Carbs, Fats, and Carbs, Fats, and ProteinsProteins

Chapter 7 Section 1Chapter 7 Section 1

What is Nutrition?What is Nutrition?

Nutrition- is the science or Nutrition- is the science or study of food and the ways in study of food and the ways in which the body uses food.which the body uses food.

Nutrients- are substances in Nutrients- are substances in food that provide energy or food that provide energy or help form body tissues and help form body tissues and are necessary for life and are necessary for life and growth.growth.

Six Classes of NutrientsSix Classes of Nutrients

CarbsCarbsFatsFatsProteinsProteinsVitaminsVitaminsMineralsMineralsWaterWater

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

A class of energy-A class of energy-giving nutrients that giving nutrients that include sugars, include sugars, starches and fiber.starches and fiber.

FatsFatsA class of energy-A class of energy-giving nutrients that giving nutrients that are also the main are also the main form of energy form of energy storage in the body.storage in the body.

ProteinsProteins

A class of nutrients made A class of nutrients made up of amino acids, which up of amino acids, which are needed to build and are needed to build and repair body structures repair body structures and to regulate and to regulate processes in the body.processes in the body.

A Balanced Diet Keep you A Balanced Diet Keep you HealthyHealthy

Just remember that the Just remember that the food that you eat now in food that you eat now in your teens can affect the your teens can affect the risk of developing obesity, risk of developing obesity, heart disease, diabetes, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer osteoporosis, and cancer when you are in your 30’s, when you are in your 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s.40’s, or 50’s.

Food Has Fuel for Your Food Has Fuel for Your BodyBody

Metabolism- is the sum of Metabolism- is the sum of chemical processes that take chemical processes that take place in your body.place in your body.

Metabolism requires energy Metabolism requires energy and nutrients which it gets and nutrients which it gets from carbs, fats and from carbs, fats and proteins.proteins.

Fuel for Your BodyFuel for Your BodyEnergy in food is Energy in food is measured in Calories.measured in Calories.

Carbs.=4 calories per Carbs.=4 calories per gramgram

Proteins=4 calories per Proteins=4 calories per gramgram

Fats=9 calories per gramFats=9 calories per gram

Carbs.-Sugars:Sweet Carbs.-Sugars:Sweet &Simple&Simple

Sugars are the simplest form of Sugars are the simplest form of a carbohydratea carbohydrate

Glucose-is a single unit of sugar Glucose-is a single unit of sugar that circulates in your blood and that circulates in your blood and provides energy for your cells.provides energy for your cells.

Other Examples are: Fructose, Other Examples are: Fructose, Lactose, and Sucrose.Lactose, and Sucrose.

Carbs./StarchesCarbs./StarchesStarches are complex Starches are complex

carbohydrates. They are made carbohydrates. They are made of many glucose units linked of many glucose units linked together such as potatoes, together such as potatoes, beans and grains.beans and grains.

It’s recommended that 45% to It’s recommended that 45% to 65% of the calories in your diet 65% of the calories in your diet come from carbohydrates.come from carbohydrates.

Carbs./Glycogen:Storage Carbs./Glycogen:Storage CarbsCarbsGlycogen is made in the body. Glycogen is made in the body.

It’s made of many glucose It’s made of many glucose units linked together. It is units linked together. It is stored in the muscle and liver. stored in the muscle and liver. Glycogen can be broken down Glycogen can be broken down into glucose.into glucose.

If glycogen stores become full, If glycogen stores become full, the body is able to convert the body is able to convert carbs. from the diet into fat.carbs. from the diet into fat.

Carbs./FiberCarbs./FiberMade of many glucose units Made of many glucose units

linked togetherlinked togetherFound in fruits and vegetablesFound in fruits and vegetablesCannot be digested by humansCannot be digested by humansNeeded for a healthy digestive Needed for a healthy digestive

system.system.Soluble and Insoluble FiberSoluble and Insoluble Fiber

FatsFatsLipids-are a chemical compound Lipids-are a chemical compound

that are fatty or oily substances that are fatty or oily substances that don’t dissolve in water.that don’t dissolve in water.

Fats are large molecules that are Fats are large molecules that are made up of two smaller made up of two smaller molecules called fatty acids and molecules called fatty acids and glycerol.glycerol.

3 fatty acids linked to 1 3 fatty acids linked to 1 glycerol=Triglycerideglycerol=Triglyceride

Saturated FatsSaturated FatsAre fats that are made up of Are fats that are made up of saturated fatty acids.saturated fatty acids.

Saturated fat is the bad fat Saturated fat is the bad fat that can lead to obesity, that can lead to obesity, increase cholesterol, and increase cholesterol, and heart disease.heart disease.

Commonly found in ice cream Commonly found in ice cream whole milk, butter.whole milk, butter.

Unsaturated FatsUnsaturated FatsAre fats that are made Are fats that are made up of unsaturated up of unsaturated fatty acids.fatty acids.

Liquid at room temp.Liquid at room temp.Commonly found in Commonly found in plantsplants

Monounsaturated FatsMonounsaturated Fats

Unsaturated fats that Unsaturated fats that contain fatty acids.contain fatty acids.

Found in olive oil, peanut Found in olive oil, peanut oil.oil.

Lower the risk of Heart Lower the risk of Heart DiseaseDisease

Polyunsaturated FatsPolyunsaturated Fats

Found in corn oil, Found in corn oil, sunflower oilsunflower oil

Omega-3 which is found Omega-3 which is found in fish and seafood in fish and seafood provide extra protection provide extra protection against heart disease.against heart disease.

FatsFats

Total fat intake for teens Total fat intake for teens should be 25%-35% of should be 25%-35% of total calorie intake.total calorie intake.

Limited amounts of Limited amounts of saturated fat, cholesterol, saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fat.and trans fat.

CholesterolCholesterolAnother type of lipid.Another type of lipid.Needed to make Vitamin D, Needed to make Vitamin D,

cell membranes, certain cell membranes, certain hormones, and bile.hormones, and bile.

Your body makes cholesterol Your body makes cholesterol but you also get it from your but you also get it from your diet.diet.

Cholesterol Cont.Cholesterol Cont.LDL(Low Density LDL(Low Density Lipoprotein)-brings Lipoprotein)-brings cholesterol to the body cells.cholesterol to the body cells.

If LDL levels get to high then If LDL levels get to high then deposits of plaque form on deposits of plaque form on the walls of blood vessels.the walls of blood vessels.

LDL=Bad CholesterolLDL=Bad Cholesterol

Cholesterol Cont.Cholesterol Cont.HDL(High Density HDL(High Density Lipoprotein)-carries Lipoprotein)-carries cholesterol back to the liver, cholesterol back to the liver, where it is removed from where it is removed from the blood.the blood.

HDL=Good CholesterolHDL=Good CholesterolHigh Levels reduces the risk High Levels reduces the risk of heart disease.of heart disease.

Cholesterol Cont.Cholesterol Cont.

Cholesterol is only Cholesterol is only found in animal tissuefound in animal tissue

Cholesterol is not Cholesterol is not found in plants.found in plants.

ProteinsProteinsA class of nutrients that are A class of nutrients that are made up of amino acids, which made up of amino acids, which are needed to build and repair are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate body structures and to regulate processes in the body.processes in the body.

If you eat more protein than is If you eat more protein than is needed, it can be stored as fat.needed, it can be stored as fat.

Proteins ContProteins Cont..Amino Acids-linked together Amino Acids-linked together

like beads on a necklace to like beads on a necklace to make up each protein.make up each protein.

There are 20 different amino There are 20 different amino acidsacids

9 amino acids needed to 9 amino acids needed to make body protein can’t be make body protein can’t be made by our bodiesmade by our bodies..

Proteins Cont.Proteins Cont.

The 9 amino acids are The 9 amino acids are called essential amino called essential amino acids and must be eaten in acids and must be eaten in your diet.your diet.

The other 11 amino acids The other 11 amino acids can be made by the body can be made by the body and are called nonessential and are called nonessential amino acids.amino acids.

Proteins Cont.Proteins Cont.

Animal proteins such as meat, Animal proteins such as meat, eggs, and dairy products contain all eggs, and dairy products contain all the essential amino acids. Theses the essential amino acids. Theses are called complete proteins.are called complete proteins.

If you eat plants and animal foods If you eat plants and animal foods than you can easily meet all of your than you can easily meet all of your amino acid needs.amino acid needs.

Its recommended that 10%-35% of Its recommended that 10%-35% of total Calorie intake be from protein.total Calorie intake be from protein.