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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION
VOLUME 2ISSUE 6SEPTEMbER 2012
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Carbon blaCks in PlastiCs aPPliCations,
PerformanCe & seleCtion Criteria
Carbon black is an important and versatile ingredient for plastics compounders. It can contribute colour,
opacity, electrical conductivity and protection from ultra-violet degradation. The choice of carbon black is
dependent on the final product requirements. In this regard, Aditya Birla carbon is unique in its ability to
provide low viscosity concentrates and compounds with high volume resistivity.
Particle size and structure (degree of permanent particle aggregation) are the two most important
characteristics of a carbon black in determining its performance.
The different end user requirements of carbon black in plastics applications, the larger volume of carbon
black is used in rubber applications, the critical requirements of these products are much different than the
needs in plastics applications such as molding and fiber. It is recommended to evaluate the end use product
requirements and manufacturing process when choosing a carbon black. Aditya Birla Hi-Tech Carbon black
have developed specialty grades of carbon black to meet the needs of the plastics market.
Plastic ApplicationsCarbon black is typically used in thermoplastics to impart at least one the properties below
f Colour
f UV Protection
f Conductivity
Since most thermoplastics are rigid at the end use temperature, the reinforcing effects of the carbon black
have to be balanced with desired end use mechanical properties. In addition, the carbon black contaminants
such as grit, ash and sulfur have a more crucial impact on the thermoplastic’s mechanical properties and the
processing of these materials. For plastics applications involving color and UV protection, carbon black is
typically dispersed into a plastic master batch at a high dosage, 25 to 40% by weight. High shear equipment
such as an internal mixer, continuous mixer or twin screw extruder is commonly used to break the carbon
black down to the aggregate size. These concentrates are then diluted down in a compounding stage or at
the converter stage to the end use dosage which is typically 0.5% to 3.0% for mass tone and UV protective
applications. Below figure gives an example for the typical supply chain for carbon black used as a colorant
in plastics.
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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 6 • SEPTEMbER 2012
Typical Carbon Black Supply Chain
Carbon Black Suppliers
Masterbatch Producers
Compounders
Commodity Polymers (Eg. PE, PS, PVC, etc)
Engineering Polymers (Eg. ABS, PC, PA, etc)
Converters
Equipment Manufacturers
For plastics application involving conductivity, a higher end use dosage is required to form a conductive network. Typically compounders will use the carbon black directly rather than diluting a master batch to meet the application requirements.
Carbon Black is used in many key plastic segments which include:
f Molding
f Film
f Pipe
f Fiber
f Cable
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION
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MoldingCarbon black used in molding applications can be found in a number of market segments which include
automotive, electronics and household appliances. Each segment has specific requirements, however; color
strength and surface appearance are common to most molding segments. Other properties that could be
important in the molded product are mechanical properties or UV Stability.
The key performance criteria of carbon black products important to molded plastics applications are:
f Color Strength
f Blue Tone
f Effect on Master batch Viscosity
f UV Stability
f Dispersibility
Morphology and physical cleanliness are key attributes of the carbon black which affect the above five
performance criteria for molding applications. The carbon black jetness improves with decreasing carbon
black aggregate size. This is most likely due to a smaller aggregate having more surface area available to
absorb visible light.
Due to their color strength, carbon blacks typically used in the molding market have fairly small aggregate
sizes, generally less than 60 nm. This size is smaller than any of the carbon blacks regularly used in the rubber
market. An ASTM 100 series carbon black for rubber would have aggregate sizes greater than 60 nm. Due to
the need for high color black in molding applications, a family of smaller aggregate grades evolved for use
in the plastics industry. The smaller aggregate size of the carbon black also has a positive effect on the blue
undertone and UV stability of the molded parts.
FiberCarbon blacks are used in a number of synthetic extruded fibers. Some common resin systems are polyester,
nylon and polypropylene. The desired end use properties from the carbon black are color strength and blue
undertone. However, due to the fiber manufacturing process, carbon black physical cleanliness is critical in
product selection.
VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 6 • SEPTEMbER 2012
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION
Application based Carbon Black selection guide for plastic application.
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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION VOLUM E 1 I SSUE 7 NOVEM B ER 2011
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Ram Ch Company "Century Towers", 46, Barnaby Road, Kilpauk, Chennai - 600 010Tel : +44 - 4353 9040 / 41 / 42 Fax : +44 - 4330 7050 Email : [email protected]
aran |
Mumbai | [email protected]
Kolkatta | [email protected]
Hyderabad | [email protected]
Chennai | 044 [email protected]
Hosur| [email protected]
Madurai | [email protected]
Cochin | [email protected]
Bangalore | [email protected]
MICRONIZED CARBON BLACK TYPICAL SPECIFICATION
TESTPARAMETERS UNIT
ASTMMETHOD
N220MICRONIZED
CARBONBLACK
N330MICRONIZED
CARBONBLACK
N326MICRONIZED
CARBONBLACK
AppearanceBlack Fine
PowderBlack Fine
PowderBlack Fine
Powder
Iodine No mg/g D 1510-03 121 ± 5 82 ± 5 82 ± 5
DBP Absorption cc/100g D 2414-05 114 ± 5 102 ± 5 72 ± 5
Tint Strength % ITRB D 3265 116 ± 5 104 ± 5 111 ± 5
Heating Loss % D 1509 1 max 1.5 max 1.5 max
Ash Content % D 1506 1 max 1 max 1 max
Sieve Residue 350 BSS mesh %
D 15140.6max 0.6max 0.6max
Available in 25 kg bags across all our warehouses.
Ram Charan Company | Samson Tower, 403, L – Pantheon Road, 6th Floor, Egmore, Chennai 600 008. Tamil Nadu, India.Phone : +91 44 4353 9040 • Fax : +91 44 4330 7050 • Email : [email protected] • Website : www.ramcharan.org
New Delhi | [email protected]
Pune | [email protected]
VOLUME 2 • ISSUE 6 • SEPTEMbER 2012
