CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) It is an emergency procedure that is used when cardiorespiratory arrest occurs, in other words, when the person does not breathe and has no pulse. It combines two manoeuvres: - Rescue breathing (which supplies oxygen to the person's lungs). - Chest compressions (to keep oxygenated blood circulating).

RESCUE BREATHING 1º. PREPARATION FOR BREATHING: a) Lay the victim down face up without a pillow. If they vomit water or food, twist the head to one side while they are doing so. b) Loosen (or tear if necessary) the victim's clothing which may press the throat, thorax or abdomen. 2º. BREATHING PERFOMANCE. Apply one of these two manoeuvres to open the airways depending on the situation:

IF WE KNOW THAT THE VICTIM DOES NOT SUFFER A CERVICAL INJURY: A. HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT MANOEUVRE: You have to kneel next to the victim who must be lying on their back and... a) Place one hand on the forehead and push down and back, using the thumb and index finger to cover the nose completely. b) Put the index and middle fingers of the other hand on the chin and raise it forward and up and open the mouth with the thumb. This way you achieve a good extension of the head and thus the opening of the airways. IN THE EVENT THAT THE VICTIM DOES SUFFER A CERVICAL INJURY: B. JAW-THRUST MANOEUVRE: Kneeling over the victim's head, you have to... a) Place your fingers behind the angles of the jaw and move it up. b) Use your thumbs to help position the jaw so that it allows breathing through the mouth and nose. The final position will be with the mouth slightly open and the jaw projected forward.

And then…

- Inhaling as much air as possible, place your mouth over the victim's and blow air in. - To make sure air is going in, check that the victim's chest rises when air is blown in. - Blow air in repeatedly (12 to 14 times per minute). - If the victim starts to breathe autonomously, blow in at the same time as they breathe. - Lastly, do not forget to take in enough air to avoid dizziness, etc.

- If it is a child, blow through the nose and mouth at the same time, moderating the amount of air and the intensity at which you blow.

CHEST COMPRESSIONS *ADULTS. If, in addition to not breathing, the victim has no pulse you should proceed to doing chest compressions along with rescue breathing, according to the following technique: 1º. PREPARATION FOR COMPRESSIONS. The practitioner kneels next to the victim at chest level, pressing the heel of the hand over the centre of the sternum. The palm of the other hand is placed on the first hand and elbows are extended. 2º. COMPRESSION PERFORMANCE. Press firmly and vertically about 5 cm deep at a rate of 100 times per minute, to the rhythm of “Stayin Alive” by The Bee Gees. After each compression, the pressure is removed to allow the rib cage, by its own elasticity, to return to its expansion position. - ALWAYS DO 30 MASSAGES AND 2 BREATHS - Verify circulatory efficiency by checking the pulse on the carotid artery every 2 minutes approximately. And so on, until the recovery or death of the victim. 30 Compressions + 2 Breaths

* CHILDREN. Start with 5 initial breaths and then, depending on the size of the child more than the age, there are three options: 1. Big children: the same as with adults. 2. Medium-sized children: Like the procedure for adults but compressing with only one hand. 3. Infants: 3.1. Hold them with both hands and use two thumbs (Picture 1).

3.2. Hold them with one hand and use two fingers (Picture 2).