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Cardiovascular System. Gilead -Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2009 Drug Safety and Public Health. Blood. Consists of: Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes platelets– thrombocytes. Figure 7.8. Blood Production and Disorders. Overview of blood production Disorders of erythrocytes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Gilead -Topics in Human Pathophysiology
Fall 2009 Drug Safety and Public Health
Blood
• Consists of:– Plasma– Erythrocytes– Leukocytes– platelets– thrombocytes
Figure 7.8
Blood Production and Disorders
• Overview of blood production• Disorders of erythrocytes• Disorders of platelets• Disorders of leukocytes
Blood Cell Production
• Occurs in bone marrow• Also called hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)• Stem cells are rapidly dividing• Requires iron, Vitamin B12 (and other B
vitamins), other trace minerals, vitamins• Controlled by chemical messengers• Has 5 lines of production
Blood Cell Formation Slide 13
Stem cells arelocated in redbone marrow
Stem cells multiply andbecome specialized Mature blood cells
Erythroblast
Myeloblast
Nucleuslost
Stem cell
Monoblast
Lymphoblast
Megakaryoblast Megakaryocyte Platelets
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Granularleukocytes
Agranularleukocytes
Whitebloodcells
Erythrocyte(red blood cell)
Blood Disorders
• Anemias• Thrombocytopenia• Leukocytopenia, leukocytosis• Clotting factor disorders• Lipid disorders
• Structure and function• Ischemic Heart Disease• Lexiscan, Ranexa• Heart Failure
Heart and Disease
Figure 8.7b
Cardiac Cycle
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFDdk0&feature=rec-HM-rn
Figure 8.14
Figure 8.15
Figure 8.11
Ischemic Heart Disease
• Coronary artery disease• Myocardial ischemia• Myocardial hypoxia• Myocardial infarct• Myocardial necrosis
Coronary Angiogram
From wikipedia
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Age
Male sex
Heredity
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease
• Diagnosis– BP monitoring– Symptoms– ECG– Angiogram– Stress Test
– Nuclear myocardial perfusion tests
Lexiscan
• For myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)• A2A adenosine receptor agonist• Vasodilates coronary arteries as if exercising• Injected into blood stream prior to gamma
camera scan• Can give a good indication of myocardial
perfusion
Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease
• Treatment– Coronary bypass
surgery– Angioplasty– Stents– Cholesterol lowering
agents– Anticoagulents– Antianginal
medications
Ranexa
• For angina• Probably changes ion channels in walls
of blood vessels serving the heart• Can be taken with other anti-anginal
meds• Very effective
Congestive Heart Failure
• Heart becomes weak• Blood backs up in veins and capillaries• Fluid excess in tissues• Symptoms include shortness of breath,
edema, difficulty breathing (especially when lying down,) difficulty exercising
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure
http://www.bangkokhospital.com/images/procedures/Congestive_Heart_Failure.jpg