraazine
(A!resoine)#" anser="$u$i 7eadache and !a!itations (es!eciay in first
fe hours fooing first dose' and usuay subsiding s!ontaneousy)
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$/i$i achycardia
$/i$i A systemic u!us erythematosus (&E)-i%e syndrome may occur (facia
rash' Noint !ain' fever' ne!hritis' !ericarditis) - most i%ey ith high
doses
$/i$i Fuid retention' edema
$/i$/u"/$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the fibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id)#" anser="$u$i
4ausea' vomiting' diarrhea
$/i$i 9astones
$/i$i 8yo!athy (!ain in musces and Noints)
$/i$i iver to+icity
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the 789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug simvastatin
(:ocor)#" anser="$u$i 8yo!athy (!ain in musces and Noints' hich can
!rogress to rhabdomyoysis Kbrea%don of musce !rotein causing %idney
damageL)
$/i$i iver to+icity"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the oo! diuretic furosemide (asi+)#" anser="$u$i
Eectroyte imbaance> hy!onatremia' hy!ochoremia' severe fuid oss
(dehydration)' and hy!o%aemia
$/i$i 7y!otension
$/i$i toto+icity (a oo! diuretics)> tem!orary or !ermanent de!ending
on the s!ecific drug
$/i$i 7y!ergycemia (es!eciay in !atients ho have diabetes meitus)
$/i$i 2ncreased uric acid eves (hy!eruricemia) ith !ossibe gouty
arthritis in susce!tibe !atients
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur'
4itro-,id) and isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi)#" anser="$u$i 7eadache
(severe at first' reduced ith treatment)
$/i$i rthostatic hy!otension
$/i$i achycardia
$/i$i oerance deveo!s quic%y to a forms (decreased effectiveness)
$/i$/u"/$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the !hos!hodiesterase inhibitor mirinone (0rimacor)#"
anser="$u$i 7y!o%aemia
$/i$i Cardiac dysrhythmias' hy!otension
$/i$i Angina chest !ain
$/i$/u"/
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$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the !otassium-s!aring diuretic s!ironoactone (Adactone)#"
anser="$u$i 7y!er%aemia
$/i$i 8enstrua irreguarities' abnorma hair groth (e@g@ on face)' and
dee!ening of voice may occur in omen. gynecomastia (groth of breast tissue)
may occur in men$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+)#"
anser="$u$i achycardia' cardiac dysrhythmias' and !ossibe angina
!ain"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the thiazide diuretic hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2 hy!onatremia' hy!ochoremia' severe
fuid oss (dehydration)' and hy!o%aemia
$/i$i 7y!ergycemia (es!eciay in !atients ho have diabetes meitus)
$/i$i 2ncreased uric acid eves (hy!eruricemia) ith !ossibe gouty
arthritis in susce!tibe !atients
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some of the side and/or
adverse effects of the direct renin inhibitor ais%iren (e%turna)#"
anser="$u$i 7y!er%aemia
$/i$i Cough or angioedema (seing of mouth' throat)
$/i$i ;iarrhea' abdomina !ain
$/i$/u"/
$/cha!ter
$cha!ter Cha!ter4ame="4ursing 2nterventions"
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ca!to!ri (Ca!oten)#"
anser="$u$i &tart angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ith o
dose and graduay increase to !revent hy!otension@
$/i$i ;iuretics may be tem!orariy sto!!ed before first dose of ACE
inhibitor is given@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure (,0) fooing first dose@
$/i$i 8anage severe hy!otension by e+!anding bood voume ith 26 fuid
thera!y@
$/i$i ;iscontinue use if dry cough occurs@$/i$i e!ort rash and metaic taste (ACE inhibitor may be discontinued)@
$/i$i reat severe angioedema ith 26 e!ine!hrine@
$/i$i ;iscontinue use if angioedema occurs@
$/i$i 8onitor !otassium eves in a !atient ho is at ris%' because the
drug can cause hy!er%aemia@
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$/i$i 8onitor hite bood ce counts ith differentia every 1 ee%s for
first B months of thera!y and then !eriodicay' because the drug can cause
neutro!enia and increase the ris% for infection@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud theheath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
adrenergic neuron boc%er reser!ine (&er!aan and &%-eser!ine)#"
anser="$u$i e!ort signs of de!ression and suicida ideation to !rovider@
$/i$i Ensure that oest !ossibe dosage of reser!ine is being given@
$/i$i 8onitor !use rate and orthostatic vita signs and re!ort
bradycardia@
$/i$i Assist ith ambuation@
$/i$i e!ort severe or !roonged gastrointestina (92) effects (diarrhea'
cram!s)@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
adosterone antagonist s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i 8onitor
for signs of hy!er%aemia@
$/i$i 8onitor !eriodic !otassium eves' ,
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angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) osartan (Cozaar)# " anser="$u$i reat
severe angioedema ith 26 e!ine!hrine@
$/i$i ;iscontinue use of any angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) if
angioedema occurs@
$/i$i 8onitor for and re!ort C4& effects (headache' insomnia)@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure (,0) before administering osartan dose@$/i$i 8anage severe hy!otension by e+!anding voume using 26 fuid
thera!y@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the beta
adrenergic boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and meto!roo (o!ressor)#"
anser="$u$i e!ort heart rate soer than JG beats/min (or !rearrange
!arameter) to !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor for signs of heart faiure and re!ort to !rovider@
$/i$i each !atient not to sto! suddeny to !revent rebound e+citation
causing angina !ain or myocardia infarction in a !atient ho has coronary
heart disease@
$/i$i n discontinuation' ta!er dose soy over * to 1 ee%s@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug nifedi!ine (Adaat'
0rocardia)#" anser="$u$i 9ive nifedi!ine aong ith beta boc%er to
!revent tachycardia@
$/i$i 8onitor heart rate@
$/i$i e!ort angina' ightheadedness' dizziness@
$/i$i Assist ith ambuation as needed@
$/i$i 2nform !atient that facia fushing may occur@
$/i$i e!ort !eri!hera edema (a diuretic may be !rescribed if edema
occurs)@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure carefuy as starting dosage is estabished@
$/i$i 4otify !rovider and ithhod dose for bood !ressure (,0) beo IG
mm 7g systoic or for !rearranged !arameter@
$/i$i 2ns!ect gingiva tissue !eriodicay for enargement (nifedi!ine may
be discontinued)@
$/i$i Advise reguar denta care@$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
cardiac gycoside digo+in (ano+in)#" anser="$u$i ecognize that vomiting
may cause hy!o%aemia' hich increases ris% for digo+in to+icity@
$/i$i e!ort gastrointestina (92) sym!toms
$/i$i e!ort centra nervous system (C4&) effects
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$/i$i a%e a!ica !use for a minute before administering digo+in.
ithhod drug if !use fas beo !rescribed !arameters (such as JG beats/min
in aduts)@
$/i$i 8onitor digo+in eves frequenty@
$/i$i 8onitor serum !otassium eves. administer !otassium for o or
borderine o vaues@$/i$i 8onitor cardiac rhythm and treat dysrhythmias !er !rotoco@
$/i$i For severe digo+in to+icity' digo+in immune FA, (;igibind) is
administered 26 as an antidote to neutraize digo+in@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
centray acting a!ha1 agonist conidine (Cata!res)#" anser="$u$i
8onitor !atient for drosiness' dizziness@
$/i$i e !atient that this effect i decrease over first fe ee%s of
thera!y@
$/i$i When discontinued' ta!er dose soy over severa days@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine) and
!rocainamide (0ronesty)#" anser="$u$i e!ort gastrointestina (92)
nausea' vomiting' diarrhea@
$/i$i 8onitor !use rate because the drug can cause tachycardia@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure because the drug can cause hy!otension@
$/i$i Oee! !atient su!ine during 26 thera!y@
$/i$i 8onitor EC9 !eriodicay ith ora thera!y or constanty ith 26
thera!y. if cardiac effects such as ventricuar dysrhythmias occur' ithhod
sodium channe boc%er and notify !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor !asma drug eves to determine eary to+icity@
$/i$i Warfarin may be administered for severa ee%s before and after
sodium channe boc%er thera!y@
$/i$i 8onitor for signs of !umonary emboism@
$/i$i
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2,/sodium channe boc%er idocaine (5yocaine)#" anser="$u$i 8onitor
confusion' drosiness' restessness' !aresthesias' musce titching or
tremors' seizures' res!iratory arrest. hod dose and notify !rovider if they
occur@
$/i$i 8onitor vita signs and cardiac rhythm because high doses can cause
hy!otension' bradycardia' heart boc%@$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
2C/sodium channe boc%ers fecainide (ambocor) and !ro!afenone (ythmo)#"
anser="$u$i e!ort visua effects (burred vision' difficuty focusing)@
$/i$i 8onitor for crac%es in ungs' edema' and eight gain' and re!ort
these effects to !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor !eriodic EC9. use ambuatory 7oter monitor if needed to
monitor for dysrhythmias@
$/i$i 8onitor !asma trough eves to detect eary to+icity@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
22/beta adrenergic boc%er !ro!ranoo (2ndera)#" anser="$u$i 8onitor
heart rate and re!ort rate soer than JG beats/min (or !rearranged !arameter)
to !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor for signs of heart faiure and re!ort to !rovider@
$/i$i each !atient not to sto! beta boc%er suddeny@
$/i$i n discontinuation' ta!er dose soy over * to 1 ee%s@
$/i$i 8onitor coor' tem!erature' and !uses in e+tremities (!uses may be
!resent even if !oor circuation e+ists) because the drug can cause !eri!hera
arteria insufficiency (simiar to aynaud?s disease)@
$/i$i 8onitor for confusion' fatigue' drosiness@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
222/!otassium channe boc%er amiodarone (Cordarone)#" anser="$u$i e!ort
nausea' vomiting' consti!ation@
$/i$i Consider reducing dose for severe gastrointestina (92) sym!toms@
$/i$i est baseine chest 5-ray and !umonary function before starting
thera!y because the drug can cause !umonary to+icity ith !neumonitis
(causing fever' cough' shortness of breath)@$/i$i 8onitor !umonary function testing resuts !eriodicay@
$/i$i Auscutate breath sounds and re!ort changes or adventitious sounds@
$/i$i 8onitor for changes in vision' ight sensitivity@
$/i$i 8onitor !use and bood !ressure' and re!ort vita signs beo
!rescribed !arameters@
$/i$i 8onitor cardiac rhythm constanty during infusion@
$/i$i 8onitor for eight changes and edema for both 26 and ora thera!y@
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$/i$i 8onitor for bue-grey discooration of s%in@
$/i$i e!ort centra nervous system (C4&) effects@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
26/cacium channe boc%er vera!ami (Caan)#" anser="$u$i 26 form>8onitor cardiac rhythm and vita signs continuousy. %ee! !atient su!ine for *
hr fooing dose@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure carefuy as starting ora dosage is
estabished@
$/i$i 4otify !rovider and ithhod dose for ,0 beo IG mm 7g@ systoic or
for !rearranged !arameter@
$/i$i 8onitor heart rate. ithhod dose for !use rate soer than JG
beats/min or !rescribed !arameter and notify !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor for and re!ort edema (a diuretic may be !rescribed if edema
occurs)@
$/i$i For hos!itaized !atient' monitor inta%e and out!ut' and re!ort o
out!ut@
$/i$i 8onitor for crac%es in ungs@
$/i$i 8onitor for and re!ort ightheadedness' dizziness@"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
direct acting vasodiator (hydraazine) drug hydraazine (A!resoine)#"
anser="$u$i Advise !atient that headache and !a!itations may occur
fooing first dose@
$/i$i 8onitor !use and re!ort tachycardia@
$/i$i A beta boc%er may be added to decrease tachycardia. atch for
hy!otension ith additiona antihy!ertensive agent@
$/i$i 8onitor and re!ort signs of a systemic u!us erythematosus-i%e
reaction (facia rash' Noint !ain' fatigue) to !rovider (hydraazine i be
discontinued)@
$/i$i 8onitor for edema' crac%es in ungs@
$/i$i 7ydraazine may be combined ith a diuretic to minimize edema@
$/i$i a!er hydraazine soy hen discontinued@"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
fibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id)#" anser="$u$i e!ort nausea' vomiting'
diarrhea@$/i$i e!ort sym!toms of ga badder disease@
$/i$i e!ort myo!athy@
$/i$i 8easure creatine !hos!ho%inase (C0O) if musce !ain occurs@
$/i$i 8onitor iver function tests and re!ort im!aired iver function@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the 789-
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CoA reductase inhibitor (&tatin) drug simvastatin (:ocor)#" anser="$u$i
8onitor for and re!ort myo!athy@
$/i$i 8easure creatine !hos!ho%inase (C0O) if musce !ain occurs@
$/i$i 8onitor iver function tests and re!ort im!aired iver function@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud theheath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the oo!
diuretic furosemide (asi+)#" anser="$u$i 8onitor serum eectroyte
eves !eriodicay. notify !rovider for abnorma eves@
$/i$i 8onitor carefuy for signs of eectroyte imbaance and
dehydration@
$/i$i 2f hy!o%aemia occurs' monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias@
$/i$i 2f hy!o%aemia is a ris% (e@g@ !atient aso ta%ing digo+in)'
furosemide may be combined ith a !otassium-s!aring diuretic@
$/i$i 8onitor bood !ressure frequenty during treatment because the drug
can cause hy!otension@
$/i$i Ensure that the !atient does not ta%e other ototo+ic drugs (additive
effect)
$/i$i 8onitor for hearing oss' tinnitus' vertigo@
$/i$i 8onitor bood gucose !eriodicay@
$/i$i 8onitor bood gucose more frequenty in a !atient ho has diabetes
meitus. insuin or ora antidiabetic drug dosage may need to be increased@
$/i$i 8onitor uric acid eves !eriodicay@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id) and isosorbide
dinitrate (2sordi)#" anser="$u$i Caregivers shoud avoid touching
ointment hen a!!ying@
$/i$i 8onitor ength and severity of headache@
$/i$i 8onitor baseine orthostatic bood !ressure (,0) and !use. chec%
again hen nitrate form reaches its !ea% effect (e@g@ * hr for transderma
forms)@
$/i$i 8onitor heart rate in !atients ta%ing nitrates@
$/i$i 9ive beta boc%er or cacium channe boc%er' if !rescribed' to
su!!ress tachycardia@
$/i$i 8onitor for drug toerance@
$/i$i 9ive any nitrogycerin form in smaest needed amount. useintermittent scheduing for transderma and ong-acting forms@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor drug mirinone (0rimacor)#" anser="$u$i
Correct fuid deficits and hy!o%aemia before beginning infusion@
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$/i$i 8onitor !otassium eves and correct hy!o%aemia as needed during
infusion@
$/i$i 8onitor vita signs and EC9 rhythm continuousy during infusion@
$/i$i ;ecrease dosage for dysrhythmias or bood !ressure faing beo
!rescribed !arameters@
$/i$i 8onitor for chest !ain during infusion@$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
!otassium-s!aring diuretic s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i
8onitor serum !otassium eves during treatment@
$/i$i 2f hy!er%aemia occurs' monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias@
$/i$i &!ironoactone may be combined ith a thiazide or oo! diuretic to
maintain norma !otassium eves@
$/i$i 8onitor and re!ort menstrua irreguarities' abnorma hair groth'
dee!ening of voice' gynecomastia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+)#" anser="$u$i 8onitor EC9
rhythm and vita signs continuousy during infusion@
$/i$i reat cardiac dysrhythmias and chest !ain as needed' and !re!are to
decrease or discontinue dobutamine for tachydysrhythmias@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What interventions shoud the
heath care !rofessiona use hen caring for a !atient ho is ta%ing the
thiazide diuretic hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2
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$/i$i Ensure that !atient is not ta%ing !otassium-s!aring diuretics or
other drugs that raise !otassium eves@
$/i$i e!ort !ersistent cough@
$/i$i e!ort angioedema immediatey@
$/i$i reat moderate to severe angioedema ith e!ine!hrine@
$/i$i e!ort diarrhea and abdomina !ain@
$/i$/u"/
$/cha!ter
$cha!ter Cha!ter4ame="0atient 2nstructions"
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug ca!to!ri (Ca!oten)#" anser="$u$i
,e aare that hy!otension may occur fooing the first dose@
$/i$i ie su!ine if ightheadedness occurs@
$/i$i e!ort dry cough@
$/i$i e!ort rash@
$/i$i e!ort metaic or decreased abiity to taste foods associated ith
decreased inta%e and eight oss@
$/i$i e!ort minor seing of mouth' throat. ca I** immediatey if
severe reaction occurs@
$/i$i efrain from using !otassium su!!ements and !otassium-containing
sat substitutes@
$/i$i e!ort !a!itations' musce titching' ea%ness or !aresthesias in
e+tremities@
$/i$i e!ort sore throat or other signs of infection@
$/i$i ;o not ta%e if !regnant or breastfeeding@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the adrenergic
neuron boc%er drug reser!ine (&er!aan' &%-eser!ine)#" anser="$u$i
e!ort feeings of de!ression' incuding insomnia' and oss of a!!etite and
interest in daiy activities@
$/i$i ;o not !erform dangerous activities' such as driving' unti effects
are %non@
$/i$i 8ove soy from ying don to sitting and standing to !revent
faing@$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e to !rovider@
$/i$i e!ort !roonged or severe gastrointestina (92) effects (diarrhea'
cram!s)@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the adosterone
antagonist drug s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i ;o not ta%e
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!otassium su!!ements or use !otassium-containing sat substitutes or drugs
that raise !otassium eves uness !rescribed by the !rovider@
$/i$i e!ort !a!itations' musce titching' ea%ness' or !aresthesias in
e+tremities@"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the a!ha*adrenergic boc%er drug do+azosin (Cardura)#" anser="$u$i e!ort
dizziness' synco!e' ra!id heartbeat' or !a!itations@
$/i$i a%e this drug at bedtime@
$/i$i ise soy from ying to sitting or standing to !revent inNury@
$/i$i ;o not !erform hazardous activities' such as driving' for at east
*1 hr fooing first dose and subsequent dosage increases@
$/i$i e!ort an increase in the frequency of headaches@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the a!ha/beta
boc%er drug carvedio (Coreg)#" anser="$u$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$i 8ove soy from ying to standing !osition to !revent fas@
$/i$i ;o not !erform hazardous activity' such as driving' unti effects
are %non@
$/i$i Chec% !use rate daiy before ta%ing drug and re!ort to !rovider for
!use soer than JG beats/min (or !rearranged !arameter)@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the angiotensin
rece!tor boc%er (A,) drug osartan (Cozaar)#" anser="$u$i e!ort minor
seing of mouth' throat to !rovider. ca I** immediatey if severe reaction
occurs@
$/i$i e!ort frequent headaches or insomnia@
$/i$i e!ort e!isodes of fainting' dizziness@
$/i$i ;o not ta%e if !regnant or breastfeeding@
$/i$i e !rovider if !regnancy is a !ossibiity@"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the beta
adrenergic boc%er drugs atenoo (enormin) and meto!roo (o!ressor)#"
anser="$u$i Chec% !use rate daiy before ta%ing the drug and re!ort a
!use soer than JG beats/min (or !rearranged !arameter)@
$/i$i e!ort shortness of breath' e+tremity edema' night cough@$/i$i ;o not sto! ta%ing this drug abru!ty. ta% to the !rovider@
$/i$i e!ort increase in angina or ne onset of chest !ain@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cacium
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channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine) drug nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia)#"
anser="$u$i e!ort ra!id heartbeat' increase in angina !ain@
$/i$i ;o not !erform hazardous activities such as driving' unti effects
are %non@
$/i$i ,e aare that facia fushing may occur@
$/i$i e!ort seing of feet and egs@$/i$i Advise !atient to ta%e as !rescribed and not to increase dosage@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$i e!ort beeding gums' gum tissue groth@
$/i$i btain reguar denta care@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cardiac
gycoside digo+in (ano+in)#" anser="$u$i e!ort nausea' oss of
a!!etite' or vomiting@
$/i$i e!ort headache' or visua disturbances@
$/i$i e!ort heart !a!itations@
$/i$i earn to monitor !use rate and re!ort decrease or increase beyond
!rescribed !arameters@
$/i$i o decrease ris% of to+icity or o serum eves' ta%e digo+in at
the same time each day. do not s%i! or doube a dose@
$/i$i e!ort signs of hy!o%aemia' such as musce ea%ness@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the centray
acting a!ha1 agonist drug conidine (Cata!res)#" anser="$u$i a%e at
bedtime to minimize drosiness' dizziness@
$/i$i ;o not !erform hazardous activities' such as driving' unti effects
are %non@
$/i$i &uc% hard candies' che sugaress gum' si! ater to minimize dry
mouth@
$/i$i ,e assured that dry mouth i diminish ith time@
$/i$i ;o not abru!ty sto! ta%ing conidine. hen discontinued' ta!er
according to instructions@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-3uinidine' 4ovo-3uinidine) and
!rocainamide (0ronesty)#" anser="$u$i a%e ith food if nausea'
vomiting' diarrhea occur@
$/i$i e!ort gastrointestina (92) sym!toms to !rovider@
$/i$i 8onitor !use rate and re!ort changes from !rescribed !arameters.
%ee! record of !use rate@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
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$/i$i Avoid hazardous activities such as driving if hy!otension occurs@
$/i$i ;o not change !rescribed dose or dosage intervas. ta%e at fi+ed
times daiy@
$/i$i ,e aare that monitoring of bood' EC9 occurs@
$/i$i e!ort sudden chest !ain' dys!nea to !rovider. ca I** for severe
sym!toms@$/i$i ,e aare of the reasons for use of the 26 infusion !um!' vita sign
equi!ment' and cardiac monitors@
$/i$i e!ort fushing' headache or feeing of faintness immediatey@
$/i$i e!ort sym!toms of cinchonism to !rovider@
$/i$i e!ort onset of rash' fatigue' musce and Noint !ain@
$/i$i e!ort fatigue' ea%ness' easy bruising or infection@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
2,/sodium channe boc%er drug idocaine (5yocaine)#" anser="$u$i e!ort
numbness of i!s' unusua sensations@
$/i$i ,e aare that continuous cardiac monitoring and frequent vita sign
monitoring occurs during infusion@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
2C/sodium channe boc%er drugs fecainide (ambocor) and !ro!afenone
(ythmo)#" anser="
$/i$i e!ort any visua changes (burred vision' difficuty focusing)@
$/i$i 7ave reguar o!hthamic e+aminations@
$/i$i e!ort shortness of breath' edema@
$/i$i Com!y ith tem!orary use of 7oter monitor if necessary@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass 22/beta
adrenergic boc%er drug !ro!ranoo (2ndera)#" anser="$u$i Chec% !use
rate daiy before ta%ing drug and re!ort !use soer than JG beats/min (or
!rearranged !arameter)@
$/i$i e!ort shortness of breath' e+tremity edema' night cough@
$/i$i ;o not sto! ta%ing this drug abru!ty. ta% to the !rovider@
$/i$i e!ort increase in angina or ne onset of chest !ain@
$/i$i e!ort sensations of cod' numbness in hands or feet@$/i$i 0rotect e+tremities from severe cod@
$/i$i e!ort confusion' fatigue' drosiness@
$/i$i Avoid hazardous activities' such as driving' unti effects are
%non@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
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222/!otassium channe boc%er drug amiodarone (Cordarone)#" anser="$u$i
a%e ith food or mi% if nausea' vomiting' or consti!ation occur (but be sure
to ta%e at consistent times during the day)@
$/i$i Com!y ith chest +-ray and !umonary function testing@
$/i$i e!ort fever' dry cough' shortness of breath or other res!iratory
sym!toms@$/i$i e!ort sensitivity to ight and changes in vision@
$/i$i btain reguar o!hthamic chec%u!s@
$/i$i Wear sungasses hen out in sunight@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$i For ora thera!y' monitor !use rate and re!ort rates soer than JG
beats/min@
$/i$i e!ort eight gain and edema@
$/i$i ,e aare that s%in discooration may occur@
$/i$i e!ort tremor' dizziness' haucinations@
$/i$i Avoid hazardous activity such as driving if dizziness occurs@
$/i$i ;ue to ong haf-ife of this drug' avoid !regnancy and
breastfeeding during thera!y and for severa months after thera!y is
discontinued@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the cass
26/cacium channe boc%er drug vera!ami (Caan)#" anser="$u$i a%e as
!rescribed. do not increase dosage@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the direct-acting
vasodiator (hydraazine) drug hydraazine (A!resoine)#" anser="$u$i
7eadache and !a!itations may occur 1 to hr fooing first dose. notify
!rovider if these do not subside@
$/i$i 0an to !erform quiet' nonhazardous activities fooing first dose@
$/i$i ,eginning ith a o dose i minimize the first dose effects@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the fibrate drug
gemfibrozi (o!id)#" anser="$u$i e!ort nausea' vomiting' diarrhea@
$/i$i e!ort ne inabiity to toerate fried foods' u!!er abdominadiscomfort and boating@
$/i$i e!ort musce or Noint !ain@
$/i$i e!ort abdomina !ain' Naundice' fatigue@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the 789-CoA
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reductase inhibitor (statin) drug simvastatin (:ocor)#" anser="$u$i
e!ort musce or Noint !ain@
$/i$i e!ort abdomina !ain' Naundice' fatigue@
$/i$i Com!y ith !eriodic iver function testing@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoudthe heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the oo! diuretic
furosemide (asi+)#" anser="$u$i Eat foods rich in !otassium (if
indicated)' such as citrus fruits' !otatoes' bananas@
$/i$i e!ort signs of eectroyte imbaance' such as confusion' musce
titching or ea%ness' irreguar !use' nausea@
$/i$i 7ave bood !ressure monitored frequenty@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$i Avoid hazardous activities' such as driving' unti effects are
%non@
$/i$i e!ort ne onset of hearing oss' ringing in ears' or vertigo@
$/i$i 0atients ho has diabetes meitus needs to carefuy monitor bood
gucose eves and notify !rovider for !ersistent hy!ergycemia@
$/i$i ,e aare that uric acid eves may increase' usuay ithout
sym!toms@
$/i$i 0atient ith a history of gout needs to re!ort sym!tom onset to a
!rovider@"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the nitrate drugs
nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id) and isosorbide dinitrate
(2sordi)#" anser="$u$i a%e over-the-counter anagesic for unreieved
headaches (most subside s!ontaneousy ithin 1G min)@
$/i$i e!ort dizziness' synco!e@
$/i$i 8ove soy from ying don to sitting or standing to !revent
inNury@
$/i$i ;o not !erform hazardous activity' such as driving' if dizziness
occurs@
$/i$i a%e !use' and re!ort tachycardia above !rescribed !arameters@
$/i$i emove transderma forms for !art of each day@
$/i$i a%e ony as many subingua tabets as needed@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoudthe heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor drug mirinone (0rimacor)#" anser="$u$i ,e
aare that aboratory monitoring is ongoing before' during and after infusion@
$/i$i ,e aare that EC9 rhythm and vita sign monitoring is !erformed
continuousy during infusion@
$/i$i e!ort chest !ain during infusion@
$/i$/u"/
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$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the !otassium-
s!aring diuretic drug s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i e!ort
!a!itations' irreguar !use' or other signs of hy!er%aemia@
$/i$i Avoid !otassium su!!ements' arge amounts of high !otassium foods'
and sat substitutes@$/i$i e!ort menstrua irreguarities' abnorma hair groth' dee!ening of
voice' gynecomastia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the
sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+)#" anser="$u$i ,e aare that
continuous monitoring is !erformed during administration@
$/i$i e!ort chest !ain immediatey@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What im!ortant instructions shoud
the heath care !rofessiona give the !atient ho is ta%ing the thiazide
diuretic drug hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2
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$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug
ca!to!ri (Ca!oten) ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i 0regnancy (ris%
category ; Kfeta damageL) $/i$i actation
$/i$i Angioedema or aergy to ACE inhibitors
$/i$i 7y!otension$/i$i iver disease ith eevated iver enzymes"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the adrenergic neuron boc%er reser!ine (&er!aan' &%-
eser!ine) ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i 0regnancy (ris% category
;) $/i$i actation
$/i$i 0revious aergy to rauofia a%aoids
$/i$i ;e!ressive disorder
$/i$i 0e!tic ucer or ucerative coitis
$/i$i
8/20/2019 Cardiovascular System Drugs ATI
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$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the beta adrenergic boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and
meto!roo (o!ressor) ris%y for the !atient# " anser="$u$i &inus
bradycardia or greater than first degree heart boc%
$/i$i 8oderate to severe heart faiure
$/i$i Cardiogenic shoc%$/i$i Atenoo> 0eri!hera vascuar disease' aynaud?s disease
$/i$i 8eto!roo> Chid younger than J years od
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the cacium channe boc%ers (dihydro!yridines)
nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia) ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i
Aergy to nifedi!ine
$/i$i Acute myocardia infarction
$/i$i &evere heart faiure (7F)' hy!otension' thyroto+icosis
$/i$i 0rocainamide> o hite bood ce count (W,C) or agranuocytosis'myasthenia gravis' systemic u!us erythematosus
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er idocaine
(5yocaine)ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i Aergy to idocaine or
amide anesthetics
$/i$i &u!raventricuar dysrhythmias
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$/i$i
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$/i$i achycardia
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the fibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id) ris%y for the
!atient#" anser="$u$i 9a badder disease
$/i$i iver dysfunction$/i$i &evere rena im!airment"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the 789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug
simvastatin (:ocor)ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i 0regnancy (ris%
category 5) $/i$i actation
$/i$i Current iver disease' Naundice' eevated transaminase or greaty
eevated as!artate aminotransferase (A&) or aanine aminotransferase (A)
$/i$i ena faiure
$/i$i habdomyoysis or myo!athy
$/i$i 8uti!e scerosis
$/i$i Chid younger than *G years od
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the oo! diuretic furosemide (asi+) ris%y for the
!atient#" anser="$u$i Aergy to furosemide or sufonamides
$/i$i 0re-ecam!sia or ecam!sia of !regnancy
$/i$i 7e!atic coma
$/i$i Eectroyte imbaance or dehydration
$/i$i 2ncrease in oiguria"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur'
4itro-,id) and isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi) ris%y for the !atient#"
anser="$u$i Aergy or toerance to nitrogycerin or isosorbide
$/i$i 7ead inNury' increased intracrania !ressure
$/i$i &evere anemia
$/i$i 9aucoma (sustained-reease forms)
$/i$i 9astrointestina (92) disease incuding hy!ermotiity (sustained
reease isosorbide)
$/i$i 26 nitrogycerin> 7y!otension' hy!ovoemia (correct before
administering)
$/i$i Constrictive !ericarditis
$/i$/u"/$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the !hos!hodiesterase inhibitor mirinone (0rimacor)
ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i Aergy to !hos!hodiesterase
inhibitors
$/i$i Aortic or !umonary vave disorder
$/i$i Acute myocardia infarction (82)
$/i$/u"/
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$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the !otassium-s!aring diuretic' s!ironoactone
(Adactone) ris%y for the !atient#" anser="$u$i 0regnancy (ris% category
;)
$/i$i ena faiure and severe rena insufficiency' or increase in rena
im!airment$/i$i 7y!er%aemia
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+) ris%y
for the !atient#" anser="$u$i Aergy to sym!athomimetics or sufites
$/i$i 6entricuar tachycardia
$/i$i 7y!ertro!hic aortic stenosis
$/i$i ;ehydration
$/i$i Chid younger than age 1
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What are some contraindications
that oud ma%e ta%ing the thiazide diuretic hydrochorothiazide (7ydro;2
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$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
adrenergic neuron boc%er reser!ine (&er!aan' &%-eser!ine)#"
anser="$u$i Cardiac dysrhythmias or cerebrovascuar disease
$/i$i 7istory of !e!tic ucer
$/i$i Chronic res!iratory disease$/i$i der adut
$/i$i E!ie!sy
$/i$i 9astones
$/i$i 0ar%inson?s disease
$/i$i 0heochromocytoma (adrena gand tumor)"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
adosterone antagonist s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i Chid
$/i$i iver faiure or disease
$/i$i Concurrent use of !rescribed drugs that raise !otassium eves"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
a!ha* adrenergic boc%er do+azosin (Cardura)#" anser="ena or he!atic
disease"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
a!ha/beta boc%er carvedio (Coreg)#" anser="$u$i Chid or adoescent
younger than *M od
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus
$/i$i ena or iver disorders
$/i$i 0eri!hera vascuar disease
$/i$i ;e!ressive disorders"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
angiotensin rece!tor boc%er (A,) osartan (Cozaar)#" anser="$u$i
Concurrent diuretic use
$/i$i 7y!er%aemia
$/i$i iver or rena disorders
$/i$i First trimester of !regnancy
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing thebeta adrenergic boc%ers atenoo (enormin) and meto!roo (o!ressor)#"
anser="$u$i A !atient ith heart faiure controed by digitais and
diuretics
$/i$i Asthma' C0; or other chronic res!iratory disorder
$/i$i ena or iver disorders
$/i$i 8yasthenia gravis
$/i$i 7y!erthyroidism
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$/i$i ;iabetes meitus
$/i$i 8aNor de!ression
$/i$i 0heochromocytoma (adrena gand tumor)
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing thecacium channe boc%ers (dihydro!yridines) nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia)# "
anser="$u$i 7eart faiure
$/i$i 9astroeso!hagea refe+ disease
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cardiac gycosides digo+in (ano+in)#" anser="$u$i 7y!o%aemia
$/i$i 2m!aired rena function
$/i$i An infant' chid or oder adut
$/i$i Acute myocardia infarction (82) and severe heart faiure
$/i$i ;ysrhythmias' such as incom!ete heart boc%
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
centray acting a!ha1 agonist conidine (Cata!res)#" anser="$u$i ecent
myocardia infarction (82)' severe cardiac disease or cerebrovascuar disease
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus
$/i$i ena or iver disorders
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 2A/sodium channe boc%er drugs quinidine (A!o-3uinidine' 4ovo-
3uinidine) and !rocainamide (0ronesty)#" anser="$u$i 2m!aired iver or
%idney function
$/i$i First degree heart boc%
$/i$i Eectroyte imbaance
$/i$i Asthma
$/i$i 0rocainamide> 7eart faiure (7F)' myocardia infarction (82)'
digitais-caused dysrhythmia' as!irin aergy
$/i$i 3uinidine> 8yasthenia gravis
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% ofside or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 2,/sodium channe boc%er' idocaine (5yocaine)#" anser="$u$i
ena or iver disorders
$/i$i 7eart faiure
$/i$i es!iratory de!ression or o bood o+ygen eves
$/i$i Fuid voume deficits
$/i$i 8yasthenia gravis
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$/i$i Famiy history of maignant hy!erthermia
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 2C/sodium channe boc%ers fecainide (ambocor) and !ro!afenone
(ythmo)#" anser="$u$i Aergy to idocaine and other amide anesthetics$/i$i Atria fibriation
$/i$i Cardiac' rena or he!atic disease
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 22/beta adrenergic boc%er !ro!ranoo (2ndera)#" anser="$u$i
7y!erthyroidism or thyroto+icosis
$/i$i ena or iver disorders
$/i$i 8yasthenia gravis
$/i$i Cerebrovascuar disorders' stro%e
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus' hy!ogycemia
$/i$i &urgery
$/i$i 7istory of aergy to stinging insects
$/i$i 0heochromocytoma (adrena gand tumor)
$/i$i Woff-0ar%inson-White syndrome
$/i$i der adut"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 222/!otassium channe boc%er amiodarone (Cordarone)#" anser="$u$i
Any he!atic disease
$/i$i Any thyroid dysfunction
$/i$i 7eart faiure
$/i$i Eectroyte imbaance or hy!ovoemia
$/i$i 0umonary disease' such as C0;
$/i$i 7eart surgery"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
cass 26/cacium channe boc%er vera!ami (Caan)#" anser="$u$i iver or
%idney disfunction
$/i$i ;uchennes muscuar dystro!hy
$/i$i 8yocardia infarction (82)
$/i$i 9astrointestina obstruction or ieus' gastroeso!hagea refu+disease' hiata hernia
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
direct-acting vasodiator (hydraazine) drug hydraazine (A!resoine)#"
anser="$u$i Coronary heart disease
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$/i$i &tro%e
$/i$i ena dysfunction
$/i$i &ystemic u!us erythematosus (&E)
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing thefibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id)#" anser="$u$i 7y!othyroidism
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus
$/i$i Any rena im!airment"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug simvastatin (:ocor)#"
anser="$u$i Famiy history of high choestero (homozygous famiia
hy!erchoesteroemia)
$/i$i 7istory of iver disorders
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus
$/i$i Acohoism
$/i$i ena disorders
$/i$i &eizure disorders
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
oo! diuretic furosemide (asi+)#" anser="$u$i ena or iver disorders
$/i$i Acute myocardia infarction (82) ith cardiogenic shoc%
$/i$i 6entricuar dysrhythmias
$/i$i 7eart faiure
$/i$i ;iarrhea
$/i$i 7istory of gout or systemic u!us erythematosus
$/i$i ;iabetes meitus"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-;ur' 4itro-,id) and isosorbide
dinitrate (2sordi)#" anser="$u$i 7y!otension
$/i$i 7y!ovoemia
$/i$i 7y!erthyroidism
$/i$i iver disease
$/i$i Conditions that cause dry mouth (subingua and transmucosa forms)
$/i$i Eary myocardia infarction (82)$/i$i der adut"/
$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
!hos!hodiesterase inhibitor mirinone (0rimacor)#" anser="$u$i ena
im!airment
$/i$i Atria futter or fibriation
$/i$i der adut"/
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$question question="What factors increase the ris% of
side or adverse effects and thus arrant !recautions for a !atient ta%ing the
!otassium-s!aring diuretic s!ironoactone (Adactone)#" anser="$u$i
9reaty increased ,
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and &%-eser!ine)#" anser="$u$i
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$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the cacium channe boc%er (dihydro!yridine)
nifedi!ine (Adaat' 0rocardia)#" anser="$u$i
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(5yocaine)#" anser="$u$i ,eta boc%ers' !rocainamide and quinidine
increase idocaine effects@
$/i$i 0henytoin increases hy!otension' bradycardia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the cass 2C/sodium channe boc%ers fecainide(ambocor) and !ro!afenone (ythmo)#" anser="$u$i 2ncreases digo+in
eves@
$/i$i ,eta boc%ers and cacium channe boc%ers !otentiate cardiac
effects@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the cass 22/beta adrenergic boc%er !ro!ranoo
(2ndera)#" anser="$u$i
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$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the direct acting vasodiator (hydraazine) drug
hydraazine (A!resoine)#" anser="$u$i 8A2 antide!ressants may cause
severe hy!otension@
$/i$i ther antihy!ertensive drugs may cause hy!otension@$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the fibrate drug gemfibrozi (o!id)#"
anser="$u$i &tatin antii!emics greaty increase ris% for myo!athy@
$/i$i Warfarin ith fibrates increases ris% for beeding@
$/i$i a%en ith antidiabetic drugs' fibrates increase ris% for
hy!ogycemia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the 789-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drug
simvastatin (:ocor)#" anser="$u$i Concurrent use of a fibrate or other
drug to oer choestero can increase ris% for myo!athy or iver to+icity@
$/i$i ;rugs that inhibit C0BA' such as erythromycin' azoe antifunga
drugs' and 726 !rotease inhibitors' increase bood eves of some statins
(es!eciay ovastatin and simvastatin)@
$/i$i ;rin%ing arge amounts of gra!efruit Nuice aso inhibits C0BA and
can increase ris% for adverse effects@
$/i$i Warfarin ith a statin increases ris% for beeding and increased
!rothrombin (0) eves@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the oo! diuretic furosemide (asi+)#"
anser="$u$i ;igo+in to+icity is a high ris% ith hy!o%aemia@
$/i$i ther diuretics increase the diuretic effect@
$/i$i 4&A2;s may decrease diuretic effect@
$/i$i 4euromuscuar boc%ing agents may have !roonged effect@
$/i$i ithium to+icity may occur@
$/i$i Am!hotericin , and corticosteroids increase ris% for hy!o%aemia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the nitrate drugs nitrogycerin (4itrostat' 4itro-
;ur' 4itro-,id) and isosorbide dinitrate (2sordi)#" anser="$u$i2ncreased hy!otension may resut hen used ith other antihy!ertensive drugs
or ith acoho@
$/i$i 0;ED inhibitors' such as sidenafi (6iagra) may cause severe
hy!otension@
$/i$i ,eta boc%ers and cacium channe boc%ers decrease tachycardia
caused by nitrogycerin@
$/i$/u"/
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$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the !hos!hodiesterase inhibitor mirinone
(0rimacor)#" anser="$u$i he antidysrhythmic drug diso!yramide (4or!ace)
may cause severe hy!otension@
$/i$i 2ncom!atibe in soution ith furosemide and !rocainamide@
$/i$/u"/$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the !otassium-s!aring diuretic s!ironoactone
(Adactone)#" anser="$u$i Counteracts adverse effect (hy!o%aemia) of
oo! and thiazide diuretics (may be the desired effect)@
$/i$i Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors' angiotensin rece!tor
boc%ers (A,s)' direct renin boc%ers' !otassium su!!ements' sat
substitutes increase ris% of hy!er%aemia@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the sym!athomimetic drug dobutamine (;obutre+)#"
anser="$u$i 8A2 and tricycic antide!ressants cause to+icity ith
greaty increased ris% for tachydysrhythmias (decrease dobutamine dosage)@
$/i$i 9enera anesthetics aso may cause dysrhythmias@
$/i$i ,eta boc%ers decrease effects of dobutamine@
$/i$/u"/
$question question="What drugs or food have the
!otentia to interact ith the thiazide diuretic hydrochorothiazide
(7ydro;2
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$/courses