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LowCarbonDevelopmentStrategyforCambodiatoward2050‐APreliminaryStudy‐
Thisreportintroducesanongoingstudyonsystematicandquantitativedesignoflowcarbondevelop‐mentactioninCambodia.Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoformulateandproposeaconcretelowcarbon development strategy in Cambodia towards 2050 and to engage research collaboration be‐tweentheRoyalGovernmentofCambodiaandtheresearchinstitutesinJapan.Thisresearchisbeingconducted inacollaborationbetweentheMinistryofenvironmentandRoyalUniversityofAgricul‐ture,CambodiaandKyotoUniversity(KU),InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES),andNationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies(NIES),Japan.WhydoesCambodianeedLowCarbonDevelopment?Low‐CarbonDevelopmentisaguidingprin‐cipleandstrategytoturnthechallengesintoopportunitiessothatCambodiacanmakeheadwayto‐wardssustainableeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalsustainabilitywithmitigatingGHGemissionsintotheatmosphere.HowistheLowCarbonDevelopmentStrategydevelopedinCambodia?Thisstudysofarhasidenti iedtheFourPolicies:
Policy1:GreenEnvironmentPolicy2:HarmonizationofGreenEconomy,SocietyandCulturePolicy3:BlueEconomyPolicy4:Eco‐Village
toachievelowcarbondevelopmentinCambodia,andtoattaintheFourPolicies,adozenstrategies
Sustainableforestmanagementstrategy● Effective forest concessionmanagement through implementing effective law enforcementagainstillegallogging
● PromotionandimplementationofREDD+● Increasingcarbonsequestrationviaforestrestorationandreplantation● Forestecosystemconservationandmanagement
Sustainablewastemanagementstrategy● Developmentofenvironmentallysoundtechnologyland illsitesthroughwastemanagementstrategy/plan,wastecollectionandsegregation
● Minimizationofwasteandby‐productsandmaximumuseofrenewableresourcesbyimple‐menting3Rprincipleandpromotewaste‐to‐energytechnologies
● Environmentallysoundwastemanagementthroughallocationofwastedeposal/storageandpropercontrolofsecondhandgoodsimport
● Promotionoflocallevelself‐governanceandleadershiptoimprovede‐centralizedcoordina‐tionofwastemanagementandsegregation
Greenagriculturemanagementstrategy● Promotionofclimate‐smartagriculturewhichincreasesproductivity,resilience(adaptation),andreduces/removesgreenhousegases(mitigation)whileenhancingnationalfoodsecurity
● PromotionofEco‐agriculturethroughtheuseoforganicfertilizersuchasbiomasswaste,bio‐slurry,compostandlivestockmanure
● Introductionand implementationofsystemofrice intensi ication(SRI) to increaseyieldofricewithoutpurchasedinputs
● Introductionandimplementationofintegratedfarmingsystem(IFS)● Sustainablelanduseandlandmanagementforagriculturepurpose
Greentransportmanagementstrategy● Promotionofpublictransportinmajorcitiesbyintensiveurbanmathtransitfacilities,bettertraf icmanagementanddevelopmentofnon‐motorizedtransportinfrastructure
● Greenbeltdevelopmentbyplantingtreesalongtheroadsandparks● Freightmodalshiftforlong‐distanceshipment● Introductionoflow‐emissionandenergy‐ef icientvehicles● Improvementofpublictransportserviceintheruralareaswiththedevelopmentof infrastructureforbuswithreliableandaffordableprice
Greenenergymanagementstrategy● Encouraging the use of renewable energy through construction of hydro power plants andprivatesectorparticipationwithsolar,wind,mini‐hydro,tidal,andbiogas/biomass,etc.
● Encouragingtheuseofsmartapplianceandhomeautomationsystemincludingenergysavingappliance,powercontroldevise,and ireprotectionandelectricityappliancemaintenance
● Encouragingallinstitutionsandhouseholdstosaveenergy
FourPoliciesand
Policy2:HarmonizationofGreenEconomy,Society,andCulture
Policy1:GreenEnvironment
Greentourismmanagementstrategy ● Promotionandimplementationofcleancity,cleanresortandgoodservices● Promotionoftouristattractionthroughintroducingculturalheritagesandnaturaltourism (eco‐tourism)‐Cambodia‐KingdomofWonder● Promotionofgrouptourwithcomfortablepublictransport● Promotionofgreen lagcompetitionandgreenaward● Encouragingtouriststorecyclewasteandtoreduceemission
Greenbuildingdesignandconstructionstrategy● Promotionandimplementationofgreenbuildingdesignsandconstructionsthroughencourag‐ingtheuseofenergyef icientmaterials
● Increasingtheuseofwoodforclimatesmartbuildingsandencouragingtreeplanting● Encouragingembeddingrenewableenergyandenergysavingapplianceinthebuildingdesign
GreenGoodGovernanceandhumanresourcedevelopmentstrategy
● Integratinggreenconceptintocurriculumfromprimaryeducationtohigheroneaswellasvoca‐tionalandtraining
● Introducingandimprovingthegreeninstitutionalmanagementandarrangement● Implementinggreenmanagementinitiativesandintellectualcapitalandgreenjob● Introducingandencouraginggreenconceptintolocalcommunitiestoseektheir participationfornaturalresourcemanagement● Increasinghumanresourcedevelopmentthroughoutthecountryconsideringyouthand genderparticipationforlowcarbonsociety
Green inancialmobilizationstrategy● Green inancialincentivesincludinggreentaxandsubsidy● Adoptionofgreenbudgetreform● ImplementingPayment forEnvironmental Services basedonpolluter paysprinciple to pro‐motetheinternalizationofenvironmentalcosts
● Conductingfundmobilizationfromdevelopmentpartnersforgreendevelopment● Development of a sound market‐based inancial system to support resource mobilization,effective inancialresourceallocation
Greentechnologyandinvestmentstrategy● Promotionofgreenindustriesandindustrialecology● Implementationoftransferofgreentechnologiessuchascleanerproduction,sustainable productinnovation,renewableenergyutilization● Encouragingandincentivizingtheinvestmentineffectiveenvironmentalprotectionandnaturalresourcemanagement
● Promotionofgreenbusinesscompetitionandgreencredit
Greenmerchantmarineandsustainablecoastalzonemanagementstrategy
● Introductionofemissionstandardinmaritimetransportthroughinspectionandmaintenancesystem
● Promotionofintegratedcoastalzonemanagement● Development and enforcement of the ballast watermanagement to control marine invasivespecies
Lowcarboninfrastructuredevelopmentstrategy● Implementationofdecentralizedmanagementsystemforasustainableurbanenvironmentandbettermobility
● Construction and rehabilitation of rural roads to facilitate local transportation, and makingtransitpointtoimproveconnectionfromonevillagetoanother
● Designingwalkablecitythroughprovidingcomfortableandsafepavement● Designingastandardroadfacilitytodifferentiatebetweenvehicle,motorist,andcyclistlanetoavoidroadaccidentandtraf iccongestion
Policy3:BlueEconomy
Policy4:Eco‐Village
aDozenStrategies
MethodologyThecurrentresearchhasbeenidenti iedfourtangiblepolicesforlowcarbondevelopmentplanandadozenstrategiestoreachthepolicies.Inordertoconductquantitativeanalysisofthestrategies,acoupleofnumericalmodels:ExtendedSnapshotTool(ExSS)andAgriculture,ForestryandotherLanduseActivitymodel(AFOLUA)isbeingdevelopedandapplied.Themodelsprojectquantitativefutureactivitiesandenvironmentalloads,andidentifymeasurestobeimplementedinordertoachievecertainenvironmentalandothertargets.Necessaryinfor‐mationtoapplythemodelsincludes:Demography,Economy,PassengerTransport,FreightTransportVolume,Energy,Agriculture,LandUse,andWasteaswellasfuturegoalsofnationaldevelopmentinvarious ield.
Taskforces:
Name Af iliation Position
Mr.HakMao MoE,CambodiaandKyotoUniversity,Japan ChiefofOf ice(MoE)andDoctoralCandidate
Mr.KimSoben RoyalUniversityofAgriculture,Cambodia Lecturer
Dr.KeiGomi KyotoUniversity,Japan ResearchFellow
Ms.TomokoIshikawa IGES,Japan Secretary
Ms.TakakoWakiyama IGES,Japan Researcher
Dr.JunichiFujino NIES,Japan SeniorResearcher
Ms.YumikoAsayama NIES,Japan Researcher
ContactaddressHakMaoEmail:[email protected]:#48PreahSihanoukBlvd,Chamkarmon,MinistryofEnvironment,PhnomPenh,CAMBODIAAddressinJapan:DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,KyotoUniversityC‐cluster,KyotodaigakuKatsura,Nishikyo‐ku,Kyoto,615‐8540,JAPAN
Name Af iliation Position
Dr.TinPonlok MinistryofEnvironment(MoE),Cambodia DeputyDirectorGeneral
Mr.SumThy MoE,Cambodia DirectorofClimateChangeDepartment
Prof.YuzuruMatsuoka KyotoUniversity,Japan Professor
Dr.ShuzoNishioka InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies(IGES),Japan SeniorResearchAdvisor
Dr.MikikoKainuma NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies(NIES), Japan Fellow
Advisors:
