Carbohydrates

When excess glucose is taken in at a meal:

- Glucose molecules are combined to form a long-chained polysaccharide called glycogen.

Glycogen:- Supplies glucose in periods between meals.- Liver stores glycogen.- Broken down into glucose molecules and is used

for energy.

Red areas indicate glycogen.

Cellulose

• Carbohydrate• Water-insoluble fiber• Cannot dissolve in waterFound in: carrots, celery, cereal and breads.

We can’t digest cellulose.Retains water to help move feces through large

intestine.

Lipids

• During exercise triglycerides provide a larger proportion of the body’s energy demand.

• Atherosclerosis – buildup of cholesterol deposits, called plaque on walls of arteries.

From: steak, hamburgers, cheese, chicken with its skin, bacon, whole milk…

More common in people that do not exercise and smokers.

Amino Acids and Protein

• Protein in our diets is broken down to produce amino acids.

Ex. Hair, fingernails, part of our bones

Essential amino acids: amino acids that are not made in sufficient amounts.

All the amino acids we need are found in: milk, eggs, meat, fish, poultry, cheese, and soy product.

Vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins: vitamin C and 8 different forms of vitamin B.

• Work in conjunction with enzymes, promoting the cellular reactions that supply energy or synthesize cellular materials.

• Readily eliminated by the kidneys; not stored in the body.

• Thought excesses of these vitamins can be toxic.

• Deficiency of Vitamin C

Vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins• Vitamin A,D,E,K.• Vitamin A is converted to light-sensitive

pigments in receptor cells of the retina.• Stored in body fat and accumulate in the fat

reserves.• Excess Vitamin D can cause weight loss,

nausea, and irritability.

Deficiencies

• Excess of Vitamin D can produce rickets.

• Causes bone deformities.• Dietitians recommend taking

vitamin supplements if you don’t eat a balanced diet.

Antioxidants

• Why is everyone against oxidants?• Eliminates oxidants in the blood that are

involved in cholesterol build up in the walls of arteries.

• Oxidants may contribute to cancer.• Diet rich in antioxidants may reduce heart

attacks, stroke, and cancer.• Found in: fruits, vegetables, soy milk, tofu, tea,

and red wine.

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