Cardiovascular System 7th Ch 23.1

8/7/2019 Cardiovascular System 7th Ch 23.1

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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMChapter 23 Section 1


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THE CARDIOVASCULAR

(CV) SYSTEM

An organ that is part of the cardiovascular

system

Cardiomeans heart

Vascularmeans blood vessel

Blood vessels arteries, capillaries, and veins carry blood that is pumped by the heart


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YOUR CARDIOVASCULAR (CV)

SYSTEM

Made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

The heart creates pressure when it beats

Pressure moves blood through the body

CV system helps to maintain homeostasis

y Carries nutrients

y Removing wastes

y Carries hormones (chemical signals)


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THE HEART

Made of mostly cardiac muscle tissue

About the size of your fist in the center of your

chest cavity

Left side of heart carries oxygen rich blood

Right side of heart carries oxygen poor blood

There are upper and lower chambers

y Upper chambers:ATRIUM (atria, plural)

y Lower chambers:VENTRICLES


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THE HEART (CONTINUED)

Valves: flap-like structures between the atria &ventricles; also where large arteries attach to theheart

Close to prevent backflow of blood

lub-dub, lub-dub sound of beating heart is caused byvalves closing

Tricuspid valve: located on right side betweenchambers (3 flaps)

Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve: on the left side betweenchambers (2 flaps)


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THE HEART

http://www.biologyjunction.com/heart_cross_section1.gif


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BLOODVESSELS

3 types:

y Arteries carry blood away from the heart

y

Capillaries tiny vessel where gas exchange occurs

y Veins carry blood back to the heart


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BLOODVESSELS

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/blood_vessels.gif


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ARTERIES:

Largest artery in the body: aorta

Have thick walls

Contain a layer of smooth muscle

High pressure (blood pressure)

Feel your pulse

Walls can stretch

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0520/5b0091a342fe4/5b0091a82c


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CAPILLARIES

Tiny vessels that allow the exchange of nutrients,

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other wastes

Walls are only one cell thick

Vary narrow

No cell in the body is more than 3-4 cells awayfrom a capillary


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CAPILLARIES

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_hhUdKwzDmA4/S1nCxXuA8gI/AAAAAAAAAZU/tgVjRa4NU_w/s1600/capillary.jpg

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/capillary.gif


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VEINS

After leaving the capillaries, blood enters the

veins

Carry blood back to the heart

Valves prevent blood backflow

Skeletal muscle contraction helps push bloodback to heart


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VEINS

http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/230998/230998,1265576888,6/stock-vector-anatomy-of-blood-vessels-from-artery-through-

capillaries-to-vein-labeled-46171528.jpg


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TWO TYPES OF CIRCULATION

The circulation between heart and lungs:

y PULMONARY CIRCULATION

The flow ofblood from the heart to the lungs and

back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries,

capillaries, and veins

The circulation between the heart and the rest of

your body:

y SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION The flow ofblood from the heart to all parts of the

body and back to the heart


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CIRCULATION LOOPS:

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0520/5b0091a342fe4/5b0091ab5bcf2.jpg


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CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS:

Causes:

y Smoking, high blood cholesterol, stress, physical

inactivity, heredity

Types of problems:

y Atherosclerosis

y High blood pressure (hypertension)

y Heart attack

y Heart failure


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BOOKREFERENCE:

Allen, K.Z. (2007). Holt science & technology life

science. Austin, Texas: Holt, Reinhart and

Winston.

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Cardiovascular System 7th Ch 23.1