CARBON COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 2, SECTION 3

CARBON is the principle element in the large molecules that organisms make and use

ORGANIC compounds contain carbonINORGANIC compounds are all the other compounds

Carbon has _____ valence electrons and can easily bond with other atoms to make large, complex molecules

Most complex macromolecules are POLYMERS which are made up of smaller units called MONOMERS

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CARBOHYDRATESContain Carbon, Hydrogen, & OxygenSugars and StarchesStore chemical ENERGY and have some structural purposesVariable in Size SMALL

MONOMERMonosaccharide Simple Sugars

EX: GlucoseDisaccharide Glucose + Fructose =

SUCROSE

LARGEPOLYMER

Polysaccharide Many Glucose =STARCH

CARBOHYDRATESPOLAR molecules, but solubility in water depends on size

Simple sugars such as glucose supply immediate energy for cell activities

Living things store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates such as starch or glycogen

LIPIDSContain mostly Carbon and HydrogenFats, Oils, and Waxes Store ENERGY and are a structural component of biological MEMBRANESNONPOLAR molecules formed from a Glycerol molecule and Fatty Acid Chains

NUCLEIC ACIDSContain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and PhosphorousMolecules of INHERITANCE (DNA and RNA)Assembled from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES

PROTEINSContain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NitrogenMade of monomers called AMINO ACIDSAmino Acids are joined by peptide bonds, therefore another name for a protein is POLYPEPTIDEThere are 4 levels of structural organization

PROTEINSProteins are very diverse and have different functions:

Aid in chemical reactions (enzymes)Help fight disease (antibodies)Build bone and muscle tissueHelp transport substances in/out of cellHelp regulate cell processes