Carbon Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as: Carbon
dioxide (CO 2 ) Carbonic acid ( HCO 3 - ) Carbonate rocks
(limestone and corals = CaCO 3 ) Deposits of Fossil fuels Dead
organic matter
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Carbon reservoirs The atmosphere (carbon dioxide) The biosphere
(include fresh water systems and non-living organic material, such
as soil carbon) The oceans ( including dissolved inorganic carbon
and living and non-living marine biota) The lithosphere (sediments,
Earth core including fossil fuels)
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Carbon reservoirs
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Carbon in Oceans Additional carbon is stored in the ocean. Many
animals pull carbon from water to use in shells, etc. Animals die
and carbon substances are deposited at the bottom of the ocean.
Oceans contain earths largest store of carbon.
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Carbon Cycle The same carbon atoms are used repeatedly on
earth. They cycle between the earth and the atmosphere.
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Plants Use Carbon Dioxide Plants pull carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and use it to make food photosynthesis. The carbon
becomes part of the plant (stored food).
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Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O + sunlight CH 2 O + O 2
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Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
Photosynthesis. The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more
CO 2 dissolve and become carbonic acid. In the upper ocean areas
organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.
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Animals Eat Plants When organisms eat plants, they take in the
carbon and some of it becomes part of their own bodies.
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Plants and Animal Die When plants and animals die, most of
their bodies are decomposed and carbon atoms are returned to the
atmosphere. Some are not decomposed fully and end up in deposits
underground (oil, coal, etc.).
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Carbon Slowly Returns to Atmosphere Carbon in rocks and
underground deposits is released very slowly into the atmosphere.
This process takes many years.
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Carbon is released into the atmosphere in several ways
Respiration by plants and animals. Decay of animal and plant
matter. Combustion of organic material Production of cement. The
ocean releases CO 2 into the atmosphere. Volcanic eruptions and
metamorphism
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Respiration CH 2 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy
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Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon CH 4 + 2 O 2 CO 2 + 2
H 2 O + energy
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Carbon Cycle Diagram Carbon in Atmosphere Plants use carbon to
make food Animals eat plants and take in carbon Plants and animals
die Decomposers break down dead things, releasing carbon to
atmosphere and soil Bodies not decomposed after many years, become
part of oil or coal deposits Fossil fuels are burned; carbon is
returned to atmosphere Carbon slowly released from these substances
returns to atmosphere
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The Carbon Cycle
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Human Impact Fossil fuels release carbon stores very slowly
Burning anything releases more carbon into atmosphere especially
fossil fuels
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Fossil Fuels Petroleum Natural Gas Coal
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Fossil Fuel 86% of global primary energy consumption is fossil
fuels.
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Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle Burning fossil fuels have
serious impact on the carbon cycle.
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Keeling Curve
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Green House Effect-Global Warming Increased carbon dioxide in
atmosphere increases global warming
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Result
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What We Need to Do Burn less, especially fossil fuels Promote
plant life, especially trees Fewer plants mean less CO 2 removed
from atmosphere