Carbon

By Karishma Mili Dhiman

Carbon…

• Atomic no. is 6

• E.C. is 2,4

• Valency is ±4

• Tetravalent in nature

Tetravalence is the

state of an atom with

four electrons

available for covalent

chemical bonding in

its valence

Some important terms

• Catenation: If an element is able to combine with its own atom to make a larger compound

OR

It has self combining capacity

• Allotrops: The independent existence of an element in more than one form

Covalent Bonds

• Bond formed by sharing of electron

• Do not conduct electricity

• Low boiling and melting point

• Carbon makes three types of bonds

– Single bond

– Double bond

– Triple bond

Single bond

C

H

H

H

HELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE

Table of alkane

No. of carbon atoms

Formula Prefix Suffix Name

1 Meth Ane Methane

2 Eth Ane Ethane

3 Prop Ane Propane

4 But Ane Butane

5 Pent Ane Pentane

6 Hex Ane Hexane

7 Hept Ane Heptane

8 Oct Ane Octane

9 Non Ane Nonane

10 Deca Ane Deca-ane

Double bond

C=C

H

H H

H

No. of carbon atoms

Formula Prefix Suffix Name

2 Eth Ene Ethene

3 Prop Ene Propene

4 But Ene Butene

5 Pent Ene Pentene

6 Hex Ene Hexene

7 Hept Ene Heptene

8 Oct Ene Octene

9 Non Ene Nonene

10 Deca Ene Deca-ene

Triple bond

C

H H

No. of carbon atoms

Formula Prefix Suffix Name

2 Eth Yne Ethyne

3 Prop Yne Propyne

4 But Yne Butyne

5 Pent Yne Pentyne

6 Hex Yne Hexyne

7 Hept Yne Heptyne

8 Oct Yne Octyne

9 Non Yne Nonyne

10 Deca Yne Deca-yne

Diamond Graphite Buckminster fullerne

Colour Colourless Steel black to grey Black

Hardness Hardest Softer than diamond

Softer than diamond

Electricityconductivity

Insulator Conductor Semi-Conductor