Carbon Management through

Innovative Transportation in

Lagos State.

By

Prof Olukayode Taiwo

Deputy Director (Safeguards)

LAMATA.

Introduction

Around the planet there is growing awareness of

transportation’s implication in atmospheric pollution and

Green House Gas (GHG) accumulation

There is also growing concern about the various social and

environmental problems associated with the globalization

of commerce

Efforts to address these matters have yielded mixed results

Contemporary issues fuelling sustainable

transportation

How best to contain or interrupt growth, and promote

improvement and use of transit, walking, cycling and

railways

How best to curtail transportation emissions

How to break out of conventional approaches to

transportation planning in order to attain sustainability

Lagos State

Metropolitan Lagos generates about 22million trips per day

Average trip length by Public Transport is 9km

Average trip length by car is 12km

Proportion of Vehicles with Petrol engine is 85%

Car ownership is growing at an annual rate of 5%

The urban transport sector is a major source of air and noise pollution in Metropolitan

Lagos

Facts about Lagos Transport

Key

Concerns

The poor are worst affected !

Metropolitan Lagos Transport Challenges

5

Increasing air pollution – impacting health and quality of life

Severe congestion - impacting social and economic activities

No regulatory public transport framework – with the poor often vulnerable to high cost of transportation

Pattern of urban growth – with the less privileged often commuting long distances

LAMATA Approach

LAMATA commissioned the following studies in a bid to monitor and reduce

GHG emissions within the metropolis :

i. Data gathering to implement GHG emissions reduction Assessment Methodology

for LUTP2 BRT corridors in 2013

• To estimate, post-implementation, the net change in GHG (CO2) emissions that is associated with the

LUTP2 investments

ii. The Lagos Air Quality Monitoring Study (LAQMS) in 2007

• To monitor and measure air pollution in Lagos

iii. The assessment of emissions from road transport (Oshodi – Obalende via Mile 2

and CMS BRT corridor)

• To assess the impact of the coming BRT on GHG emission

iv. Development of the Lagos Green House Gas emissions assessment manual to

measure the impact of new transport initiatives on GHG

Measures taken to monitor and reduce GHG emissions

LAMATA Approach

The Lagos Air Quality Monitoring Study (2007-2009) revealed that

vehicles contribute approximately 43% to the total level of air pollution

in Lagos.

Over a quarter of the transport sector contribution to GHG emission in

Nigeria comes from Lagos alone.

The emission factors for the Nigerian vehicles are close to the Euro 2

Standards which is 3 to 4 times of the European values.

Findings

Some images of Public Transport in the past

9

Cannot build our way out of

congestion but we can minimize

the impact through improved

public transport

Observed travel demand patterns in

Metropolitan Lagos in 2012

The demand for trips in Lagos Metropolitan Area by all modes

(including walking) was ~20 M/day.

Walk trips accounted for 40% of total trips in Metropolitan Lagos

The rapid increase in population and standard of living will bring the

daily demand for trips to ~40M/day by 2030

68%

3%

19%

9% 1%

Observed mode share of motorized trips

Bus

BRT

Car

Motorcycle (Okada)Water

Vehicle Ownership

Total no of vehicle fleet in Lagos State in 2010 was 1,037,191

Source : Extracted from ‘Motor Vehicles Statistics 2011’, Lagos Bureau of Statistics

Environmental Impact of Traffic Congestion

Vehicular traffic is one of the greatest causes of

environmental harm in Lagos.

Traffic consumes energy, and generates noise and harmful

emissions.

Carbon dioxide emissions from traffic are a worldwide

problem.

The quality of the air we breathe is diminished mainly by

traffic emissions, because the exhaust emissions are

released at a low level.

Vehicular traffic is the main source of disturbing

environmental noise.

With the increase in the amount of traffic the noise carries

increasingly greater distances.

Health consequences of pollution and congestion

More people now die from respiratory diseases in Lagos

Number of deaths against total numbers of cases from

respiratory diseases/ailments from the General Hospital,

Marina in 2008 was over 10% and is increasing every year

Exposure to air pollution such as vehicular emission

considerably triggers asthma symptoms and attack which

accounts for more than 50% of the respiratory cases

recorded from 2001 to 2006

– All these happens in an unplanned urban setup (especially where

the population is growing at a rapid rate) where infrastructural

facilities are decaying and proper transport planning is lacking

Vision for Lagos State 2032

To provide a modern integrated multi-

modal public transport system that will

make Lagos State a world class city.

The location of the 28 activity centers already

Identified

Proposed BRT Network

16

Proposed BRT lines

BRT Routes Length (Km) Passenger trips/day

Oshodi to Obalende via Mile 2

(Semi circular BRT)

28 250,000

Berger to TBS 26 180,000

Ikorodu to Mile 12 13 120,000

Otta to Maryland 25 200,000

Oworonshoki to Apapa 27 180,000

Berger to LASU 33 150,000

Berger to Iyana Isolo 13 120,000

Berger to Local Airport 8 95,000

17

Achievement : First BRT in Africa

implemented by LAMATA in March 2008

BRT EXTENSION: IKORODU - Mile12

Artistic Impression

Proposed Lagos Rail Network

20

Proposed Rail Network for Lagos State

Rail corridors Length (Km) Forecasted passenger trips/ day

Blue Line (Okokomaiko to

Marina) – already commissioned

27 400,000

Red Line (Agbado to Marina) –

under negotiation

31 800,000

Green Line (Marina to Lekki free

zone)

37 420,000

Yellow Line (Otta\MMA to Iddo) 34 400,000

Purple Line (Redemption Camp to

LASU (Ojo)

60 400,000

Orange Line (Redemption Camp to

Marina)

42 350,000

Brown Line (Mile 12 to Marina) 20 320,000

Monorail (Ikoyi/VI) 15 220,000 21

The two rail lines already at an advanced stage

of construction or negotiation

The elevated section of the Blue line under

construction

STATIONS: Okokomaiko, LASU, Volkswagen, Trade Fair, Alakija, FESTAC, Mile 2, Alaba,

Iganmu, National Theatre, Iddo, Ebutte Ero, Marina

Iganmu Station with rail track already laid

Interior of Iganmu Station

Key Statistics in Lagos State

Average trip length by Public Transport is 9km

Average trip length by car is 12km

Proportion of Vehicles with Petrol engine is 85%

Calculation of GHG Emission for rail assumes heavy

urban rail technology (“Metro”) powered by electricity

generated from a mix of coal, natural gas, and hydropower,

with high passenger use (75 percent of seats filled on

average).

The Big Moves in Lagos towards a Sustainable

Urban Transport System

Develop a fully integrated mass rapid transit system to cover activity

centers identified in the mega city region

– Six Rail Lines ─ One Monorail Line

– 16 BRT Routes ─ Over 20 water routes

– Key road projects

Introduce a common ticketing system to aid integration of public

transport modes.

Develop the waterways transport network to integrate with Rail and BRT.

Develop a ring road around Metropolitan Lagos to take pressure away

from the mainland.

Introduce traffic control centers to optimize the use of the existing

transport network.

Lagos Connect is now operated on BRT and BFS

LAMATA IS INTEGRATING THE TRANSPORT

MODES

CO2 emission is reduced by 50% under the 2032 STMP condition, compared with the

condition in 2032 BAU.

Summary of CO2 Emissions by Vehicle Type, after implementation of

STMP

Vehicle Type CO2 Emissions (in Tons) % increase in CO2 Emissions

2013 2032 BAU 2032 STMP 2013–2032 BAU 2013–2032 STMP

Passenger Car (P&D) 3,115.71 5,877.45 4,244.82 89% 36%

Danfo 2,638.65 4,977.53 - 89%

HD Trucks 2,264.12 4,057.46 533.88 79% -76%

Motorcycle 147.16 277.60 - 89%

BRT 45.79 86.38 460.70 89% 906%

Regulated Buses 30.53 57.59 1,238.14 89% 3956%

Water 5.73 10.80 21.60 89% 277%

Rail - 4.32 1,112.40 - -

Total Daily Emission 8,247.68 15,349.13

7,611.55 86% -8%

Total Yearly Emission 3,010,403.97 5,602,432.12

2,778,214.59 86% -8%

*BAU – Business As Usual; STMP – Strategic Transport Master Plan*

Impact of the Strategic Transport Master Plan

Source: LAMATA GHG Emissions

Handbook

The Strategic Transport Master Plan is set to reduce GHG Emission in Lagos by

50% in the year 2032

Without the master plan, GHG Emission is set to increase by 86% in 2032

compared to the current 2013 GHG emission

With the master plan in place, GHG Emission will reduce by 8% in 2032 compared

to the current GHG Emission despite the population of Lagos increasing from 22m

to almost 40m

Conclusion