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Glass Industries ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS Architectural Glass Guide

Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

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Page 1: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASSGlass Industries

ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS

Architectural Glass Guide

Page 2: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Cardinal Loå Architectural GlassProducts Set the Standard

Cardinal Glass Industries isconsidered one of theworld’s lead-ing providers of superior qualityglass products. From themelting ofsand to producing clear float glassto the vacuumsputtering of silver toproduce low-emissivity coatings,Cardinalmanufactures the qualitycomponents and finished insulatingglass products used in top-of-the-line buildings around theworld.

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Architectural Glass Guide

Page 3: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Cardinal is a manage-ment-owned companyleading the industry inthe development of longlasting, energy-efficientglass products. We havemore than 5,500 employ-ees located at 29 manu-facturing locationsaround the United States.

At Cardinal, we try tomaintain a clear vision:design and fabricate themost advanced glassproducts in the industry.To sustain that vision, weinvest heavily in researchand development. Ourtwin R&D centers inMinnesota and Wisconsinprovide the basis for newadvances in glazing fen-estration.

Cardinal turns freshideas into functionalproducts that ourcustomers can use.We provide a turnkeysolution to ourcustomers whether itincludes insulatingglass, coated, laminat-ed, tempered or justplain float glass. Inevery case, our solutionsalways incorporate thelatest applied glassscience.

1 Overview3 Energy Terminology/Conversion Factors5 Coated Glass [CG]7 Thermal Performance/Performance Characteristics13 Loå Aesthetics15 Insulating Glass [IG]17 Wind Loads19 Glazing Guidelines21 Glazing Guidelines23 Laminated Glass25 IQTM Intelligent Quality27 Neat® Naturally Clean Glass28 Preserve® Protective Film29 Cardinal Locations

Cover Photos and pages 1 & 2:

Marina Bay Project: Singapore

Glass Product: Loå3-366

Project size: 35,000 Sq meters

Architect: Moshe Safdie and Associates.

Page 4: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Energy Terminologybetween 0 and 1, the smallerthe number, the better theglazing is at preventing solargain. It is preferred over theshading coefficient since it can beused for solar incidence anglesotherthannormaltotheglasssurface.

Relative-Heat Gain (RHG)The total amount of heat gainthrough a glazing system atNFRC/ASHRAE specified sum-mer conditions, incorporatingthe U-Value and the Solar HeatGain Coefficient. The conditionsare 230 Btu/hr/ft2 (726 W/m2),outdoor temperature of 89°F(32°C), indoor temperature of75°F (24°C) and 7.5 mph (12km/hr) wind. [RHG = U sum-mer x (89-75) + SHGC x (230)].Expressed in terms of Btu/hr/ft2.

Ultraviolet LightIn the solar spectrum (300 to380 nm), ultraviolet light is con-sidered the energy that accountsfor the majority of fading ofmaterials and furnishings.

ISO – CIE Damage FunctionIn the solar spectrum (300 to700 nm), the InternationalStandards Organization (ISO)developed a weighting function,recommended by theInternational Commission onIllumination (CIE) that takesinto account not only the UVtransmission but also aportion of the visible light spec-trum that can cause fading ofmaterials and furnishings.

Krochmann Damage FunctionThis function attempts toaccount for the fading potentialof all damaging radiation whichcan be transmitted throughglass. It covers a spectral rangefrom about 300 to 600 nm and

U-ValueThe heat flow rate through agiven construction is expressedin Btu/hr/ft2/°F (W/m2/°C) Thelower the U-Value, the less heatis transmitted through the glaz-ing material. Values given forsummer daytime are calculatedfor outside air temperature at89°F (32°C), outside air velocityat 7.5 mph (12 km/h), inside airtemperature of 75°F (24°C) anda solar intensity of 248Btu/(hr)/(ft2) (790 W/m2). Winternighttime U-Values are calcu-lated for outside air tempera-ture at 0°F (-18°C), outside airvelocity at 15 mph (24km/h),and a solar intensity of 0Btu/hr/ft2 (0 W/m2).

R-ValueThermal resistance of a glazingsystem expressed inHr•ft2•F/Btu. It is the reciprocalof U-Value, R=1/U. The higherthe R-Value, the less heat istransmitted through the glazingmaterial. R-Values are not listed.

Shading Coefficient (SC)The ratio of solar heat gainthrough a window to the solarheat gain through a single lightof 1/8” (3mm) clear glass underthe same set of conditions.Dimensionless and varyingbetween 0 and 1, the smallerthe number, the better the win-dow is at stopping the entry ofsolar heat.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient(SHGC)The fraction of incident solarradiation which enters a build-ing as heat. It is based on thesum of the solar energy trans-mittance plus the inwardly flow-ing fraction of absorbed solarenergy on all lites of the glazing.Dimensionless and varying

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Page 5: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

weighs each wavelength inrelation to the potential damageit can cause to typical materials.

Visible Light TransmissionIn the visible spectrum (380 to760 nm), the percentage of lightthat is transmitted through theglass relative to the C.I.E.Standard Observer.

Outdoor Visible LightReflectanceIn the visible spectrum, thepercentage of light that isreflected from the glasssurface(s) relative to the C.I.E.Standard Observer.

Visible Indoor ReflectanceThe percentage of visible lightthat is reflected from the glasssurface(s) to the inside of thebuilding. It is better to have alow visible indoor reflectance toenhance visibility when viewingobjects outdoors in overcast ornighttime sky conditions.

Solar Energy Transmittance Inthe solar spectrum (300 to 2500nm), the percentage of ultravio-let, visible and near infraredenergy that is transmittedthrough the glass.

Solar Energy ReflectanceIn the solar spectrum, the per-centage of solar energy that isreflected from the glass surface(s).

LSGLight to solar gain ratio. Theratio of visible light transmit-tance to solar heat gaincoefficient.

TO CONVERT INCH-POUND TO METRIC MULTIPLY BY

Inches (in) Millimeters (mm) 25.4Feet (ft) Meters (m) 0.305Square inches (in2) Square millimeters (mm2) 645Square feet (ft2) Square meters (m2) 0.093Pounds (lb) Kilograms (kg) 0.453Pounds force (lbf) Newtons (N) 4.45Pounds force/in (lbf/in) Newtons/meter (N/m) 175Pounds force/inch2 (lbf/in2) Kilopascals (kPa) 6.89Pounds force/feet2 (lbf/ft2) Kilopascals (kPa) 0.048Btu/hr Watts (W) 0.293Btu/hr/ft2/°F W/m2/°C 5.678Btu/hr/ft2 W/m2 3.15

Inch-Pound-to-Metric Conversion Factors

Project: Al Babtain Cultural Waqf Tower

Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait

Glass Product: Loå2- 270

Architect/ Consultant: Gulf Consults

Glazing Contractor: Yuanda Alum +

Gulf Glass Industries

Page 6: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

CardinalCoatedEnergy-Efficient GlassGoesFarBeyondOrdinaryLow-eGlass

LLooww EEmmiissssiivviittyy CCooaattiinnggss

LLooåCoatings applied to glass whichreflect long wave room side infraredenergy back into the room reducingthe U-Value. Emissivity varies from0 to 1 and the lower the emissivity,the lower the resultant U-Value.

Loå2 Second generation of Loå coat-ings which provide a high visible lighttransmission while offering a signifi-cant decrease in solar heat gaincoefficient and shading coefficient.These products have two silver layers in the coating stack.

LLooå33Third generation of Loå coat-ings which provide the best solarheat gain coefficient and shadingcoefficient with a high visible lighttransmission. These products havethree silver layers in the coatingstack.

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HIGH SOLAR GAIN GLASS[One silver layer]

Cardinal Loå-180® is the perfect cold remedy. Ideal for passive solar applica-tions, it allows winter sun’sheat to pass into the homewhile blocking heat loss tothe outside.

Page 7: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE GLASS[Three silver layers]

The new standard, Loå3-366®

(low-e cubed 366) delivers theperfect balance of solar controland high visibility - with noroom-darkening tints and virtually no exterior reflectance.It provides the highest levels ofyear-round comfort and energysavings, making it the perfectglass for any location. Thesecret? An unprecedentedthree layers of silver.

ALL CLIMATE GLASS[Two silver layers]

Cardinal Loå2-272® glass (pro-nounced low-e squared 272)delivers year-round perform-ance and comfort, whether it’s-20°F (-29°C) or 110°F (43°C)in the shade. In winter, itreflects heat back into theroom. In summer, it rejectsthe sun’s heat and damagingUV rays.

ALL CLIMATE SOLAR CONTROL GLASS[Two silver layers]

Where additional solar controlis required, with very littlesacrifice in visibility, Loå2-270®

is the ideal choice. Its patent-ed coating blocks 86% of thesun’s infrared heat and 86% ofthe sun’s harmful UV rays.

GLARE CONTROL GLASS[Two silver layers]

Wherever glare is a problem,Loå2-240® is a smart solution. It’sa specially treated version of ourLoå2-240 glass that not only controls glare but also blocksoppressive solar heat gain andmaintains cool indoor glass temperatures. Regular tintedglass works by absorbing sun-light, so the glass color changeswith the thickness and the glassbecomes hot in sunlight.However, Loå2-240 maintains itsappearance and performanceregardless of the glass thickness.It can be used for turtle glass codes.

For years, Cardinal Loå glass has been setting the standard forenergy-efficient glass. Our patented, state-of-the-art sputtered coatings are unmatched by any other glass manufacturer. Our hightransmission coatings are virtually clear, blocking the heat andreducing solar gain, while optimizing light transmission. In fact, ourLoå2 and Loå3 coatings actually outperform the tinted glass oftenused in warm climates. In addition, because our coated glass transmits more natural light and reduces solar gain, you may beable to reduce both lighting and air conditioning electrical loads.

Architects: SEIS ARQUITECTOS S.A

Project size: 3,500 Sq meters

Glass Product: Loå2 -240

Fabricator : Solaire

Curtain wall company : Solaire

Location: San Salvador, El Salvador

Page 8: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Unit Make Up Visible Light Solar Energy U Factor - Air U Factor - Argon Fading

Exterior Lite Airspace Inboard Lite Transmission Refl ectance Transmission Refl ectance SHGC SC LSG RHG BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K UV Transmission

Krochman Damage Function

ISO CIE

Exterior Interior Exterior Interior BTU/Hr.ft2 W/m2 Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 43% 7% 11% 17% 23% 47% 0.21 0.24 2.05 51 161 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.24 1.19 1.36 3% 14% 29%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 48% 7% 10% 26% 19% 37% 0.31 0.35 1.55 74 233 0.27 0.30 1.48 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 10% 23% 37%

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 31% 6% 10% 12% 14% 38% 0.17 0.20 1.82 43 136 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

*Gray Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 34% 6% 11% 16% 13% 33% 0.22 0.26 1.55 55 174 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 35% 6% 10% 18% 12% 30% 0.25 0.28 1.40 60 189 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 7% 17% 27%

Clear 13mm Loå 180® 77% 14% 15% 52% 18% 18% 0.64 0.74 1.21 150 474 0.29 0.30 1.62 1.72 0.24 0.26 1.33 1.47 24% 38% 60%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 19% 27% 28% 0.24 0.28 1.54 60 189 0.28 0.30 1.59 1.70 0.23 0.25 1.31 1.42 13% 22% 32%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 70% 10% 11% 35% 29% 30% 0.40 0.46 1.75 95 300 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 14% 31% 53%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 68% 12% 12% 31% 32% 33% 0.35 0.41 1.94 85 268 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 13% 30% 50%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 63% 11% 11% 24% 36% 38% 0.27 0.31 2.33 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 20% 41%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 10% 17% 8% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.48 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 5% 19% 33%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 9% 14% 8% 36% 0.24 0.28 1.54 59 186 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 13% 27%

Evergreen 13mm Loå2 270® 50% 9% 11% 19% 7% 32% 0.28 0.33 1.79 69 218 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 4% 16% 33%

Evergreen 13mm Loå3 366® 46% 8% 10% 16% 8% 36% 0.27 0.31 1.70 64 202 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 1% 12% 28%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 57% 10% 11% 24% 12% 32% 0.35 0.40 1.63 83 262 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 8% 24% 42%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 53% 9% 10% 19% 13% 36% 0.32 0.37 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 3% 16% 35%

Bronze 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 11% 19% 17% 32% 0.30 0.34 1.33 72 227 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 28%

Bronze 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 10% 14% 9% 36% 0.26 0.30 1.42 62 196 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 23%

Gray 13mm Loå2 270® 34% 7% 11% 16% 13% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.26 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

Gray 13mm Loå3 366® 31% 6% 10% 12% 15% 36% 0.23 0.27 1.35 56 177 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

SuperGray 13mm Loå2 270® 6% 4% 9% 3% 4% 31% 0.10 0.12 0.60 27 85 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 <1% 3% 5%

SuperGray 13mm Loå3 366® 6% 4% 9% 2% 4% 36% 0.10 0.11 0.60 25 79 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 <1% 2% 4%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 18% 24% 24% 0.24 0.27 1.54 58 183 0.27 0.30 1.53 1.70 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 12% 20% 31%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 68% 10% 11% 33% 24% 26% 0.39 0.45 1.74 92 290 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 13% 30% 51%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 66% 12% 12% 29% 28% 29% 0.35 0.40 1.89 83 262 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 11% 28% 49%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 61% 10% 11% 23% 31% 33% 0.27 0.31 2.26 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 19% 40%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 53% 9% 11% 21% 9% 27% 0.32 0.36 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 21% 38%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 49% 9% 10% 17% 10% 31% 0.29 0.33 1.69 70 221 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 15% 32%

6mm

3mm

8mm

Cardinal Loå GlassDeliversOutstanding ThermalPerformance

Depending on the application,the best glass product wouldhave a low UV transmission, ahigh visible light transmissionand a low near infrared trans-mission. Considerations of out-door aesthetics, color, glare,solar gain (SHGC), heat loss (U-Factor), comfort, visible lighttransmission, etc., should be takeninto account on any application.

All Cardinal Loå glass productscan be supplied in stock sheetsand can be tempered, bent andlaminated for stock delivery.Maximum stock sheet size: 96” X144” (2.43 meters X 3.65 meters)

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1. Data was calculated using the Window 6.3 computer program with NFRC 100-2010 environmental conditions.2. Gas fill: 90% argon / 10% air.3. Please contact Cardinal IG for availability of Loå Coatings on Tinted Substrates.4. Heat treatment of the tinted substrate may be required.

Solar energy can be brokendown into the UV, Visible, andNear Infrared spectrums.Characteristics of these energyspectrums are as follows:

• UV, 300 to 380 nm- Can causefading of furnishings

• Visible, 380 to 760 nm- Visiblelight

• Near Infrared, 760 to 2500 nm-Solar energy that we feel asheat

A comparison of the perform-ance of Cardinal’s Loå productsis shown below.

Page 9: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Unit Make Up Visible Light Solar Energy U Factor - Air U Factor - Argon Fading

Exterior Lite Airspace Inboard Lite Transmission Refl ectance Transmission Refl ectance SHGC SC LSG RHG BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K UV Transmission

Krochman Damage Function

ISO CIE

Exterior Interior Exterior Interior BTU/Hr.ft2 W/m2 Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 43% 7% 11% 17% 23% 47% 0.21 0.24 2.05 51 161 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.24 1.19 1.36 3% 14% 29%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 48% 7% 10% 26% 19% 37% 0.31 0.35 1.55 74 233 0.27 0.30 1.48 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 10% 23% 37%

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 31% 6% 10% 12% 14% 38% 0.17 0.20 1.82 43 136 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

*Gray Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 34% 6% 11% 16% 13% 33% 0.22 0.26 1.55 55 174 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 35% 6% 10% 18% 12% 30% 0.25 0.28 1.40 60 189 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 7% 17% 27%

Clear 13mm Loå 180® 77% 14% 15% 52% 18% 18% 0.64 0.74 1.21 150 474 0.29 0.30 1.62 1.72 0.24 0.26 1.33 1.47 24% 38% 60%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 19% 27% 28% 0.24 0.28 1.54 60 189 0.28 0.30 1.59 1.70 0.23 0.25 1.31 1.42 13% 22% 32%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 70% 10% 11% 35% 29% 30% 0.40 0.46 1.75 95 300 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 14% 31% 53%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 68% 12% 12% 31% 32% 33% 0.35 0.41 1.94 85 268 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 13% 30% 50%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 63% 11% 11% 24% 36% 38% 0.27 0.31 2.33 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 20% 41%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 10% 17% 8% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.48 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 5% 19% 33%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 9% 14% 8% 36% 0.24 0.28 1.54 59 186 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 13% 27%

Evergreen 13mm Loå2 270® 50% 9% 11% 19% 7% 32% 0.28 0.33 1.79 69 218 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 4% 16% 33%

Evergreen 13mm Loå3 366® 46% 8% 10% 16% 8% 36% 0.27 0.31 1.70 64 202 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 1% 12% 28%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 57% 10% 11% 24% 12% 32% 0.35 0.40 1.63 83 262 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 8% 24% 42%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 53% 9% 10% 19% 13% 36% 0.32 0.37 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 3% 16% 35%

Bronze 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 11% 19% 17% 32% 0.30 0.34 1.33 72 227 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 28%

Bronze 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 10% 14% 9% 36% 0.26 0.30 1.42 62 196 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 23%

Gray 13mm Loå2 270® 34% 7% 11% 16% 13% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.26 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

Gray 13mm Loå3 366® 31% 6% 10% 12% 15% 36% 0.23 0.27 1.35 56 177 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

SuperGray 13mm Loå2 270® 6% 4% 9% 3% 4% 31% 0.10 0.12 0.60 27 85 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 <1% 3% 5%

SuperGray 13mm Loå3 366® 6% 4% 9% 2% 4% 36% 0.10 0.11 0.60 25 79 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 <1% 2% 4%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 18% 24% 24% 0.24 0.27 1.54 58 183 0.27 0.30 1.53 1.70 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 12% 20% 31%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 68% 10% 11% 33% 24% 26% 0.39 0.45 1.74 92 290 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 13% 30% 51%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 66% 12% 12% 29% 28% 29% 0.35 0.40 1.89 83 262 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 11% 28% 49%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 61% 10% 11% 23% 31% 33% 0.27 0.31 2.26 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 19% 40%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 53% 9% 11% 21% 9% 27% 0.32 0.36 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 21% 38%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 49% 9% 10% 17% 10% 31% 0.29 0.33 1.69 70 221 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 15% 32%

6mm

3mm

8mm

Clear Glass

Loå2 272®

Loå2 270®

Loå3 366®

Loå2 240®

Loå 180™

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS(6 mm monolithic substrates)

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 300 380 500 700 760 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

Wavelength (nm)

Ligh

t Tra

nsm

issi

on

UV Visible Light Near Infrared (Heat)

Page 10: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE

EXTERIOR APPEARANCE

CLEAR GLASS

Loå Aesthetics

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EXTERIOR APPEARANCE

TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE

CLEAR | Loå-180

Page 11: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

EXTERIOR APPEARANCEEXTERIOR APPEARANCEEXTERIOR APPEARANCE EXTERIOR APPEARANCE

TRANSMITTED APPEARANCETRANSMITTED APPEARANCETRANSMITTED APPEARANCE TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE

CLEAR | Loå2-240CLEAR | Loå2-270CLEAR | Loå2-272 CLEAR | Loå3-366

Aesthetics of glass products – such as color, transmittance, reflectivity,etc. – are very subjective. Cardinal Loå glass is virtually non-reflective, andand its transmitted and exterior appearance covers a range of neutralearth tones. Viewing angle, sky conditions (blue sky vs. overcast), colors ofobjects being reflected, colors of materials behind the glass (e.g., blinds,draperies) and viewing distance away from the glass will have a dramat-ic impact on the perceived glass aesthetics. Using clear glass as a basis,the depiction below shows the transmitted appearance and the exteriorappearance of Cardinal’s Loå products.

Page 12: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Insulating Glass: A 70-Year HistoryInsulating glass was developed andintroduced to the commercial marketplace in the late 1930’s.Since then, it has been shown thatinsulating glass (IG) units with Loåcoatings and argon filling offer significant benefits over single-glazed windows:

• Reduced window U-factor saves energy in wintertime

• Reduced solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) saves onsummertime air conditioning costs

• Improved acoustical properties mean better sound attenuation

• Reduced UV transmission reduces the potential for fading offurnishings

• Increased roomside temperature of the IG unit in winterclimates improves comfort and reduces the potential forcondensation on the indoor pane of glass

• Reduced roomside glass temperature in summertimeconditions improves comfort

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Page 13: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Essentials ofmanufacturinglong-lasting IG unitsWhat makes a long-lasting IG unit? • Material selection of unit

components• Workmanship of unit fabrication• How the units are glazed

Material selectionThe sealant(s) used to bondglass to the spacer system isthe most important materialused in IG unit construction.The sealant(s) must resisttemperature extremes, UVradiation, moisture ingressinto the airspace and retainany inert gas in the airspace,i.e. argon. Cardinal has cho-sen a dual-seal system withpolyisobutylene (PIB) as theprimary seal and silicone asthe secondary seal.

In addition to sealant choice,spacer design and processingare also important. Cardinaluses four bent corners in ourconstruction which requiresonly one joint on the spacer.Many other IG manufacturersuse corner keys to attach thefour spacer pieces together.Four joints instead of one sig-nificantly increases the poten-tial for moisture ingress intothe IG unit airspace.

WorkmanshipCritical to IG unit longevity isfabrication consistency. Theremust be no voids allowed inthe seal system. Cardinal’sunique Intelligent QualityAssurance Program virtuallyeliminates anomalies in thefabrication process. Allinspections rely on carefullycalibrated scientific instru-mentation, so results areobjective. In addition, Cardinalmanufactures its own produc-tion equipment to ensure thatunits are fabricated with con-sistent high quality.

How the units are glazedIf an IG unit sits in water orthe seal system is over-stressed, there is no unit construction that will deliverlong-term performance.Cardinal believes that ourdual-seal construction is themost versatile IG seal systembecause of its excellentweatherability. In fact, in bothreal-world and simulatedweathering conditions,Cardinal’s dual-seal systemoutperforms other IG unitconstructions.

Cardinal IG Unit Cross Section1. PIB primary seal. Stops moisture from entering the airspace

and has the lowest moisture vapor transmission and argonpermeation of all known sealants used in the manufacturingof IG units.

2. Silicone secondary seal. Recognized as the best sealant forresisting weathering and adhering to glass substrates.

3. Stainless steel spacer (0.006in or 0.008in). Increased resistance to condensation and least stress on IG seal system.

4. Desiccant. Removes moisture from airspace and designed fora 125-year life.

Project: Capital Gate Tower - ADNEC

Location: Abu Dhabi

Glass Product: Loå2-240

Project size: 29,000 Sq meters

Architect: RMJM

Glazing contractor: White Aluminum

Page 14: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

6mm IG Wind Load Chart

13

8mm IG Wind Load Chart

Page 15: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Wind Loads and InsulatingGlass Size LimitsThe wind load data presented is based on ASTM Standard E1300-04 (Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance ofGlass in Buildings) for annealed glass.

The charts may be used by the design professional to choose theappropriate glass product to meet the wind load criteria speci-fied. The charts are for insulating glass units and assume four-sided support with support deflections not greater than L/175 ofthe span at design load, and a uniform 3-second load duration.

Breakage probability for insulating glass is 8/1000 units. By definition, breakage of either lite in an insulating glass unit constitutes unit breakage. The 8/1000 unit breakage probability isthe combined probability for both lites when the unit is exposedto design load.

How to use the wind load chart and design factors:

• Locate the long dimension and short dimension on the chart.

• Draw a vertical line from the long dimension and a horizontalline from the short dimension.

• At the point where these lines intersect, interpolate between thewind load (kPa) contours to determine the allowable wind load. Forwindload in PDF, use the conversion factor in chart.

• If the glass construction other than annealed-annealed is to beused, determine the wind load for the annealed-annealed glasswith the appropriate glass thickness, and multiply this wind load bythe appropriate load factor (see Load Factors at right).

Load FactorsAnnealed-Annealed 1.0Heat Strengthened-Annealed 1.11Heat Strengthened-Heat Strengthened 2.0Heat Strengthened-Tempered 2.11Tempered-Tempered 4.0

Note: Load factors assume the following:1. Heat strengthened glass to have a surface compression between

24.1 MPa (3,500 psi) and 51.7 MPa (7,500 psi).2. Tempered glass to have a surface compression of 69 MPa (10,000

psi) minimum.3. Duration of load is 3 seconds.4. 8/1000 probability of failure.

Project: Rotana Hotel @ Yas Island

Location Abu Dhabi

Glass Product: Loå2-240

Project Size: 7,000 Sq meters

Aluminum Contractor: Alico

Architect Consultant: ML Design

Page 16: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

GLASS TYPESAnnealed Glass: Annealed glass can be usedfor vision applications whereclear, tinted and Loå glassesare specified, provided theymeet the windload, thermalstress and building coderequirements of the project.

Heat Strengthened Glass:Heat strengthened glass isapproximately two times asstrong as annealed glass inresisting windload. If it frac-tures, it usually breaks intolarge sections (similar toannealed glass) and usuallyremains in the opening. If itmeets all requirements, codesand specifications, heatstrengthened glass should beused in all applications whereannealed glass will not meet

thermal or windload require-ments. Heat strengthenedglass can be used for all tint-ed, Loå and reflective visionapplications. It is the recom-mended choice for all spandrelapplications.

Tempered Glass: Tempered glass is approxi-mately four times as strong asannealed glass in resistingwind load. If fracture occurs, itwill break into very small par-ticles which usually will evacu-ate the opening and couldcause damage or injury topeople below. Because of this,Cardinal recommends that theuse of tempered glass in com-mercial construction berestricted to applicationswhere codes require safetyglazing, fire knockout panels

Association of North America)Glazing Manual (CurrentEdition). Failure to adhere tothe minimum recommenda-tions listed and those present-ed in the GANA GlazingManual may invalidateCardinal’s product warranties.

Glazing Guidelines

The following guidelines are

presented to assist the design

professional in the recommended

handling and use of glass

products offered in this brochure.

Guidelines are offered on therequirements of framing sys-tems to minimize the potentialof glass breakage and possibleseal failures of insulatingglass units. Additional glazingrecommendations may befound in the GANA (Glass

15

STRESS PROFILE FOR HEAT-STRENGTHENED GLASS

Compression(3,500 - 7,500 psi)

GlassThickness

(T)

Tension(2,200 - 3,300 psi)

0.21T

0.21T

0.58T

HEAT-STRENGTHENED AND TEMPERED GLASS COMPRESSION AND TENSION ZONES

0 Stress

0 Stress

GlassThickness

(T)0.58T

0.21T

0.21T

Compression

Tension

STRESS PROFILE FOR TEMPERED GLASS

Compression(10,000 psi minimum)

GlassThickness

(T)

0.21T

Tension(4,500 - 7,000 psi)

0.21T

0.58T

Page 17: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

or in non-hazardous applica-tions where glass falloutpotential is not a concern.

HEAT STRENGTHENED/TEMPERED GLASSMANUFACTURINGGlass tempering and heatstrengthening are processes ofheating annealed glass toapproximately 1200°F (650°C)and then rapidly cooling it withair. The resultant piece of glassis thermally strengthenedresulting in it being approxi-mately two to four timesstronger than a piece ofannealed glass. This increasedstrength is the result of perma-nently locking the outer surfacemolecules of the glass in com-pression and the center portionin compensating tension.

Bow/Warp: Since the glass is reheated toits softening point and thenrapidly cooled, a certainamount of warp or bow isnormally associated with eachpiece of heat treated glass.Generally this warp or bow isnot a significant factor to thedesign professional. On occa-sion it shows up as distortedreflected images under certainviewing conditions and will bemore noticeable as the out-door reflectance of the glassincreases.

Strain/Pattern: A visible phenomenon of tem-pered and heat strengthenedglass is a strain pattern thatmight appear under certainlighting conditions, especiallyif it is viewed through polar-ized lenses. The strain patterncan appear as faint spots,blotches or lines; this is the

result of the air quenching(cooling) of the glass when itwas heat treated and is not aglass defect.

Distortion: Distortion can occur in allglass products (i.e. annealed,heat treated, monolithic, insu-lating, coated or non-coated).These sometimes visible phe-nomena are the direct result oflight being reflected andrefracted at different anglesand speeds through unevenglass surfaces which occurredduring the air quenchingprocess.

Mirror-like images should notbe expected from glass thathas been tempered or heatstrengthened. Quality stan-dards for various sizes andthicknesses of heat treatedglasses are detailed in ASTMSpecification C1048-04. Someglass products will tend toaccentuate distortion levels ifthey have a relatively high out-door reflectance. Viewingangle, glass type, sky condi-tion, time of day, glass orienta-tion and the type and amountof reflected images all affectthe perceived degrees of dis-tortion in any glass product.Causes of distortion can beattributable to one or a combi-nation of the following factors:

1. Roll Ripplea. Heat treatment processfor heat strengthened andtempered glass

2. Bow or Warp (either positiveor negative)a. Heat treatment processb. Differences betweeninsulating glass airspacepressure and barometric

pressuresc. Difference between insu-lating glass airspace tem-perature and outdoortemperature

d. Static or dynamic pressuredifferences from indoorsto outdoors (i.e. windload,buildings internal pres-sure, etc.)

e. Glazing stop pressuref. Framing manufacturingand erection tolerance

g. Insulating glass airspacefabrication pressures

It is Cardinal’s intent to controland minimize distortion levelsin processes under our con-trol. The glazing system, tem-peratures and pressuresgreatly influence the amountof distortion. It is recommend-ed that the design professionalresponsible for glass selectionview a mock-up of the intend-ed glass choice in an environ-ment as close as possible tothe actual building site todetermine if the glass productmeets the aesthetic objectivesof the project.

Face Clearance, EdgeClearance and Bite: The glazing system shouldprovide recommended faceand edge clearances and biteto retain the glass in placeunder windload. It also shouldthermally and mechanicallyisolate the glass from theframing members to preventglass to metal contact.Sealants or gaskets shouldprovide a watershed with anapproximate height of 1/16”(1.6mm) above the edge orsightline of the glass framingmembers. The bite plus water-

Insulating Glass Framing Recommendations

Overall Thickness Face Clearance Edge Clearance Bite1” (25mm) 3/16” (4.8mm) 1/4” (6mm) 9/16 (14mm)

shed should be large enoughto cover the insulating glasssightline.

Setting Blocks: Glass lights should be set ontwo 80 to 90 durometer neo-prene setting blocks posi-tioned at the quarter points.When this is not practical, thesetting blocks can be installedto within 6” (152mm) of thevertical glass edge. Length ofthe setting block should be0.1” (2.5mm) in length for eachsquare foot of glass area, butno less than 4” (102mm) inlength. The setting blockshould be 1/16” (1.6mm) lessthan the full channel width andbe of sufficient height to pro-vide the nominal recommend-ed bite and minimum glassedge clearance.

Weep Systems: Water should not be permittedto remain in the glazing rab-bet. A weep system shouldincorporate enough weepholes to ensure adequatedrainage; usually this consistsof three 3/8” (9.5mm) diameterholes or equivalent, equallyspaced at the sill.

Framing Recommendations:The framing system shouldprovide structural support forthe glass and under designloads must not exceed eitherthe length of the span dividedby 175 or 3/4” (19mm)whichever is less. Horizontalmember deflection due to theglass weight should be limitedto 1/8” (3mm) or 25% of thedesign edge clearance of theglass or panel below, whichev-er is less. In dry-glazed gasketsystems, compressive pres-sure exerted at the glass edgeshould be 4 to 10 pounds perlineal inch (700 to 1750 N/n).

Page 18: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

3. Hot Summer Day with HighSolar LoadClear glass with its low solarabsortance is not affected bythese conditions. Absorbingglasses (i.e. Loå coated and/ortinted) can see a greater heatbuild up under these condi-tions. If the glass edge is shad-ed due to a window or buildingprojection, the non-uniformheating of the glass surfacethen can lead to thermalstresses.

Features that can affect ther-mal stress on glass are as follows:• Glass type (thickness, tint,coating type)

• Condition of glass edges• Shadow patterns on glass• Heat trap caused by closedblinds or draperies

• Amount of solar radiation • Outdoor-Indoor temperatures• Framing material• Glass size

Outdoor Shading: Static and moving shade pat-terns on glass from buildingoverhangs, columns, trees andshrubbery and other buildingscreate varying degrees of ther-mal edge stress on the glass.The glass type (clear, tinted,Loå), glass size and thickness,degree and type of shadowpattern, outdoor temperatureextremes and time of the yearall influence the amount ofthermal edge stress. If ther-mally induced stress is highenough, glass fracture couldoccur. In most applications,thermal stresses caused bythe above are not high enoughto cause breakage of heattreated glasses but couldcause breakage of annealedglass. Cardinal offers a glazingreview on projects to recom-mend specific glass types andtreatment to reduce the poten-tial of thermal breakage.

Indoor Shading: Draperies, venetian blinds orother interior shading devicesmust be hung so as to providespace at the top and bottom or

one side and bottom to permitnatural air movement over theroom side of the glass. Thefollowing criteria must be metto avoid formation of a heat trap:1. Minimum 1.5” (38mm)clearance required at thetop and bottom or one sideand bottom between shad-ing device and surroundingconstruction, or a closurestop of 60° from horizontalfor horizontal blinds.

2. Minimum 2” (51mm) clear-ance between glass andshading device.

3. Heating/cooling outletsmust be to room side ofshading device.

Heat strengthening or temper-ing of the glass may be neces-sary to offset the effects of alack of adequate ventilation.

The following are recommen-dations for blinds anddraperies to reduce glassthermal stress:1. Vertical blinds are recom-mended over horizontalblinds.

2. Dark blinds are recom-mended over light blinds.

3. Open weave draperies arerecommended over continu-ous material.

4. A closure stop is recom-mended on horizontal orvertical blinds to preventthem from closing com-pletely.

5. A natural air vent is recom-mended across the head ofthe horizontal detail.

Glazing Review: Cardinal offers a glazingreview with windload and ther-mal stress analysis on projectsthat will use our glass. To pro-vide a complete and thoroughreview, Cardinal requests thefollowing information:1. PROJECT NAME2. LOCATION3. DESIGN WINDLOAD ORWIND STUDY RESULTS

4. TAKE-OFF (listing sizes,quantities, and glass types)

THERMAL STRESS AND GLASS BREAKAGEWhen window glass is warmerat the center relative to theedge as shown below, theexpansion of the central zoneplaces a tensile stress on theglass edge. Based upon thecoefficient of thermal expan-sion for soda lime glass, a 1° F(.55°C) temperature gradientcreates 50 psi (345 kPa)mechanical stress in the glassedge. When the stress exceedsthe strength of the glass edge,a thermal fracture can occur.Low stress fractures, i.e. lessthan 1,500 psi (10,335 kPa)stress, can be characterized bya single fracture line perpendi-cular to the glass edge.Typically a flaw or chip can befound at the edge (origin) ofthis type of fracture. Higherstress fractures can be charac-terized as having multiple ventlines running into the daylightopening.

Basically there are three worstcase conditions in which toevaluate the stresses in glassand the impact on breakageexpectations. The conditionsare: cold winter night, cold win-ter day with high solar load, hotsummer day with high solarload. Each of these conditionscreates the following responsesin a sealed, double glazing unit.

1. Cold Winter NightUnder these conditions theinterior lite of glass will beexposed to the maximum ther-mal stress. The thermal resist-ance of the IG unit keeps thecentral glass region relativelywarm. At the edge of glass,however, the thermal conduc-tivity of the IG edge seal andthe frame design will drop thisglass edge temperature signifi-cantly. This warm center/coldedge condition now createstensile stresses and increasedbreakage potential.

2. Cold Winter Day with HighSolar LoadSolar absorptance in the interi-or lite of glass will increase itscentral temperature and theresulting thermal stresses. Inaddition, any shading devicesused on the inside of the win-dow will tend to trap and/orreflect heat back at the glass,further increasing the glasstemperatures. In either case,the effect of solar loads on theedge temperatures are mini-mal. This may lead to higherstress potentials than the win-ter night-time conditions if thesolar absorptance of the interi-or lite is greater than that ofclear glass.

Glazing Guidelines (continued)

17

1-1/2”(37MM)MINIMUMCLEARANCE

VENETIAN BLIND,DRAPERY

ORROLLERSHADE

2” (50MM)MINIMUMCLEARANCE

1-1/2”

GLASS

WARMTRYINGTO

EXPAND

COLD RESISTINGEXPANSION

TENSILE STRESS

Page 19: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

5. PRINTS, SHOP DRAWINGS,or other detailed informa-tion which will reveal thefollowing:a. Type and Color of Frame(conventional aluminum,rubber ziplock, struc-turally glazed, other)

b. Typical and ExtremeCanopy Measurementswith RespectiveElevations (left and rightprojections, overhang)

c. Location of any Set-Backor Inside Corners (listtrue elevation)

d. Glazing DetailsSetting blocks (type andqty/unit).Edge blocks (type andqty/unit).Edge clearanceBite weep systemGasket types;Wet seal (types andusage)Wall type (strip window,curtain wall, punchedopening)

6. AREAS ADJACENT TOBUILDING WITH HIGHREFLECTANCE (concrete,water, light colored sill oradjacent walls)

7. TYPE OF INTERIOR SHAD-ING (color, vented or not,drapes or blinds, open orclosed weave)

8. WINTER-TIME GLAZING ORNOT

9. ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFI-CATIONS

Customer Responsibility: It isthe responsibility of Cardinal’sCustomer to make certain thatthe above minimum and GANAglazing guidelines are fol-

Physical Properties of Cardinal IG UnitsGlass

Exterior (mm)Glass

Interior (mm)

Note: Thicknesses are based on ASTM C-1036 Std.

ApproximateWeight Lbs/ft2

OverallThicknessTolerance

MaximumDimension

Maximum AreaAnnealed Glass

DimensionTolerance

6.0 6.0 6.5 +1/32” (+ .8mm) 144” 50 sq. ft. +1/16-1/8”-1/16” (-1.6mm) (3,658mm) (4.6 sq.m) (1.6mm-3.2mm)

8.0 8.0 8.3 +1/32” (+ .8mm) 144” 50 sq. ft. +1/16-1/8”-1/16” (-1.6mm) (3,658mm) (4.6 sq.m) (1.6mm-3.2mm)

lowed. Other requirements, i.e.material submittals and test-ing, etc. may be requireddepending on the scope of theproject.

Glass Breakage: An extremely high percentageof glass breakage in monolithicand insulating glass units canbe attributed to:1. Glass damage to the surfaceand edge caused by poorhandling procedures and/ormetal to glass contact in thesash.

2. Windblown debris and fallingobjects.

3. Thermal stress caused by atemperature difference fromthe center of the glass to theedge of the glass. To reducethe potential of glass break-age from thermal stress,keep outdoor shadow linesto a minimum and follow theindoor shading and heatduct locations listed.

Causes of Insulating GlassFailure: Insulating glass sealfailures can usually be attrib-uted to:1. Incompatibility of glazingmaterials with the insulatingglass sealants

2. Water in glazing rabbet3. Non-support of both glasslights with setting blocks

Sloped Glazing: Any glass installed more than15° off the vertical plane isconsidered to be sloped glaz-ing. Ultimately, the safestpractical glass combinationswhich we recommend are tem-pered on the “top side” and

laminated heat strengthenedon the “bottom side.”

However, the design profes-sional must consider manyrequirements for each particu-lar project and choose theproper glass combinations.Generally, the following itemsshould be considered inproduct selections:• Safety for the occupants,should glass fall out afterbreakage

• Live and dead loads (wind,snow, rain)

• Solar exposure• Proper drainage• Proper security• Mechanical system require-ments

• Fire codes or other applica-ble glazing codes

• Design esthetics glazingangle

• Snow and ice build up whichcould create a safety issuewhen it falls

U-Values and heat gains forsloped glazing applications aredependent upon glazing angle,compass orientation andindoor thermal conditions.

Cardinal will recommend glassthicknesses for sloped glazingapplications, provided the fol-lowing variables are supplied:1. Architect’s Design Windload(psf)

2. Architect’s Design Snowload(psf)

3. Glazing Angle4. Glass Size5. Glass Construction

Coating Quality Specificationsfor Cardinal Reflective Glass:The following specificationsare applicable to Cardinal LoåGlasses when viewed against abright uniform background.

Vision Glass:Coating Uniformity: A slightvariation in color, reflectance,and transmission is acceptablewhen viewed from a distanceof 10 feet (3m).

GuideSpecificationThe following guide specifica-tion is recommended forspecifying Cardinal Loå insu-lating glass products:A. Cardinal IG Loå ProductsB. Dual Sealed InsulatingGlass: Butyl primary,Silicone secondary seal,Bent corners, Air filled orArgon filled

C. Certified through theInsulating GlassCertification Council (IGCC)or the Insulating GlassManufacturers Alliance(IGMA) in accordance withASTM Specification E-2190

D. Winter nighttime U-Value(see performance data).

E. Shading Coefficient, SolarHeat Gain Coefficient

(see performance data and glass type).

Page 20: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

19

Laminated GlassCardinal laminated glass consists of annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered glass with oneor more transparent interlayers sandwiched together to create a stronger, sturdier glass unit.We offer multiple interlayer options to meet various codes and security constraints.

Safety GlazingCardinal certifies their laminated glass products through the Safety Glazing CertificationCouncil (SGCC) sampling and testing program. The SGCC is an independent agency which

confirms that laminate products meet the following requirements:

• ANSI Z97.1-2009 Class “A” (0.030” interlayer and thicker)

• ANSI Z97.1-2009 Class “B” (0.015” interlayer)

• CPSC 16CFR 1201 Cat II (0.030” interlayer and thicker)

• CPSC 16CFR 1201 Cat I (0.015” interlayer)

Blast ResistanceCardinal laminated glass can qualify for the Department of Defense Unified Facilities Criteriafor blast resistance.

Glass GlassInterlayer

LAMINATED GLASS maycrack under pressure, buttends to remain integral,adhering to the plastic vinyl interlayer.

TEMPERED GLASS shatterscompletely under higher levels of impact energy, and few pieces remain in the frame.

ANNEALED GLASS breakseasily, producing long, sharp splinters.

Page 21: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Name Laminate Make-upVisible Light

Transmittance

Visible Light Refl ectance

Out In

Solar Heat Gain Coeffi cient

(SC = SHGC/0.87)

U-factor (Btu/hr/ft2/°F)(W/m2)

UV Transmission

Fading (Tdw)Krochmann

Damage Function ISO CIE

8.6M 3.1 / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 86% 8% 8% 0.76 0.97 (5.51) <1% 29% 60%

8.6BM 3.1 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 62% 6% 6% 0.66 0.97 (5.51) <1% 21% 43%

8.6GM 3.1 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 59% 6% 6% 0.64 0.97 (5.51) <1% 21% 42%

8.6NM 3.1 Green / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 80% 7% 7% 0.64 0.97 (5.51) <1% 27% 55%

8.6MX 3.1 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 61% 13% 13% 0.34 0.97 (5.51) <1% 16% 38%

8.6NMX 3.1 Green / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå3-366 56% 10% 11% 0.41 0.97 (5.51) <1% 14% 34%

8.6GMX 3.1 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå3-366 42% 8% 11% 0.37 0.97 (5.51) <1% 11% 26%

8.6BMX 3.1 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå3-366 47% 8% 12% 0.37 0.97 (5.51) <1% 11% 28%

10.1M 3.9 / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 88% 9% 9% 0.77 0.96 (5.46) <1% 31% 62%

10.1MX 3.9 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 61% 12% 12% 0.34 0.96 (5.46) <1% 16% 38%

10.1GMX 3.9 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 Loå3-366 39% 7% 10% 0.37 0.96 (5.46) <1% 10% 24%

10.1BMX 3.9 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 Loå3-366 43% 8% 11% 0.37 0.96 (5.46) <1% 11% 25%

11.7M 4.7 / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 86% 9% 9% 0.73 0.95 (5.42) <1% 30% 60%

11.7NMX 4.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 75% 7% 7% 0.59 0.95 (5.42) <1% 25% 51%

11.7GMX 4.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 50% 5% 5% 0.57 0.95 (5.42) <1% 18% 36%

11.7BMX 4.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 56% 6% 6% 0.59 0.95 (5.42) <1% 18% 37%

11.7MX 4.7 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 60% 11% 12% 0.35 0.95 (5.42) <1% 16% 37%

11.7NMX 4.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå3-366 55% 10% 11% 0.43 0.95 (5.42) <1% 13% 32%

11.7GMX 4.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå3-366 35% 7% 10% 0.37 0.95 (5.42) <1% 10% 22%

11.7BMX 4.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå3-366 40% 7% 10% 0.38 0.95 (5.42) <1% 10% 23%

13.6M 5.7 / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 84% 7% 7% 0.71 0.94 (5.36) <1% 29% 59%

13.6GM 5.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 43% 5% 5% 0.54 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 31%

13.6BM 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 52% 5% 5% 0.58 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 34%

13.6NM 5.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 72% 6% 6% 0.55 0.94 (5.36) <1% 24% 49%

13.6MX 5.7 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 58% 14% 13% 0.35 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 36%

13.6NMX 5.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå3-366 52% 10% 11% 0.42 0.94 (5.36) <1% 14% 33%

13.6GMX 5.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå3-366 31% 7% 10% 0.37 0.94 (5.36) <1% 9% 21%

13.6BMX 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå3-366 38% 7% 10% 0.38 0.94 (5.36) <1% 9% 22%

Notes:1) PVB green is the same as PVB blue-green2) Name Code: G = Gray glass, B = Bronze glass, N = Green glass, L = PVB interlayer, M = SGP interlayer, X = Loå3™ 366 coating

Performance SpecificationsCardinal laminated glass provides design flexibility to meet industry requirements. The performance tables below show characteristics of SGP and PVB Laminates. This represents a sample of possible laminate configurations and merely reflectssome of the major elements in glass selection.

Name Laminate Make-upVisible Light

Transmittance

Visible Light Refl ectance

Out In

Solar Heat Gain Coeffi cient

(SC = SHGC/0.87)

U-factor (Btu/hr/ft2/°F)(W/m2)

UV Transmission

Fading (Tdw)

Krochmann Damage Function ISO CIE

6.0L 2.7 / 0.030” PVB / 2.7 89% 9% 9% 0.80 1.01 (5.74) <1% 27% 59%

6.0GL 2.7 / 0.030” PVB Gray / 2.7 44% 6% 6% 0.63 1.01 (5.74) <1% 17% 33%

11.7L 4.7 / 0.090” PVB / 4.7 87% 9% 9% 0.73 0.94 (5.34) <1% 24% 56%

11.7BL 4.7 / 0.090” PVB Bronze / 4.7 49% 5% 5% 0.60 0.94 (5.34) <1% 13% 30%

11.7GL 4.7 Gray / 0.090” PVB / 4.7 51% 5% 5% 0.58 0.94 (5.34) <1% 16% 34%

13.6L 5.7 / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 86% 9% 9% 0.71 0.93 (5.28) <1% 22% 54%

13.6GL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Gray / 5.7 44% 5% 5% 0.59 0.93 (5.28) <1% 17% 33%

13.6GL 5.7 Gray / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 45% 5% 5% 0.54 0.93 (5.28) <1% 14% 30%

13.6BL 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 52% 6% 6% 0.56 0.93 (5.28) <1% 14% 32%

13.6BL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Bronze / 5.7 48% 5% 5% 0.58 0.93 (5.28) <1% 13% 29%

13.6NL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Green / 5.7 72% 7% 7% 0.67 0.93 (5.28) <1% 22% 49%

Page 22: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

21

Exterior ColorRoom Side Color and VisibleTransmission/ReflectionStrain MeasurementArgon-Fill Levels Coating Color

Count on Cardinal Glass toAlways Meet or Exceed YourSpecificationsCardinal I.Q. – our IntelligentQuality Assurance Program– ensures the quality ofevery piece of glass. Usingour own patented inspectionsystems, we thoroughlyexamine the glass from startto finish.

Page 23: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

IR Reflection Defect Detection Hawkeye Camera Tempered DistortionVision Scope andHawkeye Cameras

FLOAT GLASS I.Q.Float glass is the foundationof all Cardinal products.

AnnealingBy providing a uniform glasstemperature, this coolingprocess helps create theinherent strength of the glassand maximizes the ability tocut the finished product.

Strain MeasurementsThree different strain meas-urements are taken, so wecan precisely control thestrain on the ribbon whichalso affects the cuttability ofthe glass.

Thickness ProfileBy gauging the thicknessacross the entire ribbon, wecan determine if any portionis out of specification.

Defect DetectionOur laser system inspects100% of the glass, detectingdefects as well as ribbonedges, knurl mark and distortion.

Optimization SystemThis process arbitrates thebest cut for the ribbon, whichhelps maximize productionand efficiency in order to keepcosts down.

Emissions ConformanceCardinal is committed to theenvironment, and all facilitiesare equipped with the latesttechnologies to reduce emissions.

COATED GLASS I.Q.Cardinal employs patented,state-of-the-art sputter coat-ing processes that areunmatched by any other glassmanufacturer.

Exterior ColorExterior color is validated inprocess as well as off-line.This specific technology pro-vides analysis based on howthe complete product willappear in its final installation.Production measurementsenable us to statistically con-trol the existing process anduse the data as benchmarksfor continuous improvementefforts.

Room Side Color and VisibleTransmission/ReflectionCardinal-specific technologyprovides continuous load-to-load monitoring to validatefilm stack construction.

IR ReflectionThis measurement validates andensures coating performance bymeasuring infrared reflection.

Edge DeletionStatistically managing thisprocess ensures that cus-tomers will not incur edgedelete issues such as sealingan unprepared surface.

Performance TestingR&D conducted evaluationslook at every potential variablethat can arise along the way.Customized for production, in-process testing is continuousand recorded into our electronicQuality Management System.

TEMPERED GLASS I.Q.Cardinal tempering increasesthe glass strength to nearlyfour times that of ordinaryglass, while distortionremains minimal and color isvirtually unnoticeable.

Hawkeye CameraThis high-resolution, high-speed camera is used to detectscratches, coating faults anddebris on the surface.

Tempered DistortionCompetitive inspection sys-tems read the peaks and val-leys that develop as part ofthe tempering process butthey report only an average.And not all lites are meas-ured. Our state-of-the-artcamera system measures theentire glass, focusing on aseries of circles (similar topixels). The results representwhat the human eye sees.

Defect DetectionOur system accurately char-acterizes defects by size andsorts them according to ourspecifications. This preventsdefective glass from proceed-ing to high-value operations.

INSULATING GLASS I.Q.Cardinal IG units deliver out-standing thermal perform-ance and extremely low fail-ure rates.

Vision Scope and HawkeyeCamerasThis is where scratches, coat-ing faults and debris on theglass surface are detected.The systems accurately char-acterize defects by size andsort them according to speci-fications preventing defectiveglass from proceeding tohigh-value operations.

Edge ThicknessOur Press Master ensures theprecise thickness of each IGunit to within thousandths ofan inch.

Argon-Fill LevelsOur unique on-line systemmeasures the argon fill levelsof our IG unit and verifies ini-tial fill rates. Cardinal’s IGunits meet European stan-dards of argon loss not toexceed 1% per annum.

Coating ColorA Minolta spectrophotometerchecks color intensity andhue. To avoid rejection of theunit, each different coatingmust meet specific color values.

Center of Glass ThicknessWhere possible, we do a 100%sort inspection of all impor-tant attributes, including unitor center of glass thickness. Ifthe unit fails, it is not sealed.

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Ordinary glass versusNeat glass

Ordinary Glass (Hydrophobic) Water beads higher on rough surface of ordinary glass, causing more spots and

greater cleaning needs. Contactangle

Neat LoEGlass (Superhydrophilic)The smooth surface disperses water evenly, removing dirt

more quickly and reducing water spots.

NaturallyClean Glass

Windows clean easier andstay cleaner.Neat® coated glass harnessesthe power of the sun’s UVrays to loosen dirt so watercan rinse it away, leavingwindows virtually spotless.Windows clean easier andstay cleaner. Because Neatcoated glass is available withany of our Loå coatings, youget all of the Loå coatingperformance benefits as well.

The science of Neat coated glass.A variety of different technolo-gies go into manufacturingNeat glass. But the key tech-

nology—the one that helpswindows stay clean longer—is the super-thin coating weapply. Using our patenteddouble-sputtering process,we apply an invisible, durableand permanent coating of silicon dioxide and titaniumdioxide.The cleaning processstarts with ultra-smoothglass. Silicone dioxide makesNeat glass smoother as glassages. In fact, it’s muchsmoother than ordinaryglass. So water dispersesevenly, sheets off and evaporates quickly, greatlyreducing water spotting.

The sun and rain finish the job.Titanium dioxide reactschemically with the sun’s UV rays, causing organicmaterials that are on theglass to decompose. It workseven on cloudy days. When it rains, the decomposed dirt is rinsed away, leaving theglass almost spotless. Buildersand homeowners spend lesstime washing windows.

Clear advantages over competitive products.Neat coated glass allows more visible light transmit-tance than any comparablecompetitive product and isalso less reflective.

Contactangle

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Page 25: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

ProtectiveFilm

• Preserve film contains no harmful chemicals or by-products and can bedisposed of with normalconstruction site debris.

• Preserve film should not be pressure washed.

• Do not affix permanentgrilles or external fixturesdirectly to Preserve film.

• Acid should not be used on Preserve film.

• Do not use razor blades ormetal scrapers to removePreserve film.

• Preserve film is covered byone or more of the followingU.S. patents: 5,020,288;5,107,643; 5,599,422; and5,866,260.

At Cardinal our goal is toensure that glass leaves ourfactories in perfect condition.However, after it leaves the production facility, glasscan be damaged in shippingand handling. Glass can getscratched or damaged on thejob site during construction.It can also get spattered with materials used in the construction process, i.e., paint, stains, stucco, spackling, etc. Glass is also exposed to the dirtyenvironment in constructionthat will leave mud, dust and dirt on the glass.

With Preserve® film, cleanupis a snap. Preserve film is aclear protective film that isfactory-applied in overlappinglayers, ensuring that theentire glass surface is protected. It can be appliedto both the inner and outersurfaces of IG units.

After the job’s completed,Preserve film easily peelsoff, taking all the accumulateddirt and labels with it. There’sno need for razor bladecleanup so you reduce therisk of scratched glass andthe costly window replacementassociated with it.

Because Preserve film contains no harmful chemicalsor by-products, it can be disposed of with the rest of normal construction sitedebris. Preserve film savesyou time, money…and a lot of hassle.

Facts about Preserve® film• Preserve film incorporates a water-based adhesiveand is rated as a low density polyethylene.

• Preserve film should be removed within one year of installation.

Indo

orOutdo

or

Page 26: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

Cardinal Glass Industries is a corporation with five wholly-owned subsidiaries.Cardinal enjoys a broad base of domestic and foreign customers.

Company Structure

Cardinal IG Company (Insulating Glass)Fargo ND (T)Fremont, IN (T)Greenfield, IA (T)Hood River, OR (T)Roanoke, VA (T)Spring Green, WI (T)Tomah, WI (T)Waxahachie, TX (T)Wilkes –Barre, PA (T)

Cardinal CG Company(Coated Glass)Buford, GA (T)Northfield, MN, (T)Spring Green WI (T)Waxahachie, TX (T)Galt, CA (T)Tumwater, WA (T)Loveland, CO (Tempered only)Casa Grande, AZ (Temp. only)Moreno Valley, CA (Temp. only)

Cardinal LG Company (Laminated Glass)Amery, WIOcala, FL (T)

Cardinal ST Company(Solar Technologies)Spring Green WIMazomanie, WI (T)

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Page 27: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

CertificationProgramsCertification programs like these help us makesure that our product designs comply with government safety and durability.

Insulating Glass Certification Council (IGCC)Insulating Glass Manufacturers Alliance (IGMA)National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)Safety Glazing Certification Council (SGCC)Conformity to CEN (European Committeefor Standardization) Program Requirements

SSttaannddaarrddss aanndd CCooddeess By complying with established standards, ourinherent quality and product performance arefully recognized.

ASHRAEASTM InternationalCanadian General Standards Board (CGSB) International Code Council

TTrraaddee AAssssoocciiaattiioonnssCardinal supports industry efforts in research,education and the advancement of buildingscience through work with these organizations.

American Architectural ManufacturersAssociation (AAMA)Center for Glass ResearchInsulating Glass Manufacturers Alliance (IGMA)Society of Vacuum CoatersWindow & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA

CCaarrddiinnaall GGllaassss IInndduussttrriieessEden Prairie, MN, USA

CCaarrddiinnaall IIGG RR&&DDSt Louis Park, MN, USA

CCaarrddiinnaall CCGG RR&&DDSpring Green, WI, USA

Cardinal FG Company (Float Glass)Mooresville, NCDurant, OK (T)Winlock, WAChehalis, WA (TG) Menomonie, WIPortage, WITomah, WI (TG)

Page 28: Cardinal Architectural Brochure Glass

775 Prairie Center DriveEden Prairie, MN 55344 cardinalcorp.com

Glass Industries

©2011, Cardinal Glass Industries. All rights reserved. 5M 12/11

International Sales:

INTRACO Corporation530 Stephenson HighwayTroy, MI 48083-1131 USA

Tel: 248 585 6900Fax: 248 585 6920

e-mail: [email protected]