Cardiology The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular...
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Cardiology The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures,
Cardiology The medical specialty that studies the anatomy and
physiology of the cardiovascular system and uses diagnostic tests,
medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat cardiovascular
diseases.
Slide 2
Figure 5-1 Cardiovascular system
Slide 3
The Cardiovascular System A continuous, circular body system
that includes the heart and the vascular structures (blood vessels
such as arteries, capillaries, and veins) Moves blood throughout
the body and transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and
wastes in the blood
Slide 4
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Heart A muscular organ
that contracts at least once every second to pump blood through the
body Has an extensive electrical system that initiates and
coordinates its contractions
Slide 5
Figure 5-2 Surface of the heart
Slide 6
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Heart Chambers The
heart contains four chambers, two on the top and two on the bottom.
Each small upper chamber is an atrium. Each large lower chamber is
a ventricle. The septum, a center wall, divides the heart into
right and left halves. The inferior tip of the heart is the
apex.
Slide 7
Figure 5-3 Chambers and valves of the heart
Slide 8
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Four valves
control the flow of blood through the heart: Tricuspid Pulmonary
Mitral Aortic
Slide 9
Figure 5-4 Aortic valve
Slide 10
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Heart Muscle
Mycardium composed of cardiac muscle Responds to electrical
impulses generated by a node within the heart itself Contracts in a
coordinated way to pump blood Thickest on the left side of the
heart
Slide 11
Table 5-1 Layers and Membranes of the Heart
Slide 12
Figure 5-5 Layers and membranes of the heart
Slide 13
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Thoracic Cavity
Contains the lungs and the mediastinum, an irregularly shaped
central area between the lungs
Slide 14
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Mediastinum
Contains the heart and parts of the great vessels (aorta, superior
vena cava, inferior vena cava pulmonary arteries and veins), as
well as the thymus, trachea, and the esophagus
Slide 15
Figure 5-6 Mediastinum
Slide 16
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Blood Vessels
Vascular channels through which blood circulates in the body Have a
central opening or lumen through which the blood flows Lined with
endothelium, a smooth inner layer that promotes the flow of
blood
Slide 17
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) There are three
kinds of blood vessels in the body, each performing a different
function: Arteries Capillaries Veins
Slide 18
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Arteries Large
blood vessels Smaller branches of an artery are arterioles
Slide 19
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) All arteries share
some important characteristics and functions: They carry blood away
from the heart to the body. They carry bright red blood that has a
high level of oxygen. Most arteries lie deep beneath the skin. All
arteries have smooth muscle in their walls. Exception: pulmonary
arteries
Slide 20
Figure 5-7 Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Slide 21
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels in the body The lumen of a capillary is so
small that blood cells must pass through in single file.
Slide 22
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Veins Capillaries
combine to form small veins known as venules, which then combine to
form the largest veins.
Slide 23
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) All veins share
some important characteristics and functions: They carry blood from
the body back to the heart. They carry dark red-purple blood with a
low level of oxygen. Exception: pulmonary arteries
Slide 24
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) All veins share
some important characteristics and functions: The largest veins
have valves that keep the blood flowing in one directiontoward the
heart. Many veins are near the surface of the body and can be seen
just under the skin as bluish, sometimes bulging lines.
Slide 25
Figure 5-8 Valves in a vein
Slide 26
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Aorta Largest
artery in the body Receives blood from the left ventricle of the
heart
Slide 27
Figure 5-9 Arteries and veins around the heart
Slide 28
Figure 5-10 Arteries in the body
Slide 29
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Arteries Coronary
artery Carotid artery Subclavian artery Axillary artery (armpit)
Brachial artery (upper arm) Radial artery (thumb side of the lower
arm) Ulnar artery (little finger side of the lower arm)
Slide 30
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Thoracic Aorta and
Arterial Branches The thoracic aorta travels inferiorly through the
thoracic cavity. It branches into arteries that bring blood to the
esophagus, muscles between the ribs, diaphragm, upper spinal cord,
and the back.
Slide 31
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Abdominal Aorta
and Arterial Branches Brings oxygenated blood to the stomach,
liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines,
adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, testes, and the lower spinal cord
Abdominal aorta ends where right and left iliac arteries begin
Slide 32
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Abdominal Aorta
and Arterial Branches Iliac artery Femoral artery (upper leg)
Popliteal artery (near the knee joint) Tibial artery (front and
back of the lower leg) Peroneal artery (little toe side of the
lower leg)
Slide 33
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) Two major veins of
the body Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Other major veins
Jugular vein Portal vein Saphenous and femoral veins
Slide 34
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System (contd) The Circulatory
System The cardiovascular system or circulatory system circulates
blood through the blood vessels. Systemic circulation includes the
arteries, capillaries, and veins everywhere in the body, except in
the lungs. Pulmonary circulation includes the arteries,
capillaries, and veins going to, within, and coming from the
lungs.
Slide 35
Figure 5-11 Circulation of the blood
Slide 36
Physiology of a Heartbeat Heart contracts and relaxes in a
regular rhythm coordinated by the conduction system Actually, med
terms kids make my heartbeat Sinoatrial node (SA node), or
pacemaker of the heart, initiates the electrical impulse that
begins each heartbeat
Slide 37
Physiology of a Heartbeat (contd) Heart contracts and relaxes
in a regular rhythm coordinated by the conduction system
Atrioventricular node (AV node) receives the impulse to contract
from the SA node Purkinje fibers, a network of nerves, cause both
ventricles to contract simultaneously
Slide 38
Figure 5-12 Conduction system of the heart
Slide 39
Physiology of a Heartbeat (contd) Two Heartbeat Phases Systole
(contraction) Diastole (resting period)
Slide 40
Figure 5-13 Exercise increases the heart rate John Garrett
Dorling Kindersley
