1. Draw the electron‐dot structure of ethane.

2. What is meant by saponification? Give one example with chemical reaction. With thehelp of a diagram, explain the cleansing action of soap.

3. Complete the following equations: (also name the product formed)(a) CH4 + O2 (excess) →(b) CH3COOH + C2H5OH →(acid)

(c) CH3COOH + NaOH →(d) CH3CH2OH →(conc. H2SO4 / heat)

(e) CH3COOH + NaHCO3 →(f) CH4 + Cl2 →(sunlight)

(g) CH2=CH2 + H2 →(Ni)

(h) C2H5OH + O2 →(Alk. KMNO4)

(i) CH3CH2OH →(Alkaline KMNO4)

(j) CH3COOC2H5 →(NaOH)

(k) CH3‐CH=CH2 + H2 →(Ni ‐ Catalyst)

(l) C2H5OH + Na →

4. Write the next homologue of (i) CH3OH (ii) CH2=CH2 (iii) CH3‐CH=CH2 (iv) CH3‐CO‐CH3

(v) HCOOH

5. Define homologous series of organic compounds. Explain it with an example. Mentionany two characteristics of homologous series.

6. Name the compound formed on heating ethanol at 433K with excess conc. H2SO4.

7. Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.

8. Write the next higher homologue of the following:(i) C3H6

(ii) C5H8

9. Give reasons for the following:(a) Unsaturated hydrocarbons show addition reactions but not saturated hydrocarbons.(b) Carbon only forms covalent compounds.

10. List two reasons for carbon forming large number of compounds.

11. An organic acid ‘X’ is a liquid which often freezes during winter time in coldcountries. It has a molecular formula C2H4O2. On warming with ethanol in presence of afew drops of conc. H2SO4 a compound Y with sweet smell is formed.

(a) Identify X and Y.(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.(c) What is the function of conc. H2SO4 in the above reaction.

12. Draw the electron‐dot structure of ethanol /Ethyl Alcohol.

13. Why are soaps not considered as effective cleansing agents.

14. Write any two structural isomers of Pentane and state their names.

15. What is esterification? Give one example. Write a chemical equation to illustrate it.

16. Differentiate between addition reactions and substitution reactions shown byHydrocarbons.

17. Name the functional group present in Propanone.

18. What are hydrogenation reactions? Give an example.

19. Why do soaps form scum instead of lather in hard water.

20. Name the product formed when Ethyl Ethanoate is treated with NaOH solution, andalso write the chemical reaction.

21. Draw the structure of the simplest ketone.

22. Define the term functional group. Give examples of four different functional groups.

23. Identify the functional group present in the in the following compounds.(i)

(ii)

(iii) CH3‐CO‐CH3

24. What will you observe on adding a 5% alkaline potassium permanganate solution dropby drop to some warm ethanol taken in a test tube? Write the name of the compoundformed during the above chemical reaction.

25. Write the chemical reaction for the combustion of ethanol. Also name the products.

26. List two differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

27. Draw the structures of any two isomers of butane and name them.

28. Draw the structure of Ethyne.

29. List any two differences between soaps and detergents.

30. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with 4 carbon atoms.

31. An organic compound A is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecularformula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol in the presence of a mineral acid toform a sweet smelling compound B.(i) Identify the compound A.(ii) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound B.(ii) Which gas is produced when A reacts with sodium carbonate? Write the balancedchemical equation for the reaction involved.(iii) How can we get compound A back from B. Name the process and write thecorresponding equation.

32. Write the names of:(i) CH3CH2Br(ii) CH3‐CH=CH2

(iii) CH3‐CO‐CH3

(iv) CH3CH2‐C≡CH(v) CH3CH2COOH(vi) C6H6

33. What are structural isomers.

34. Write the names of any two structural isomers of C5H12.

35. What is a catalyst. Write the chemical equation to represent the hydrogenation ofethene.

36. Which of the following compounds belong to the same homologous series?C2H6 , C2H6O2 , C2H6O , C4H10

37. Write the chemical equations along with necessary condition for the following changesto take place:(i) Ethanol to Ethanoic Acid(ii) Ethanoic Acid to Sodium Acetate(iii) Methane to Chloromethane(iv) Ethane to Ethanol(v) Ethanol to Ethene

38. What is the next homologue of propanol and butanal.

39. (a) On dropping a small piece of Sodium into an organic compound “A” with amolecular formula C2H6O in a test tube a brisk effervescence is observed. On bringing aburning splinter the gas evolved burns with a pop sound. Identify A and write the chemicalequation.

(b) What will happen if you heat the organic compound A at 433K with excess ofconcentrated sulphuric acid.

40. Define catenation. Why no other element exhibits the properties of catenation to anextent seen in carbon compounds.

41. Name the compound formed the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol. Write thechemical equation for the reaction involved.

42. Write the chemical equation to represent the Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oils.

43. Two carbon compounds A and B have the molecular formula C3H8 and C3H6 respectively.Which one is more likely to addition reaction. Justify your answer.

44. Write one use of ethanoic acid.

45. Draw the structures of Bromopentane and Hexanal.

46. Conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is considered an oxidation reaction. Why?

47. Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

48. Write the structural formulae of the corresponding alcohol and acid. The formula ofan ester is CH3COOC2H5.

49. “Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a blue flame while unsaturated hydrocarbons burnwith a sooty flame.” Why?

50. An organic compound A on heating with conc. H2SO4 forms a compound B which onaddition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of Nickel forms a compound C. One mole ofC on combustion forms two moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. Identify the compounds A, Band C. Write the equations involved.

51. Identify the compounds A to E in the following reaction sequence.

52. What are isomers?

53. Draw the structure of pentanal.

54. List two medicinal use of Ethanol.

55. How does boiling point and melting point of hydrocarbons change with increase inmolecular mass?

56. Mention the percentage of carbon in earth’s crust.

57. Write the formula of functional group of ketone and aldehyde.

58. Write the chemical formula for vinegar.

59. Given below are the formula of some functional groups

Write the names of these functional groups.60. What is micelle? How does the formation of a micelle help to clean the clothes? ? Drawa labelled diagram of a micelle.

61. Draw the structures of benzene and cyclohexane.

62. Mention the common name for:(a) hydrocarbons with one or more double bond(b) hydrocarbons with one or more triple bond

63. Explain the following reaction with one example for each giving relevant chemicalequation :(a) Hydrogenation reaction(b) Oxidation reaction(c) Substitution reaction(d) Combustion reaction(e) Saponification reaction

64. What is the difference between two consecutive members in a homologous series inalkanes terms of (i) molecular mass (ii) number of atoms of elements.

65. An organic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C2H6O on oxidation with dilutealkaline KMnO4 solution gives an acid ‘B’ with the same number of carbon atoms.Compound ‘A’ is often used for sterilization of skin by doctors.(i) Name the compounds ‘A” and ‘B’.(ii) Write the chemical equation involved in the formation of ‘B’ from ‘A’

66. Differentiate between vegetable oils and animal fats.

67. How do saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons can be differentiated on the basis of their combustion?

68. What are oxidising agents?

69. An organic compound A of molecular formula C2H4 on reduction gives anothercompound B of molecular formula C2H6. B on reaction with Chlorine in the presence ofsunlight gives C of molecular formula C2H5Cl.(a) Name the compounds A, B and C(b) Write chemical equation for the conversion of A to B and name the type of reaction

70. Draw the structures of the following compounds:(i) 2‐ Bromopentane(ii) 2 – methylpropane(iii) Butanal(iv) 1 – Hexyne

71. Write the name of the following compounds:

72. (i) Take about 3mL of Ethanol in a test tube and warm it gently in a water bath.(ii) Add a 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop to thesolution.(iii) What happens to the colour of KMnO4 added initially and then in excess? Givereason. Name the product of this reaction.

73. What is scum?

74. What are detergents? How are detergents better than soaps?

75. Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.

76. A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodiumhydrogencarbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and drawthe diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which youhave named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

77. Look at Figure below and answer the following questions(a) What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B?(b) Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively.(c) If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same change?(d) How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?

78. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?

79. Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?

80. What is denatured alcohol.

81. What happens when soap solution in a test tube is shaken with (i) soft water (ii) hardwater?

82. Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.

83. How can detergent molecules be altered to make them biodegradable?

84. What is the difference between a functional group and alkyl radical?

85.