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Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
Jeffrey Burns, M.D., M.P.H. Chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine
Children’s Hospital Boston Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Pediatrics
Harvard Medical School
Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
• Why measure cardiac output, what is the endpoint we are seeking?
• Currently available minimally invasive cardiac output monitors
• ScvO2: the Canary of the body? • What about other biomarkers: lactate and B-
type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
3 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
• Why measure cardiac output, what is the endpoint we are seeking?
• Currently available minimally invasive cardiac output monitors
• ScvO2: the Canary of the body? • What about other biomarkers: lactate and B-
type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
4 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Why measure cardiac output?
Pinsky MR. Why measure cardiac output? Critical Care. 2003 Apr;7(2):114-6.
5 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
• Why measure cardiac output, what is the endpoint we are seeking?
• Currently available minimally invasive cardiac output monitors
• ScvO2: the Canary of the body? • What about other biomarkers: lactate and B-
type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
6 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
7 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
8 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Funk DJ, Moretti EW, Gan TJ. Minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring in the perioperative setting.
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2009 Mar;108(3):887-97 9 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
• Why measure cardiac output, what is the endpoint we are seeking?
• Currently available minimally invasive cardiac output monitors
• ScvO2: the Canary of the body? • What about other biomarkers: lactate and B-
type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
10 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Is SvO2 the Canary of the body? • Dueck MH, Klimek M, Appenrodt S, Weigand C, Boerner U. Trends
but not individual values of central venous oxygen saturation agree with mixed venous oxygen saturation during varying hemodynamic conditions. Anesthesiology 2005; 103:249–257.
• Reinhart K, Rudolph T, Bredle DL, Hannemann L, Cain SM. Comparison of central-venous to mixed-venous oxygen saturation during changes in oxygen supply/demand. Chest 1989; 95: 1216–1221.
• Lee J, Wright F, Barber R, Stanley L. Central venous oxygen saturation in shock: a study in man. Anesthesiology 1972; 36: 472–478.
• Chawla LS, Zia H, Gutierrez G, Katz NM, Seneff MG, Shah M. Lack of equivalence between central and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Chest 2004; 126: 1891–1896.
11 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Central Venous Oxygen Saturation: the Canary of the Body?
12 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
ScvO2 versus SvO2?
Pinsky MR. Hemodynamic evaluation and monitoring in the ICU. Chest. 2007 Dec;132(6):2020-9.
13 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
A decrease in SvO2 and ScvO2 represents an increased metabolic stress, because the O2 demands of the body are
not completely met by DO2.
14 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Central Venous Oxygen Saturation: the Canary of the Body?
15 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Rivers, E. et al. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1368-1377 16 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Rivers, E. et al. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1368-1377
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18 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
19 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
20 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
21 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac Output Measurement: When and how?
• Why measure cardiac output, what is the endpoint we are seeking?
• Currently available minimally invasive cardiac output monitors
• ScvO2: the Canary of the body? • What about other biomarkers: lactate and
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
22 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
23 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
24 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
25 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
26 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
27 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
28 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Risk stratification in neonates and infants submitted to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A multimarker approach combining inflammatory
mediators, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin I Fabio Carmona, Paulo H. Manso, Walter V.A. Vicente, Margaret Castro, Ana P.C.P. Carlotti
• High N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels pre-operatively and high IL-8 levels or low platelet count 4 hours post operative were independent predictors of LCOS.
• In addition, high cardiac troponin I concentrations 4 hours post operative and prolonged CPB duration were independent predictors of in-hospital death.
29 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac output measurement in children: What is lacking?
“Thus, what is lacking in cardiac output assessment in children? First, the new methods investigated…should undergo further validation in different real clinical situations. Second, the use of algorithms should then be applied in the management of children with shock and cardiac output measurement; this may be useful in the decision-making process and in the final outcome.”
Ronco R, Riquelme C: Cardiac output measurement in children: what is lacking? Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 May;9(3):333-4.
30 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009
Cardiac output measurement in children: What is lacking?
A good intensivst at the bedside is better than any single technology or biomarker!
Implementing the best evidence; do not forget to be a good clinician
31 Dr. J Burns, Chillan 2009